scholarly journals Distribution Channels for Wine Tourism in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Direct Distribution

<p>This study examines the structure of the distribution channels and the underlying factors influencing the most prominent channel choices within the wine tourism industry in New Zealand. This research specifically compares wine tourism in Marlborough and Auckland. It aims to provide a better understanding of the distribution channels for practitioners in the wine tourism industry, with the hope of assisting them to develop their wine tourism businesses successfully and manage the businesses growth effectively. This is a destination-based study performed by employing qualitative approaches focusing on the supply-side through semi-structured interviews. These in-depth interviews were conducted with the owners or managers of the local wine tour operators and wineries in the two regions. The findings generally show that wine tourism businesses place a clear priority on direct distribution of their wine tourism product to visitors “at destination”; the majority of customers of all these businesses are independent visitors. Specifically, overseas independent tourists comprise the largest portion of customers to local wine tour operators in Marlborough and Auckland. The wine tour operators work more actively with intermediaries and reach tourists “in market”, “while travelling” and “at destination” than wineries in these two regions. Marlborough wineries and Auckland wine tour operators and wineries receive domestic corporate groups, most of whom are approached “at destination” with direct distribution. Compared with wineries in Marlborough, more corporate groups use Auckland wine tour operators to visit wineries. Marlborough wineries and wine tour operators, and Auckland wine tour operators receive more international visitors, whereas the majority of visitors to Auckland wineries are from Auckland. When considering the function of wine tourism distribution channels, information provision, reservation and purchase are nearly equally important to local wine tour operators in both Marlborough and Auckland; the most widely used functions for Marlborough wineries is information provision; for Auckland wineries, information provision and purchase play significant roles in the distribution of wine tourism product. Factors influencing distribution channel choice include information provision cost, commissions, businesses’ attitudes towards tourism, perceptions of the Internet, service diversity, capacity, accessibility, availability, market segments, reputation and nature of intermediaries.</p>

scholarly journals Distribution Channels for Wine Tourism in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Direct Distribution

<p>This study examines the structure of the distribution channels and the underlying factors influencing the most prominent channel choices within the wine tourism industry in New Zealand. This research specifically compares wine tourism in Marlborough and Auckland. It aims to provide a better understanding of the distribution channels for practitioners in the wine tourism industry, with the hope of assisting them to develop their wine tourism businesses successfully and manage the businesses growth effectively. This is a destination-based study performed by employing qualitative approaches focusing on the supply-side through semi-structured interviews. These in-depth interviews were conducted with the owners or managers of the local wine tour operators and wineries in the two regions. The findings generally show that wine tourism businesses place a clear priority on direct distribution of their wine tourism product to visitors “at destination”; the majority of customers of all these businesses are independent visitors. Specifically, overseas independent tourists comprise the largest portion of customers to local wine tour operators in Marlborough and Auckland. The wine tour operators work more actively with intermediaries and reach tourists “in market”, “while travelling” and “at destination” than wineries in these two regions. Marlborough wineries and Auckland wine tour operators and wineries receive domestic corporate groups, most of whom are approached “at destination” with direct distribution. Compared with wineries in Marlborough, more corporate groups use Auckland wine tour operators to visit wineries. Marlborough wineries and wine tour operators, and Auckland wine tour operators receive more international visitors, whereas the majority of visitors to Auckland wineries are from Auckland. When considering the function of wine tourism distribution channels, information provision, reservation and purchase are nearly equally important to local wine tour operators in both Marlborough and Auckland; the most widely used functions for Marlborough wineries is information provision; for Auckland wineries, information provision and purchase play significant roles in the distribution of wine tourism product. Factors influencing distribution channel choice include information provision cost, commissions, businesses’ attitudes towards tourism, perceptions of the Internet, service diversity, capacity, accessibility, availability, market segments, reputation and nature of intermediaries.</p>

scholarly journals PRICING POLICY IN TOURISM AS ONE OF THE FACTORS IN FORMING IMAGE OF DESTINATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Валентина Ячменева ◽  
Valentina Yachmeneva ◽  
Наталья Фокина ◽  
Natalya Fokina
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Tourist Service

There are several challenges on way to the forming modern international tourist center on the territory of Crimea meeting the criteria of a year-round, demand and competitiveness. The harmonization of tourism product’s prices and its quality is the main among them. Existing currently unbalanced price policy of tourist service enterprises in the territory of the peninsula could have a negative impact on the region’s image and lead to the loss of competitive position in the market of tourist services. This explains the relevance of this study and its purpose. The research aimed at evaluating the experience of successful development of tourism in foreign destinations and analyzing the factors influencing the pricing policy of tourist service enterprises in the Crimean destinations. To achieve the objectives of the study the authors analyze the approaches to the definition of "destination" and "image". There are a variety of definitions of these terms, but they are all focused on a consumer’s comprehensive perception of tourism product. The distinctive features of main consumer of tourist services in Crimea are established. The reasons for the success of tourism in the destinations in Turkey and Egypt are analyzed. The authors have revealed that the government's efforts to support enterprises in Crimean tourism industry create preconditions for improving the quality of tourism products and the introduction of pricing policies aimed at reducing prices. The article provides an analysis of the factors influencing the pricing policy of tourist service enterprises in Crimean destinations through the method of PEST-analysis. The authors concluded that the current pricing policy of the majority of tourist service companies on the territory of the Republic of Crimea, is apart from the pricing policy of its nearest competitors, does not meet the quality of service and, therefore, does not meet the expectations of the consumers.

