scholarly journals Assessment of the Spatial Distribution of Mechanical Properties of the Tissue of Anterior Abdominal Wall at Maximum Functional Load

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
R. B. Lysenko ◽  
◽  
V. I. Lіakhovskyi ◽  
V. R. Lysenko

The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes in the mechanical properties of the anterior abdominal wall at maximum functional loads. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 112 volunteers aged 18 to 49 years old who were examined and treated in the surgical department of the Medical Diagnostic and Treatment Center "Medion" Poltava for the period from June 2020 to May 2021. There were 60 women (53.6 %), and 52 (46.4%) men. Volunteers were divided into 2 groups: the main group (n=58), which underwent the analysis of movement and deformation changes of the anterior abdominal wall during maximal abdominal inflation during the examination, and the control group (n=54), which were operated laparoscopically due to the schedule. Results and discussion. The results of the study showed the following changes in the mechanical properties of the tissues of the anterior abdominal wall: the average deformation in the longitudinal direction was 6% in the main group and 12% in the control one; deformations in the transverse direction were 3% in the main group and 8% in the control group; deformation in the longitudinal direction exceeded the deformation in the transverse by 38-54% (on average by 46%); the area of the anterior abdominal wall in the main group increased by 10%, and in the control one – by 22% (on average by 16%). During the studies, the anterior abdominal wall underwent greater stresses in the transverse orientation than in the longitudinal one (anisotropy coefficient ~2). The Young's modulus of anterior abdominal wall in the sagittal plane is defined as 23.5±2.6 kPa, while in the transverse – 42.5±7.0 kPa. The mechanical properties of human anterior abdominal wall tissues differed along and across the white line of the abdomen: the modulus of elasticity of anterior abdominal wall tissues, with the same force of impact, in the longitudinal direction is less than the transverse average of 44% (p >0.05). That is, the longitudinal stiffness of the anterior abdominal wall is lower than the transverse one. The maximum strength of the anterior abdominal wall is across the white line of the abdomen, and the greatest elasticity – along. The anterior abdominal wall in women showed increased elasticity compared to men, while the stiffness of the anterior abdominal wall tissue in men in both directions was statistically significantly higher than in women (p >0.05). Conclusion. Reconstruction of the spatial distribution of the mechanical properties of anterior abdominal wall tissues according to the nature of their deformation at maximum functional loads provides an additional opportunity to assess the biomechanics of anterior abdominal wall. The mechanical properties of the musculo-aponeurotic structures of anterior abdominal wall in humans differ in the longitudinal and transverse directions. They have the greatest elasticity in the longitudinal direction, and the maximum rigidity and strength in the transverse direction. The strength of the anterior abdominal wall tissue in men is higher, and the elasticity is less than in women. Changes in the mechanical anisotropic characteristics of anterior abdominal wall tissues at maximum functional loads should be taken into account when performing the anterior abdominal wall alloplasty technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Sergej V. Ivanov ◽  
Ilya S. Ivanov ◽  
Evgenij G. Obyedkov ◽  
Liliya P. Popova

