Printable Prosthetics

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Prosthetic Limbs ◽

The Status ◽

New Material ◽

<p>The practice of fitting and making prosthetic limbs using current techniques leaves little room for innovative research and design. Though market leaders are consistently producing more advanced components, prosthetic technicians are using traditional techniques to fabricate prosthetic limbs. New material and design technologies could enable progressive solutions to historic barriers such as fabrication time and cost. Increasing the amputee’s accessibility to, and enjoyment of exercise may help to advocate and improve their physical and mental health. Design research was used to develop a functional 3D printed swimming prosthesis for lower limb amputees with the use of 3D scanning, parametric software and Fused Deposition Modelling. Using digital technologies has the potential to provide a platform for cost effective specialty prosthetic limbs, enabling and enriching recreational sport for amputees. Prototypes were developed with a unilateral trans-tibial amputee using an iterative process involving material testing and user testing. These prototypes allowed him to walk independently to the pool and produced positive effects on his swimming, including a recreated anthropometric symmetry. As advances in data collection and additive manufacturing continue to be made we will be able to more closely cater to the individual’s needs whilst challenging the status quo in prosthesis craft.</p>

FDM 3D printing method utility assessment in small RC aircraft design

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology ◽

10.1108/aeat-07-2018-0189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (6) ◽

pp. 865-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Igor Skawiński ◽

Tomasz Goetzendorf-Grabowski

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Aircraft Design ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Thin Wall ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Content Type ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Wall Structures ◽

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of manufacturing fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printed structures such as wings or fuselages for small remote control (RC) air craft and mini unmaned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Design/methodology/approach Material tests, design assumptions and calculations were verified by designing and manufacturing a small radio-controlled motor-glider using as many printed parts as possible and performing test flights. Findings It is possible to create an aircraft with good flight characteristics using FDM 3D printed parts. Current level of technology allows for reasonably fast manufacturing of 3D printed aircraft with good reliability and high success ratio of prints; however, only some of the materials are suitable for printing thin wall structures such as wings. Practical implications The paper proves that apart from currently popular small RC aircraft structural materials such as composites, wood and foam, there is also printed plastic. Moreover, 3D printing is highly competitive in some aspects such as first unit production time or production cost. Originality/value The presented manufacturing technique can be useful for quick and cost-effective creating scale prototypes of the aircraft for performing test flights.

Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of CuSn10 Bronze Parts: Production and Characterization

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11111774 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1774

Author(s):

Ahmet Çağrı Kılınç ◽

Ali Aydın Goktasş ◽

Özgür Yasin Keskin ◽

Serhan Köktaş

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

3D Printed ◽

Part Density ◽

Printing Speed

The interest in producing cost-effective 3D printed metallic materials is increasing day by day. One of these methods, which has gained much attention recently, is the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method. The parameters used in the FDM method have significant effects on the printed part properties. In this study, CuSn10 bronze alloy was successfully produced. The printing speed and layer thickness were investigated as the printing process parameters, and their effect on morphological properties was characterized by using SEM. As a result, it was observed that the formation of printing-induced voids was prevented by applying a layer thickness of 0.2 mm. Additionally, by increasing printing speed, a slight decrease in product density was observed. Following determination of 3D printing parameters which give the highest printed part density, the parts were debound in hexane solution via solvent debinding. Finally, the parts were sintered at 850, 875 and 900 °C for 5 h to examine effect of sintering temperature on density, porosity, shape deformation and mechanical properties. Although partial slumping started to form over 875 °C, the highest density (94.19% of theoretical density) and strength (212 ± 17.72 MPa) were obtained by using 900 °C as the sintering temperature.

Multiple variable effects in the customisation of fused deposition modelling 3D-printed medicines: A design of experiments (DoE) approach

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 597 ◽

pp. 120331

Author(s):

Juliana dos Santos ◽

Monique Deon ◽

Guilherme Silveira da Silva ◽

Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Keyword(s):

Design Of Experiments ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Multiple Variable ◽

Effects of Rice Straw Powder (RSP) Size and Pretreatment on Properties of FDM 3D-Printed RSP/Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3234

Author(s):

Wangwang Yu ◽

Lili Dong ◽

Wen Lei ◽

Yuhan Zhou ◽

Yongzhe Pu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Fused Deposition Modeling ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Interfacial Compatibility ◽

To develop a new kind of environment-friendly composite filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing, rice straw powder (RSP)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were FDM-3D-printed, and the effects of the particle size and pretreatment of RSP on the properties of RSP/PLA biocomposites were investigated. The results indicated that the 120-mesh RSP/PLA biocomposites (named 120#RSP/PLA) showed better performance than RSP/PLA biocomposites prepared with other RSP sizes. Infrared results showed that pretreatment of RSP by different methods was successful, and scanning electron microscopy indicated that composites prepared after pretreatment exhibited good interfacial compatibility due to a preferable binding force between fiber and matrix. When RSP was synergistically pretreated by alkaline and ultrasound, the composite exhibited a high tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of 58.59, 568.68, 90.32, and 3218.12 MPa, respectively, reflecting an increase of 31.19%, 16.48%, 18.75%, and 25.27%, respectively, compared with unmodified 120#RSP/PLA. Pretreatment of RSP also improved the thermal stability and hydrophobic properties, while reducing the water absorption of 120#RSP/PLA. This work is believed to provide highlights of the development of cost-effective biocomposite filaments and improvement of the properties of FDM parts.

