scholarly journals Аdjustment disorders in students who have suffered psychoemotional stress: systematic review of diagnostics, treatment and preventive care

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
L.M.  Yuryeva  ◽  
A.I. Sharun
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Higher Education Reform ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
The Impact

Currently, the mental health problem of students, which often leads to the creation of unfavorable foundations for the development of non-psychotic mental disorders, is particularly relevant and socially significant. The purpose of this article was to conduct a systematic literature review of the current state of the problems of students` adjustment disorders, taking into account interventions aimed at preventing and correcting them, and analyzing the results. We searched the electronic databases Oxford, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline and Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cyberleninka, PsycInfo on prevalence, adverse effects, and interventions in students with adjustment disorders. Of the 25 studies published over the period from 2004 to 2020, 10 (40%) data on treatment and preventive measures are reported. The search revealed that interventions aimed at correcting and preventing adjustment disorders in students may improve various aspects of well-being, including psychological, pedagogical and medical ones. However, the evidence is limited by the relative inadequacy of long-term and reliable experimental studies. In view of this, it is advisable to further implement larger projects and conduct broader and longer-term research, which will contribute to a more reliable and in-depth study of the impact and effectiveness of such interventions. Based on a scientific search, the theoretical and methodological foundations of psychocorrection of students with adjustment disorders are substantiated, taking into account the specifics of the mental functioning of this category. While there are few works devoted to the study of developmental issues, clinical and psychopathological features, dynamics of non-psychotic mental disorders, taking into account gender and organizational factors in university students in the context of higher education reform, such issues require further study applying systemic approach in order to develop and implement in practice the early diagnosis as well as corrective and preventive measures.

Facebook and Subjective Well-Being Among College Students: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Loprinzi ◽  
Emily Frith
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review evaluates various theoretical underpinnings, which may contribute to abetter understanding of the effects of Facebook use on subjective well-being among college students. Theauthor conducted a PubMed search of experimental studies conducted within a young adult population.Eligible participant data was delimited to undergraduate or graduate students, who were required to becurrent Facebook users. Six studies were chosen for the review. The findings suggest that Facebook usagemay be positively associated with subjective well-being via several theoretical mechanisms founded in socialpsychology. These findings provide preliminary evidence that Facebook may offer its users unique opportu-nities to tailor their online self-presentation to assuage the impact of negative psychosocial stimuli presentedin real-world environments. Innovative strategies should be conceived to assess the possible relationshipbetween Facebook use and enhanced subjective well-being.

scholarly journals The Impact of Diet, Nutrition and Nutraceuticals on Oral and Periodontal Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Isola
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Chewing Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Oral and periodontal diseases can determine severe functional, phonatory and aesthetic impairments and are the main cause of adult tooth loss. They are caused by some specific bacteria that provoke an intense local inflammatory response and affect—with particular gravity—susceptible subjects, because of reasons related to genetics and lifestyles (e.g., smoking and home oral hygiene habits). They are more frequent in the disadvantaged segments of society and, in particular, in subjects who have difficulty accessing preventive services and dental care. Some systemic diseases, such as uncontrolled diabetes, can increase their risk of development and progression. Recently, in addition to the obvious considerations of severe alterations and impairments for oral health and well-being, it has been noted that periodontitis can cause changes in the whole organism. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have highlighted the presence of a strong association between periodontitis and some systemic diseases, in particular, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, lung diseases and complications of pregnancy. The purpose of this editorial is to provide a current and thoughtful perspective on the relationship of diet and natural agents on oral, periodontal diseases, and chewing disorder preventions which may reflect good systemic conditions and related quality of life or to analyze indirect effects through the contribution of diet and nutrition to systemic health in order to obtain a modern diagnostic–therapeutic approach.

The Impact of Bedside Technology on Patients' Well-Being

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Tanja-Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Healthcare Design ◽  
Healthcare Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: This paper presents a study to gain insight into the effects of the visibility of medical equipment on the well-being of patients. Background: Encounters with healthcare situations are characterized by stress and anxiety. The presence of wires, tubes, and monitors near the bedside may contribute to these feelings. One of the trends in healthcare design is to organize the headwalls of patient rooms in such a way as to reduce clutter and minimize the visibility of medical equipment, but no experimental studies are available that investigate the effects of the visibility of medical equipment in patient rooms. Methods: This experiment employed a single-factor between-subjects design (medical equipment visible vs. medical equipment out of sight) exposing participants ( n = 42) to a scenario and a picture of a hospital room. Results: Placing medical equipment out of sight leads to reduced feelings of stress in patients. This stress-reducing effect is mediated by feelings of pleasure. Placing medical equipment out of sight leads to a more positive emotional state, which in turn leads to feelings of reduced stress in patients. Moreover, placing equipment out of sight leads to people having more trust in the healthcare provider. Conclusions: The current study emphasizes the importance of the built healthcare environment and shows what role the visibility of medical equipment can play in the healing process of patients.