Aim. To study the influence of deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves on the type of exudative discharge and dynamics of inflammatory reaction after hernia repair with plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with hernioendoprosthesis of polypropylene. Materials and Methods. The study involved 59 patients being on stationary treatment in the surgical department of Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital. Patients were hospitalized for the herniation of small or medium dimension. The patients were divided to two groups: the main (n=30) and control (n=29) groups. After endoprosthetics, the patients of the control group were given complex conservative treatment. The patients of the main group, besides standard treatment, were administered deproteinized dialysate from blood of milk-fed calves intravenously in drips 10 ml + 200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution within 7 days. For cytological examination and determination of the type of cytograms, the traumatic discharge was collected and analyzed using the method of M.F. Kamaev and M.A. Palthsev. Results. Cytomorphometric examination was conducted on the third, fifth and seventh day after endoprosthetics with the aim of studying dynamic changes. Determination of cell composition and also of its changes characteristic of each studied period, was necessary for obtaining further information characterizing inflammatory process in the region of placement of the endoprosthesis. After endoprosthetics in patients who were administered hemodialysate, the inflammatory reaction was less pronounced than in patients who did not receive the preparation. This was associated with a more dynamic change of stages of the inflammatory process. In patients of the main group who received deproteinized dialysate, regenerative type of inflammation first appeared on the fifth day and made 6.9%; by the seventh day the share of patients with the regenerative type rose to 17.5%, while in the patients of the control group no regeneration stage was observed in both periods. Conclusion. Analysis of the efficiency of influence of hemodialysate on the inflammatory reaction in plastics of the anterior abdominal wall with polypropylene endoprosthesis evidences faster course of all stages of inflammation and reduction of its intensity by 10%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605-1611
Author(s):  
Orest V. Panchuk ◽  
Yaroslav M. Susak ◽  
Ievgen G. Donets ◽  
Pavlo l. Byck ◽  
Olena F. Panchuk ◽  
...  

The aim: Of work is to determine changes in blood flow in the vessels of the anterior abdominal wall that occur after plastic surgeries in order to improve the results of operations and to develop new methods for the prevention of complications. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 132 patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups: main group 64 and control group 68 patients. Main group has patients who underwent abdominoplasty in combination with liposuction; control group has patients who underwent abdominoplasty without liposuction. In both groups we make different simultaneous operations. Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Ultrasonic Doppler Flowmetry were performed to determine the blood flow indices in the flaps. Results: Liposuction volumes averaged 3.57 ± 0.74 liters of lipoaspirate. In the main group there were totaly 4 complications, in the control group complications developed in 9 patients. Comparing daily indicators between the two groups, no statistically significant difference in the dynamics of MI changes was found during the entire study period (p = 0.767). Increase in caliber of vessels, on average, from 1.55 ± 0.8 mm in the preoperative period to 1.68 ± 0.75 mm on the 14th day of the postoperative period was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The combination of abdominoplasty with liposuction and simultaneous operations does not lead to greater development of complications and allows to achieve good aesthetic results.


2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Izmaylov ◽  
S V Dobrokvashin ◽  
D E Volkov ◽  
V A Pyrkov ◽  
R F Zakirov ◽  
...  

AIM. To improve treatment results of patients with ligature fistulas of the anterior abdominal wall by the development of pyo-inflammatory wound complications diagnosis and prevention methods.METHODS. During the period from the beginning of 2001 to June, 2015, 34 patients with a ligature fistulas of the anterior abdominal wall were admitted to the Department of Surgery of Hospital for War Veterans, Kazan. Terms of ligature fistula occurrence ranged from 3 months to 5.5 years after surgery. 7 (20.6%) patients previously underwent herniotomy, 20 (58.8%) - laparotomy for various acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity, 2 (5.9%) - appendectomy, 5 (14.7%) - pelvic organs surgery. The patients mean age was 59±4.5 years. Patients were divided into two groups: the first - the comparison group, 23 (67.6%) patients. In this group suturing was performed with polypropylene or absorbable suture filaments, wound debridement was performed by the conventional technique using different antiseptics types: 0.5% chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine bigluconate) and 3% hydrogen peroxide solutions. The second group - the main one, included 11 (32.4%) patients. In this group polyglycolide-co-lactide (purple), USP 2/0 (3 Matric) 75 cm with the atraumatic tip suture materials were used and the wound debridement was performed with 10% aqueous hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidin (xymedon) solution using a device developed by us.RESULTS. The postoperative pyo-inflammatory complications rate in the control group was 17.4% (4 cases), in the main group - 9.1% (1 case); thereby infiltrates were registered in 3 patients of comparison group and in 1 patient of main group, seroma - in 1 patient of comparison group. Monoculture was isolated in microbiological assay of material from the surgical wounds in 86% of patients. Staphylococci, enterobacteria and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria were detected most often. Our results of microbiological assays point to the need for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.CONCLUSION. The infectious wound complications rate when using conventional methods of anterior abdominal wall ligature fistulas prevention and treatment is 17.4%, which makes it relevant to search for new methods of treatment and wound surface debridement; the author’s technique offered by us allowed to significantly reduce the wound complications rate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Lazarenko ◽  
Sergey V. Ivanov ◽  
Tatyana A. Pankrusheva ◽  
Ilya S. Ivanov ◽  
Evgeny G. Ob’edkov ◽  
...  