scholarly journals How do traditional Māori values affect the sustainability of Māori tourism businesses?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Adam Ransfield
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Kaupapa Māori ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Māori economic asset base has seen significant growth over the past 100 years. Research estimates the Māori economy to be valued at 50 billion (NZ Foreign Affairs & Trade, 2018). While this figure represents the Māori economy, Māori tourism makes a significant economic contribution to this asset base. When considering the different aspects of the New Zealand tourism product, a key aspect that sets New Zealand tourism apart from other destinations is the unique Māori culture. This cultural aspect is a key motivating factor for international tourists intending on visiting New Zealand.  Māori tourism businesses offer a range of tourism products and services that are embedded in, and informed by Māori values. When incorporated in business, many of these traditional Māori values align closely to the three pillars of business sustainability. Literature on Māori tourism, Māori values and business sustainability provide some insight into this phenomenon. However, little is known about how these three components interrelate. Ultimately very little is known about how traditional Māori values impact the business sustainability of Māori tourism businesses. The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether Māori tourism businesses incorporate traditional Māori values into their business and if so, how does the application of these values affect the sustainability of Māori tourism businesses.  Developed from an interpretive social science research paradigm aligned with Kaupapa Māori research, this thesis assesses the impacts of the incorporation of Māori values on the business sustainability of Māori tourism businesses. Semi-structured interviews were selected as an appropriate method of data collection. 12 respondents from eight Māori tourism businesses were interviewed and their responses along with an analysis of the wider literature enabled the researcher to answer the overarching research question – how are traditional Māori values affecting the business sustainability of Māori tourism businesses?   Key research findings include the following: the importance of hiring Māori, developing cultural capacity of staff and stakeholders, preventing cultural misappropriation, providing opportunities for local communities, the relationship of Māori with the land, the importance of sustainable relationships, the impact of climate change on Kaitiakitanga, and the importance of making a profit – but not at the detriment of culture and the environment. The findings identified that to have the ability to implement sustainable practices requires financial sustainability.  This thesis makes a contribution to the literature on Māori values, Māori tourism and business sustainability by providing a greater understanding of which Māori values are applied by Māori tourism businesses and how these values impact business sustainability. In particular, this thesis has done something that previous literature has not, that is, it has attributed the specific effects of individual Māori values against the pillars of business sustainability. This gives the indication of which values have the greatest impact on business sustainability. Finally, in accordance with Kaupapa Māori research, this thesis has provided a practical contribution to the Māori tourism industry. This contribution is in the form of recommendations made to enhance the business sustainability of Māori tourism businesses.</p>

scholarly journals Tourism Distribution Channels in the Northern Tourist Circuit of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter Judca Mkumbo
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Channel Structures

<p>This study investigates the structure of tourism distribution channels in the northern tourist circuit of Tanzania. It explores factors influencing channel structures and also examines operational characteristics of the channels. It is a destination-based study that takes a supply-side approach. The study is based on in-depth interviews with different businesses across tourism sector at the destination. The northern tourist circuit is the heart of tourism industry in Tanzania; it is a core in a peripheral country. Tourists in the northern tourist circuit are primarily attracted by mountain climbing adventures, photographic and hunting safaris. Putting together different activities involved in a safari or adventure product requires the presence of ground tour operators. The former have links with all the suppliers at the destination and are the most knowledgeable about the destination among channel members in the destination. There is a complex relationship among channel members in the northern tourist circuit which partly contributes to the complexity of the distribution channels used. The majority of tourists who visit northern tourist circuit book their holidays through overseas agents; a few purchase directly from the suppliers. The majority of those who shop through overseas agents are package or customized tourists while most independent travellers buy their holidays directly, often making multiple purchases. Ground tour operators in Kenya are important channel members as well. This is because a significant number of tourists who visit the northern tourist circuit come through Kenya and ground tour operators there pass them down to their counterparts in Tanzania. Hunting tourists access the destinations through professional hunters, either directly or through overseas marketing agents. Secondary activities like cultural tourism rely more on "at destination" distribution as their drawing power is less than wildlife resources and adventure attractions. Factors which influence the structure of distribution in the northern tourist circuit include size of the business, nature of the attraction, tourists' preference, distance from market to destination, lack of capital and marketing knowledge. Channel performance is based on two main criteria: volume of clients the channel produces and the profit generated from the channel. Indirect channels produce more clients while direct channels are observed to generate more profit per client than indirect channels. Information technology is mainly used for creating awareness and communications. All the businesses interviewed have websites for those purposes.</p>

scholarly journals Tourism Distribution Channels in the Northern Tourist Circuit of Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Peter Judca Mkumbo
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Channel Structures