scholarly journals Likelihood of Asking for Help in Caregivers of Women With Substance Use or Co-Occurring Substance Use and Mental Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Brown ◽  
David E. Biegel ◽  
Elizabeth M. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Family members are important to the well-being of their relatives with substance use disorders or co-occurring substance use and mental disorders. Many caregivers experience high levels of burden, negatively impacting their capacity to provide support to their ill family member. The Andersen health care utilization model (Andersen & Newman, 1973, 2005) was used to identify the impact of predisposing, enabling, and need factors hypothesized to predict caregivers’ likelihood of asking for help and support with their caregiving role. The sample include 82 women recruited from outpatient or inpatient substance abuse treatment centers and 82 family caregivers nominated by these women. Findings showed that almost half of caregivers were unlikely to ask for help. Multiple regression analysis found that two need variables were statistically significant predictors of caregivers’ likelihood to ask for help. Caregivers who had higher subject burden (worry) and caregivers who provided more assistance with daily living were more likely to ask for help. It is suggested that case managers assess the amount of worried family caregivers’ experience because their worries may provide the motivation to ask for help or to participate in help when it is offered to them.

scholarly journals Values Narratives for Personal Growth: Formative Evaluation of the Laws of Life Essay Program

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-293
Author(s):  
Victoria Banyard ◽  
Sherry Hamby ◽  
Ed de St. Aubin ◽  
John Grych
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Writing Exercises

Evidence that even very brief writing exercises can change the way people see themselves and promote more positive mental and physical health has led to increased interest in their use in school settings and elsewhere. To date, however, research designs rely heavily on samples of college students and experimental studies of writing tasks carried out in the lab. There has been less investigation of the potential impact of more naturally occurring expressive writing exercises that exist in places like schools and that focus on adolescents. The current study was a process evaluation of the Laws of Life Essay, a values-based narrative program that was part of participants’ secondary school experience. It examined participants’ views of the impact of the program on their personal growth and, given the age range of participants, allowed for process evaluation of its perceived short- and long-term effects. Qualitative, semistructured interviews with 55 adolescent and adult participants were collected. Themes in participants’ responses included the importance of reflection and reappraisal of values, adversity, and relationships. Participants also discussed the importance of an audience for their writing, a novel finding that suggests one possible way to increase the impact of other narrative programs. Participants described variability in their engagement with expressive writing. This is one of the few studies that examined participants’ own views of the value of expressive writing and their responses suggest directions for future research and implications for designing expressive writing tasks to support social emotional learning and character education in schools and promote well-being at key developmental moments.

Hope and Stress Resilience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Ong ◽  
Taylor Standiford ◽  
Saarang Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clinical Populations

A sizeable literature has implicated hopelessness in the phenomenological experience of various mood disorders, vulnerability to psychopathology, and overall poor psychological functioning. By contrast, how hope contributes to resilience and well-being has been understudied. This systematic review integrates findings from cross-sectional, longitudinal, ambulatory, and experimental studies that investigate the impact of hope and well-being outcomes in both healthy and clinical populations. Although the literature is not without theoretical gaps and methodological inconsistencies, the pattern of findings suggests that aggregate or trait measures of hope provide the most consistent evidence of a direct association between hope and well-being in healthy and clinical populations. More limited empirical data exists on the protective effects of hope. The chapter concludes that more rigorous and theoretically informed research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the possible beneficial impact of hope on well-being.

scholarly journals Poland's Transition In Business Education

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Bozena Leven
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Higher Education Reform ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Planned Economy ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Impact