Introduction: Applying a coating on hernia endoprosthesis prevents recurrent anterior abdominal wall hernias, reduces inflammatory response and stimulates reparative processes in the area of its implantation. The aim of investigation was to study the effect of Solcoseryl and Vitamin C in a collagen-stimulating coating of hernioendoprosthesis on a morphological picture in anterior abdominal wall plastic surgery. Materials and methods: The study was performed on 180 laboratory mice divided into three groups of 60 animals each: the first group animals were implanted with polypropylene endoprostheses without a collagen-stimulating coating, the second group animals – polypropylene endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating with Vitamin C, and the third group animals – polypropylene endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating with Solcoseryl. The laboratory animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 10th, 30th, 60th, and 90th days. The excised sections of the abdominal wall were stained with G+E to determine the nature of inflammation and the number of cell elements. Results and discussion: When using endoprostheses with a collagen-stimulating coating, the stages of inflammatory process proceeded more quickly, which was confirmed by a reliable (р ≤ 0.05) decrease in the number of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes at all stages of the study. By the 90th day of the experiment, the number of fibroblasts in the control group was by 22.64% less than in the study groups with a coating. Conclusion: A cytological and histological analysis in the control group determined a consistent decrease in an exudative phase of inflammatory reaction. When using endoprosthesis with coatings, its acceleration and lower intensity was noted throughout the study. In the group with Solcoseryl, the formation of a dense connective capsule around the endoprosthesis indicates its quality and better adaptation of the endoprosthesis in body tissues.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Vladislav Sergeevich Rakintsev ◽  
Anatolii Vladimirovich Yurasov

Introduction. The paper focuses on technical features of endoscopic extraperitoneal reconstruction (EER) of the anterior abdominal wall in patients with primary median hernias combined with diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles, the nuances of the operating room equipment and preparation of patients for intervention.The aim of the study was to analyze the stages and features of the technique for performing endoscopic extraperitoneal reconstruction of the anterior abdominal wall to ensure safe and qualified implementation of the operation in clinical practice.Materials and methods. This research was a prospective study including 45 clinical cases of patients with primary median hernias of the anterior abdominal wall combined with diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles, who were exposed to endoscopic extraperitoneal reconstruction. The study was performed in the surgical department of the private healthcare facility "Central Clinical Hospital Russian Railways-Medicine" in 2019-2020. The median follow-up was 14 months (8 - 18 months), there were no complications estimated higher than type I according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and relapses.Results and discussion. Successful EER requires thorough preoperative preparation: to connect a second monitor; to distance anesthetic equipment; to ensure the patient is in an extension position in the lumbar segment of the spinal column; to identify principle anatomical landmarks under ultrasound control. The main two stages of EER - mobilization and reconstruction - are performed extraperitoneally in a confined space, and therefore the localization of the ports must be anatomically validated. The major point at the stage of mobilization is to maintain the integrity of the parietal peritoneum, this solves visualization problems and helps to work in the required layer of the anterior abdominal wall. Adherence to the principles of open surgery, namely, orientation of the needle holder at an angle close to 0 to the suture line (white line), and the needles at a right angle; maintaining working angles between the instruments 30-60, - allows effectively performing the reconstructive stage.Conclusion. Thus, a topographic-anatomically based approach to each stage of the operation and adherence to a set of features of the surgical technique allows safely and effectively applying EER for the treatment of patients with primary midline hernias and diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles.


