scholarly journals GRAFT: A Distributed Recommendation Framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ferry Hendrikx

<p>Since the earliest human communities, reputation has been used by people to decide whether they should trust and interact with someone else. Traditionally, reputation was established through a person’s standing, word of mouth and their associations. However, with the increasingly widespread use of the Internet, this situation has changed. In particular, all of the normal cues that help to build reputation are missing. Even the concept of identity is blurred by the common usage of pseudonyms.  In answer to this problem, many websites on the Internet have developed reputation systems that allow members to leave feedback about the performance of others in the execution of their duties. This accumulation of feedback about any individual can be used to characterise and predict their future behaviour in that context, allowing others to decide if they want to interact with that individual. Unfortunately, the information in each instance is limited to the narrow context of the website in which it was generated.  Not only is the reputation information constrained in context, it also limits the potential scope of what can be determined about an individual. The information that could be collected about entities includes social, demographic and reputation-based information. These are collectively called recommendation information in this thesis. Collecting this recommendation information from multiple sources and contexts should provide a wider view by which an entity can be evaluated than reputation alone could produce. The combination of these multiple sources of recommendation information can be naturally extended in the development of novel applications in areas such as access control and web service composition.  The GRAFT framework developed in this thesis encapsulates a paradigm shift in the way that reputation information is handled. It directly supports the collection and distribution goals by building a global distributed recommendation system that can be used to collect and make available recommendation information about both people and electronic services. This system can be used as both a drop-in replacement for existing systems, or it can be used to drive the consumption of recommendation information in novel new systems.  Recommendation information can be collected from both traditional reputation sources such as Amazon and eBay, and non-traditional reputation sources such as social networks, providing flexibility in what can be collected and subsequently utilised by consumers. The derivation of reputation information from non-reputation sources including demographic and social information, and the subsequent ability to use this recommendation information in the description and evaluation of policies is unique to GRAFT.  The major contributions of this thesis in the areas of reputation and reputation systems include the development of a reputation terminology, generalised models of reputation and reputation context, an extensive survey and taxonomy of reputation systems and a classification of existing reputation systems based on the taxonomy. This thesis also contributes an architecture for GRAFT, a prototype implementation of GRAFT showing its usefulness, and an evaluation that includes the results of a large number of simulation experiments showing how the architecture scales and handles both malicious peers and churn.</p>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ferry Hendrikx

<p>Since the earliest human communities, reputation has been used by people to decide whether they should trust and interact with someone else. Traditionally, reputation was established through a person’s standing, word of mouth and their associations. However, with the increasingly widespread use of the Internet, this situation has changed. In particular, all of the normal cues that help to build reputation are missing. Even the concept of identity is blurred by the common usage of pseudonyms.  In answer to this problem, many websites on the Internet have developed reputation systems that allow members to leave feedback about the performance of others in the execution of their duties. This accumulation of feedback about any individual can be used to characterise and predict their future behaviour in that context, allowing others to decide if they want to interact with that individual. Unfortunately, the information in each instance is limited to the narrow context of the website in which it was generated.  Not only is the reputation information constrained in context, it also limits the potential scope of what can be determined about an individual. The information that could be collected about entities includes social, demographic and reputation-based information. These are collectively called recommendation information in this thesis. Collecting this recommendation information from multiple sources and contexts should provide a wider view by which an entity can be evaluated than reputation alone could produce. The combination of these multiple sources of recommendation information can be naturally extended in the development of novel applications in areas such as access control and web service composition.  The GRAFT framework developed in this thesis encapsulates a paradigm shift in the way that reputation information is handled. It directly supports the collection and distribution goals by building a global distributed recommendation system that can be used to collect and make available recommendation information about both people and electronic services. This system can be used as both a drop-in replacement for existing systems, or it can be used to drive the consumption of recommendation information in novel new systems.  Recommendation information can be collected from both traditional reputation sources such as Amazon and eBay, and non-traditional reputation sources such as social networks, providing flexibility in what can be collected and subsequently utilised by consumers. The derivation of reputation information from non-reputation sources including demographic and social information, and the subsequent ability to use this recommendation information in the description and evaluation of policies is unique to GRAFT.  The major contributions of this thesis in the areas of reputation and reputation systems include the development of a reputation terminology, generalised models of reputation and reputation context, an extensive survey and taxonomy of reputation systems and a classification of existing reputation systems based on the taxonomy. This thesis also contributes an architecture for GRAFT, a prototype implementation of GRAFT showing its usefulness, and an evaluation that includes the results of a large number of simulation experiments showing how the architecture scales and handles both malicious peers and churn.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Ludwig ◽  
Alexander Hepp ◽  
Michaela Brunner ◽  
Johanna Baehr

Trust and security of microelectronic systems are a major driver for game-changing trends like autonomous driving or the internet of things. These trends are endangered by threats like soft- and hardware attacks or IP tampering -- wherein often hardware reverse engineering (RE) is involved for efficient attack planning. The constant publication of new RE-related scenarios and countermeasures renders a profound rating of these extremely difficult. Researchers and practitioners have no tools or framework which aid a common, consistent classification of these scenarios. In this work, this rating framework is introduced: the common reverse engineering scoring system (CRESS). The framework allows a general classification of published settings and renders them comparable. We introduce three metrics: exploitability, impact, and a timestamp. For these metrics, attributes are defined which allow a granular assessment of RE on the one hand, and attack requirements, consequences, and potential remediation strategies on the other. The system is demonstrated in detail via five case studies and common implications are discussed. We anticipate CRESS to evaluate possible vulnerabilities and to safeguard targets more proactively.