<p>This study investigates the structure of tourism distribution channels in the northern tourist circuit of Tanzania. It explores factors influencing channel structures and also examines operational characteristics of the channels. It is a destination-based study that takes a supply-side approach. The study is based on in-depth interviews with different businesses across tourism sector at the destination. The northern tourist circuit is the heart of tourism industry in Tanzania; it is a core in a peripheral country. Tourists in the northern tourist circuit are primarily attracted by mountain climbing adventures, photographic and hunting safaris. Putting together different activities involved in a safari or adventure product requires the presence of ground tour operators. The former have links with all the suppliers at the destination and are the most knowledgeable about the destination among channel members in the destination. There is a complex relationship among channel members in the northern tourist circuit which partly contributes to the complexity of the distribution channels used. The majority of tourists who visit northern tourist circuit book their holidays through overseas agents; a few purchase directly from the suppliers. The majority of those who shop through overseas agents are package or customized tourists while most independent travellers buy their holidays directly, often making multiple purchases. Ground tour operators in Kenya are important channel members as well. This is because a significant number of tourists who visit the northern tourist circuit come through Kenya and ground tour operators there pass them down to their counterparts in Tanzania. Hunting tourists access the destinations through professional hunters, either directly or through overseas marketing agents. Secondary activities like cultural tourism rely more on "at destination" distribution as their drawing power is less than wildlife resources and adventure attractions. Factors which influence the structure of distribution in the northern tourist circuit include size of the business, nature of the attraction, tourists' preference, distance from market to destination, lack of capital and marketing knowledge. Channel performance is based on two main criteria: volume of clients the channel produces and the profit generated from the channel. Indirect channels produce more clients while direct channels are observed to generate more profit per client than indirect channels. Information technology is mainly used for creating awareness and communications. All the businesses interviewed have websites for those purposes.</p>

scholarly journals The future of the New Zealand tourism workforce: 2035

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Laura Petersen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flexible Workforce ◽  
Asian Market

<p>Imagining the future is a tantalising thought, considering that we will never truly know what lies ahead. Despite this inability, envisioning the future has not remained trapped in the realm of mere science fiction fantasies, but is increasingly attempted by organisations, academics and governments. This thesis uses scenario planning to ask what will the future of the New Zealand tourism workforce look like in the year 2035. Scenario planning, as a method of futures studies, is an increasingly popular approach to envisioning the future and draws upon key drivers of change in the present to formulate plausible future scenarios. This provides decision makers with a space for discussion and stretches their thinking through rich storylines. This thesis adds valuable insight to both areas of workforce planning, and New Zealand’s valuable tourism industry and its workforce. It takes an alternatively qualitative scenario approach to holistically explore this topic.  The year 2035 was chosen to push the current industry discussions around the Tourism 2025 strategy even further into the future. A modified Delphi method guided the research, based on a similar scenario planning study by Solnet, Baum, Kralj, Robinson, Ritchie, and Olsen (2013) which focused on the tourism workforce of the Asia-Pacific region. This method adds truthfulness to the research and involves three rounds of surveys that draw upon the knowledge and consensus of experts within the tourism and workforce fields in New Zealand. From a list of ten drivers, immigration policies and the growing Asian market emerged as the most important and formed the basis for the four alternative future scenarios. “Manaakitanga is Found Here” presents a world of closed immigration and a niche Asian tourist market, where the workforce relies on, and celebrates, local knowledge and culture. “Pick of the Labour Crop” encourages a flexible workforce for private profit within open immigration settings with a niche Asian market. “Struggling for Respect” warns of a future where tourism lacks national strategic importance with a struggling workforce, amongst closed immigration policies and a mass Asian market. Finally, “Cheap and Plentiful” explores how open immigration and a mass Asian market could push a flexible workforce and a cheaper tourism product, which damages the country’s industry and image.  The study reveals that some scenarios are more desirable than others, but regardless of which scenario unfolds, they each present various challenges and opportunities for the workforce.They emphasis the unpredictable nature of the future and stress the importance of flexibility in order to respond and adapt to changes. They also highlight the necessity of seeking a balanced solution for the workforce and striving for a quality tourism product that respectfully integrates our Māori culture.</p>

Does Event-Driven Tourism Provide Economic Benefits? A Case Study from the Manawatu Region of New Zealand

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Auld ◽  
Sarah McArthur
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Tourism Organization

The prime purpose of the New Zealand tourism industry is to create income. Events are becoming a major component of the tourism product. This study analyses the economic impact of an events festival in the Manawatu region of New Zealand. Destination Manawatu, the region's tourism organization, wanted to know whether an events festival held in March 1999 had provided net benefits for the region. Analysis indicates that the festival did produce significant economic benefits for the Manawatu, suggesting that event-driven tourism is an effective strategy for Destination Manawatu.

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