Influence of the Infill Geometry of 3D-Printed Tablets on Drug Dissolution

Medical Sciences Forum ◽

10.3390/msf2021005015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Nuno Venâncio ◽

Gabriela G. Pereira ◽

João F. Pinto ◽

Ana I. Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Drug Dissolution ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

3D Printed ◽

Dimensional Printing ◽

Hot Melt ◽

Patient Centric

Patient-centric therapy is especially important in pediatrics and may be attained by three-dimensional printing. Filaments containing 30% w/w of theophylline were produced by hot-melt extrusion and printed using fused deposition modelling to produce tablets. Here, preliminary results evaluating the effect of infill geometry (cross, star, grid) on drug content and release are reported.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

Investigations of process parameters during dissolution studies of drug loaded 3D printed tablets

10.1177/0954411921993582 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095441192199358

Author(s):

Varun Sharma ◽

Khaja Moinuddin Shaik ◽

Archita Choudhury ◽

Pramod Kumar ◽

Prateek Kala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dissolution Rate ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Empirical Relation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Rate Of Dissolution ◽

3D Printed ◽

Percentage Release

The present research paper attempts to study the effect of different process parameters on the dissolution rate during 3D printed tablets. Three-dimensional printing has the potential of serving tailored made tablets to cater personalized drug delivery systems. Fluorescein loaded PVA filaments through impregnation route was used to fabricate tablets based on Taguchi based design of experimentation using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The effect of print speed, infill percentage and layer thickness were analyzed to study the effect on rate of dissolution. Infill percentage followed by print speed were found to be critical parameters affecting dissolution rate. The data analysis provided an insight into the study of interaction among different 3D printing parameters to develop an empirical relation for percentage release of the drug in human body.

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid parts

Materials Testing ◽

10.1515/mt-2020-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

Pulkin Gupta ◽

Sudha Kumari ◽

Abhishek Gupta ◽

Ankit Kumar Sinha ◽

Prashant Jindal

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Heat Treatment ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Recrystallization Temperature ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Dog Bone ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Maximum Decrease ◽

Abstract Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-by-layer manufacturing process type of 3D-printing (3DP). Significant variation in the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens is observed because of varied process parameters and interfacial bonding between consecutive layers. This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strength of FDM 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) parts with constant 3DP parameters and ambient conditions. To meet the objectives, 7 sets, each containing 5 dog-bone shaped samples, were fabricated from commercially available PLA filament. Each set was subjected to heat treatment at a particular temperature for 1 h and cooled in the furnace itself, while one set was left un-treated. The temperature for heat treatment (Th) varied from 30 °C to 130 °C with increments of 10 °C. The heat-treated samples were characterized under tensile loading of 400 N and mechanical properties like Young’s modulus (E), Strain % ( ε ) and Stiffness (k) were evaluated. On comparing the mechanical properties of heat-treated samples to un-treated samples, significant improvements were observed. Heat treatment also altered the geometries of the samples. Mechanical properties improved by 4.88 % to 10.26 % with the maximum being at Th of 110 °C and below recrystallization temperature (Tr) of 65 °C. Deformations also decreased significantly at higher temperatures above 100 °C, by a maximum of 36.06 %. The dimensions of samples showed a maximum decrease of 1.08 % in Tr range and a maximum decrease of 0.31 % in weight at the same temperature. This study aims to benefit the society by establishing suitable Th to recover the lost strength in PLA based FDM 3D printed parts.

Strength Comparison of FDM 3D Printed PLA Made by Different Manufacturers

TEM Journal ◽

10.18421/tem93-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 966-970

Author(s):

Damir Hodžić ◽

Adi Pandžić ◽

Ismar Hajro ◽

Petar Tasić

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Manufacturing Technique ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

3D Printed ◽

The Difference ◽

Printing Parameters

Widely used additive manufacturing technique for plastic materials is Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The FDM technology has gained interest in industry for a wide range of applications, especially today when large number of different materials on the market are available. There are many different manufacturers for the same FDM material where the difference in price goes up to 50%. This experimental study investigates possible difference in strength of the 3D printed PLA material of five different manufacturers. All specimens are 3D printed on Ultimaker S5 printer with the same printing parameters, and they are all the same colour.

3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13091524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1524

Author(s):

Sadikalmahdi Abdella ◽

Souha H. Youssef ◽

Franklin Afinjuomo ◽

Yunmei Song ◽

Paris Fouladian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Future Directions ◽

Digital Light Processing ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Printing Technique ◽

3D Printed ◽

Semi Solid ◽

Selection Of

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.