2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Marykutty ◽  
G. Mathew ◽  
Sabu Thomas

Abstract The concept of double networks, which impart chain orientation to elastomers, is a rather new idea. Double networks were induced in natural rubber vulcanizates cured with different accelerator systems. Double networked natural rubber with different extensions cured with N-cyclohexyl benzothiazyl sulphenamide (CBS) and 1-phenyl 5-ortho -tolyl 2,4 dithiobiuret was studied and the effect of extension on the mechanical properties and swelling was analyzed. The extent of chain orientation was analyzed through anisotropic swelling studies. The modulus, tensile strength and tear strength showed an increase with increased residual extension ratio. The effect was more predominant in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction. The ultimate tensile elongation showed a slight deterioration. It was revealed that the formation of double networks with higher residual extension ratios restricted the entry of the solvent. Based on the studies it was concluded that residual extension has a profound effect in determining the final properties of vulcanizates.


2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 829-832
Author(s):  
Joon Hyung Byun ◽  
Kyeong Sik Min ◽  
Yeun Ho Yu ◽  
Moon Kwang Um ◽  
Sang Kwan Lee

This study describes a method of good dispersion and alignment of VGCFs, and examines the effect of nanofiber content on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites. The dispersion of nanofibers was carried out by solution blending, mechanical mixing, and sonication. Levels of 4% – 31% volume content of VGCFs were mixed with polypropylene (PP) powder, and then were melt-mixed using a twin-screw extruder. For the further alignment of fibers, extruded rods were stacked in the mold cavity for the compression molding. In the case of 31% volume content, tensile modulus and strength improved by 100% and 40%, and the flexural modulus and strength increased by 120% and 25%, respectively. The shear modulus showed 65% increase, but the strength dropped sharply by 40%. In the transverse direction, the tensile, flexural, and shear strength decreased as more fibers were added. The matrix modification by maleic anhydride (MAPP) increased the tensile and flexural properties of VGCF/PP by 20% - 30% in the longitudinal direction, and 40% - 250% increase in the transverse direction. The fiber surface treatment by plasma improved tensile and flexural properties of untreated VGCF/PP (18 % vol) composites by 10% - 30% in the longitudinal direction, but strength in the transverse direction decreased by 30% - 40%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
I.N. Demiter ◽  
S.I. Vorotintsev ◽  
O.S. Dolya

Background. Postoperative delirium is one of the most common complications after surgery in elderly patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of different techniques of regional analgesia on the incidence of postoperative delirium and the level of cognitive impairment in elderly patients. Materials and methods. A single-center prospective study consistently included 70 elderly patients who underwent emergency abdominal surgery. Depending on the method of perioperative anesthesia, all patients were divided into two basic groups: control (n = 30) and research (n = 40), where one of the perioperative techniques of regional analgesia was used — blockade of the anterior abdominal wall (subgroup AA, n = 20) or epidural analgesia (subgroup EA, n = 20). Results. The initial cognitive status of patients in subgroup EA did not differ significantly from the same indicator in the control group and amounted to 3.0 [3.0; 4.0] points. Subsequently, it gradually improved, reaching 4.0 [3.0; 5.0] (p = 0.04) points on the fifth postoperative day. The cognitive status of patients in the AA subgroup before surgery was slightly better (4.0 [3.0; 4.5] points), but also did not differ significantly from that either in the control group or the EA subgroup. As it turned out, the patients of both subgroups had even better cognitive functioning on the 5th day than before surgery (p ˂ 0.05). This improvement is mostly due to the cessation of an important factor influencing cognitive status — pain. Conclusions. In elderly patients after emergency surgery with epidural analgesia, the incidence of postoperative delirium is 5 %, and when using the anterior abdominal wall blockade — 10 %. The cognitive function of patients received regional postoperative analgesia is restored on the third day after surgery and improves on the fifth postoperative day (p < 0.05).