Prior to Poland's transition from central planning to a market system, which began in 1990, schools of business were non-existent in that country. Instead, university level instruction on economics during the socialist period was closely tied to ideological priorities, and limited to imparting skills suitable for planned economy. All universities were owned by the state, heavily politicized, and solely focused on supporting a centrally planned economy.  There was no meaningful attempt to impart, or even describe, market oriented theories, leaving Poland almost wholly without the basic human capital needed to run a market economy. This backdrop makes higher education reform particularly crucial for Poland’s continued economic development and, to date, marketization has fundamentally transformed that sector.  Poland’s current higher education system is now compatible with those of many Western European countries, relies on standard Western curricula, and enjoys significant academic autonomy, which exceeds that of some more developed Western countries. This sector has also seen an unprecedented growth in economics and business programs enrollments, along with the formation of private universities.  Indeed, the depth and rapidity of Poland's progress in reforming higher education stands in marked contrast to that of other former centrally planned economies, and may serve as an interesting case study for potential reforms in Russia and other former Soviet republics.  In this paper we describe the progress and effects of several major reforms in Poland's higher business education, examining changes in funding, potential funding sources, the structure of faculty governance, educational programs and degrees granted, the formation of new curricula, and Poland’s system of faculty promotion. Following this examination, we identify and discuss a number of continuing systemic obstacles to further progress in this area, and discuss how they might be addressed.  In addition, we apply Western metrics to assess and evaluate the impact of reform on the current and future quality of Poland's business education. One consequence of Poland's transition to a market economy is its high level of governmental involvement in income redistribution policies,  and  a  quasi-monopolistic position regarding the provision of such services as for example, health care, and quality higher education .  Because these governmental policies have parallels in the experiences of European countries, those experiences provide insights into possible outcomes upon which various policy recommendations for Poland may be drawn.

scholarly journals Use and impact of smartphone apps in mental health

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amerio ◽  
A Scardoni ◽  
L Bellini ◽  
S Salvati ◽  
S Buttigieg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As smartphone usage is more and more ubiquitous, the app market is flourishing in all fields, including health. Indeed, the availability and use of smartphone apps (SAs) in health has exponentially grown in recent years. It has been estimated that in 2018 there were over 97,000 health apps available and that, 15% and 8% of US phone users aged 18-29 and 30-49 years respectively had health apps installed on their mobile devices. Health apps might potentially support people health paths in multiple ways: channeling health education, enabling personal health data tracking, self-monitoring and goals setting, facilitating access to health records or compliance to treatment, fostering effective communication with healthcare providers and health services, as well as supporting clinical decision-making. Despite such large potential, still scant evidence is available on the impact of SAs on clinical outcomes in different fields of medicine, including mental health. With an estimated prevalence of around 450 million people currently suffering from mental disorders and 1 in 4 people in the world affected at some point in own life, mental disorders are a leading cause of ill-health and disability worldwide whose prevention and care might be enhanced by mHealth technology. The general aim of the presentation is to provide an overview on the use and impact of SAs in the field of mental health. Specific objectives are: i) to present a conceptual framework on how SAs might support mental disorders prevention, diagnosis and treatment, ii) to report on SAs use in mental health in different settings, iii) to collect and pool available evidence from observational and experimental studies on the impact of SAs use on different mental health outcomes, iv) to explore the quality, effectiveness and attributes of top-rated smartphone mental health apps and lastly, v) to suggest gaps in knowledge to be filled by future research.

Anapanasati: (mindfulness of breathing) an access to insight.

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5th) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kashiram Talekar ◽  
Rajesh Kolarkar
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Buddhist Literature ◽  
Global Campaign ◽  
Meditation Technique ◽  
Vipassana Meditation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Depression let’s talk- WHO is leading a one-year global campaign on depression. Depression comes under psychiatric disorders. According to WHO healthy person definition is health is complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Vipassana meditation technique is very useful for balancing of mind. Ä€nāpānasati breathing technique is first step of Vipassana. Ä€nāpānasati, the meditation is in-and-out breathing, is the first subject of meditation expounded by the Lord Buddha in the Maha Satipatthana Sutta, the Great Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness. Ä€nāpānasati is a natural object of Samadhi in which a person’s observes his/her breathing as it is for the concentration of mind. This mental aspect is addressed effectively using Ä€nāpānasati. Moral education and Ä€nāpānasati are the foundation of Vipassana meditation technique. As per Maharashtra government rule (G.R) 2012 Ä€nāpānasati meditation practice should be conducted in every school. This path of sÄ«la, samādhi, paññā, and nibbāna (morality, concentration, wisdom, and liberation) is absolutely universal, and acceptable to all nationalities. Meditation has been beneficial to large number of adults, while researchers have not focused on studying the impact of meditation on children or adolescents. Objectives- Literature review of Ä€nāpānasati (mindfulness of breathing) first step of vipassana meditation. Methods The available Classical PālÄ« literature Buddhist Literature Vimuttimagga and Visuddhi Magga, Concepts of meditation in Ä€yuvedic literature. Modern research papers regarding Ä€nāpānasati Literature are reviewed. Conclusions Experimental studies using Ä€nāpānasati meditation was very much needed for further studies in adolescents. Key words:  Ä€nāpānasati, meditation, Vipassana, Depression, Vimuttimagga, Mind, Breathing technique.

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