Author(s):  
J.-G. Castel

SummaryThis article addresses the problems related to the use of the Internet in Canada in an international context. Does international law allow Canada to regulate the Internet and its actors even if they are located abroad? Under the constitution, which level of government has the authority to do so? In which circumstances have the courts in Québec and in the common law provinces personal jurisdiction over persons using the Internet in an international context and which law do these courts apply? When are Canadian courts prepared to recognize and enforce foreign judgments involving the Internet and its actors? The author deals with these questions and is of the opinion that in most situations the federal Parliament has the jurisdiction to prescribe and the Canadian courts have the jurisdiction to adjudicate with respect to the Internet and its actors in an international context without violating international law. However, to avoid conflicts of jurisdiction, it would be better to adopt an international convention covering the various aspects of the Internet.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Erna Daniati

Kampung Inggris terletak di Pare Kabupaten Kediri Jawa Timur. Di tempat ini terdapat pusat pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris terbesar di Kota Kediri dan kemungkinan juga terbesar di Indonesia. Tidak jarang di Kampung Inggris ada banyak pendatang yang berasal dari luar kota dan pulau. Banyaknya peserta kursus yang datang dari berbagai penjuru daerah di Indonesia, penggunaan internet pun semakin berkembang dan para calon siswa akan menggunakan internet untuk mencari lembaga-lembaga kursus yang ada di Kampung Inggris karena dirasa lebih efektif dan efisien. Tidak jarang para calon peserta kursus lebih berminat pada pendaftaran sistem online dan menggunakan jasa rekomendasi dari situs-situs yang menyediakan jasa rekomendasi sekaligus reservasi karena dirasa lebih efisien. Dengan demikian rekomendasi reservasi pilihan tempat kursus sangat diperlukan oleh calon siswa, masalah ini dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan logika fuzzy dengan model tahani. Dimana calon peserta kursus, akan merasa terbantu dengan adanya sistem ini dengan memberikan rekomendasi lembaga-lembaga yang sesuai dengan kriteria calon peserta kursus dengan cara menginput kriteria pada sistem oleh pengguna. Sehingga pada akhir prosesnya, pengguna akan mendapatkan daftar rekomendasi lembaga yang direkomendasikan berdasarkan kriteria masukannya.English village is located in Pare, Kediri Regency, East Java. In this place, there is the largest English language learning center in Kediri and it is maybe the largest in Indonesia. It is not seldom in the English Village that many people who come from outside the city and the island. The number of course participants who came from around the region in Indonesia, the use of the Internet was growing and prospective students will use the internet to search the course institutions which existing in English Village because it was felt more effective and efficient. It is not infrequently the prospective course participants more interested in the online system of registration and use services of the recommendations of sites that provide services at the same time on the reservation, because it is considered more efficient. Thus the choice of the course on a reservation is required by prospective students, this problem can be solved by fuzzy logic model using tahani. Where prospective participants will feel be helped using this recommendation system with giving properly recomendation institutions using the criteria of prospective courses in way of inputing the criteria by user. So, the final process, the user will get a list of institution recommendations based on the criteria input.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjunan, N. K. ◽  
Moncy Edward

The use of the internet has expanded incredibly across the world over the last few years. The internet provides remote access to others and abundant information in all areas of interest. However, maladaptive use of the internet has resulted in impairment of the individual’s psychological well-being, academic failure and reduced work performance (Koet al., 2009; Fisher, 2010., Christakis, 2010; Chou et al., 2005; Young, 1998; Morahan& Schumacher, 2000; Scherer, 1997). Cao et al. (2007) reported internet addiction disorder (IAD) as one of the common mental health problems amongst Chinese adolescents which is currently becoming more and more serious.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
The-Community-Informatics-Community . .

Effective use of the Internet will benefit everyone. Currently the benefits of the Internet are distributed unequally: some people gain power, wealth and influence from using the Internet while others struggle for basic access. In our vision, people in their communities and everywhere - including the poor and marginalized in developing and developed countries, women and youth, indigenous peoples, older persons, those with disabilities -- will use the Internet to develop and exercise their civic intelligence and work together to address collective challenges.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Ludwig ◽  
Alexander Hepp ◽  
Michaela Brunner ◽  
Johanna Baehr

Trust and security of microelectronic systems are a major driver for game-changing trends like autonomous driving or the internet of things. These trends are endangered by threats like soft- and hardware attacks or IP tampering -- wherein often hardware reverse engineering (RE) is involved for efficient attack planning. The constant publication of new RE-related scenarios and countermeasures renders a profound rating of these extremely difficult. Researchers and practitioners have no tools or framework which aid a common, consistent classification of these scenarios. In this work, this rating framework is introduced: the common reverse engineering scoring system (CRESS). The framework allows a general classification of published settings and renders them comparable. We introduce three metrics: exploitability, impact, and a timestamp. For these metrics, attributes are defined which allow a granular assessment of RE on the one hand, and attack requirements, consequences, and potential remediation strategies on the other. The system is demonstrated in detail via five case studies and common implications are discussed. We anticipate CRESS to evaluate possible vulnerabilities and to safeguard targets more proactively.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Razia Sulthana A ◽  
Subburaj Ramasamy

The Internet has facilitated the growth of recommendation system owing to the ease of sharing customer experiences online. It is a challenging task to summarize and streamline the online textual reviews. In this paper, we propose a new framework called Fuzzy based contextual recommendation system. For classification of customer reviews we extract the information from the reviews based on the context given by users. We use text mining techniques to tag the review and extract context. Then we find out the relationship between the contexts from the ontological database. We incorporate fuzzy based semantic analyzer to find the relationship between the review and the context when they are not found therein. The sentence based classification predicts the relevant reviews, whereas the fuzzy based context method predicts the relevant instances among the relevant reviews. Textual analysis is carried out with the combination of association rules and ontology mining. The relationship between review and their context is compared using the semantic analyzer which is based on the fuzzy rules.


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