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1018
Author(s):  
Tatiana Osipok ◽  
◽  
Semen Zaides ◽  

The purpose of the article is to establish experimentally the effect of material inhomogeneity on the characteristics of strength ( σ в, σ 0.2) and plasticity (δ) on example of a rolled steel sheet. Uniaxial tensile testing was carried out on flat samples of hot-rolled sheet made of St3 alloy cut in three directions relative to rolling: along, across and at the angle of 450. The heterogeneity of structure was established by studying the fracture surface of the destroyed samples after tensile testing. A metallographic research and micromechanical testing (measurement of microhardness) of sections parallel to the fracture surface were carried out as well. The uniaxial tensile testing of flat samples resulted in obtaining the values of the characteristics of strength ( σ в, σ 0.2) and plasticity (δ). The analysis of fracture patterns, microstructure and microhardness values of the material allowed to reveal the structural heterogeneity caused by the presence of fibrousness and a banded ferrite-pearlite structure oriented along the deformation direction. The formation reason of the latter was the presence of oriented non-metallic inclusions - elongated plastic sulfides. The study determined that the material under investigation features the anisotropy of mechanical properties and structural heterogeneity. The values of the ultimate strength ( σ в) and yield strength ( σ 0.2) decrease from the longitudinal direction to the transverse direction (relative to the rolling direction) and vice versa (from the transverse to longitudinal direction) in the first case probably due to the influence of non-metallic inclusions (plastic sulfides) and, as a result, the banded ferrite-pearlite structure; in the second case due to the influence of fiber direction. The values of the relative elongation (δ) decrease from the longitudinal direction to the direction at an angle of 450 and then increase to the transverse direction as a result of different hardening of the material during plastic deformation. This is proved by the obtained microhardness values of the investigated sections and the values of the maximum applied loads during the tensile test. The obtained values are obviously the result of the influence of fiber orientation relative to the existing maximum tensile stresses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
E E Lukoyanychev ◽  
S G Izmaylov ◽  
A A Mironov ◽  
A G Izmaylov ◽  
A A Bodrov ◽  
...  

Aim. To study the effect of pyrimidine medication hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine on the systemic inflammation after prosthetic repair of the anterior abdominal wall hernia. Methods. We prospectively analyzed two groups of patients aged between 18 and 80 years, who underwent prosthetic repair of the aponeurosis defect in the anterior abdominal wall hernia with a standard polypropylene mesh implant. The main group (n=16) was given 0.5 g hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine per os 3 times a day before meals for 57 days from the first day after the operation. In the control group (n=16), patients received basic therapy without hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine. Results. The postoperative period in patients after elective prosthetic hernioplasty of anterior abdominal wall was associated with an imbalance of the immune system with a tendency to lymphocytopenia (count in blood changed by 27.0%; p=0.20, Wilcoxon criterion) without significant leukocytopenia (count in blood changed by 4.9%; p=1.00, Wilcoxon criterion) and an 82.8% increase in C-reactive protein content (p=0.2, Wilcoxon criterion) compared to baseline values before the surgery. The proposed pharmacological support of prosthetic hernioplasty of the anterior abdominal wall with hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine allowed to correct the postoperative lymphocytopenia (p=0.04, U-criterion) and reduce the concentration of C-reactive protein by 223.6% (p=0.03, U-criterion) compared with the control, which was also associated with a decrease in the number of local complications of prosthetic hernioplasty. Conclusion. The use of hydroxyethyldimethyldihydropyrimidine in patients after prosthetic hernioplasty is associated with a significant decrease in the C-reactive protein level, prevention of postoperative lymphocytopenia and a decrease in the number of local wound complications; C-reactive protein level can serve as one of the early and significant indicators of postoperative complications in this category of patients.


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