scholarly journals Change of Embryotoxic Effects of Metal Citrates Depending on the Duration of Their Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
I. I. Kolosova ◽  
◽  
L. Yu. Bogomolna ◽  
G. Yu. Chriss ◽  
N. N. Tereshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Cadmium Compounds ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Embryotoxic Effects ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Post Implantation

Given the increase in cadmium in the environment (air, soil, water) through modern industrial processes, the absorption of significant amounts from cigarette smoke is relevant to studying the effect of cadmium compounds on embryogenesis. The purpose of the study: experimental study and comparison of embryolethality and embryotoxicity of metal citrates depending on the duration of their intragastric administration (during 13 and 20 days of gestation). Materials and methods. The study was performed on 120 white adult female Wistar rats that weigh 170-200 g. They were divided into 6 groups due to the intragastric administration of solutions of the studied metals – rats treated with citrates: cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg – 1st group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 166); cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and cerium (1.3 mg/kg) – 2nd group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 185); cadmium in a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and germanium (0.1 mg/kg) – 3rd group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 184); cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and zinc (1.5 mg/kg) – 4th group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 179); cadmium at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg and nanocomposite (iodine + sulfur + selenium) at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg – 5th group (nfemale = 20, nemb = 180), 6th group – control (nfemale = 20, nemb = 212) – proportional volume of sterile saline in the same way. Females were divided into 2 subgroups of 10 animals each, depending on the duration of administration of test substances. The embryotoxic and embryolethal effects of the test substances were evaluated according to generally accepted criteria, which were calculated according to well-known formulas. Results and discussion. Cadmium compounds harm the embryogenesis of rats in the experimental groups and increase the rates of embryolethality. The most pronounced differences in these parameters concerning the control were found in animals with isolated exposure to cadmium citrate: the rates of total embryonic mortality increased by 4.0 times in both study periods of embryogenesis and 20% from the 13th to the 20th day; increased pre-implantation mortality by 6.0 times with an increase in post-implantation mortality by 3 times on the 13th day and by 15.0 times and 2.8 times on the 20th day of embryogenesis, respectively. Depending on the duration of introduction, the indicators of pre-implantation mortality increased by 25.0% with an increase in post-implantation mortality by 22.2% in the same period. The experimental group of exposure to cadmium citrate at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg recorded the lowest indicators of the number of live fetuses and intrauterine survival with the highest resorption rate studied of embryonic development. At the same time, in the groups of combined exposure to cadmium citrate with metal citrates, a decrease in the indicators of total embryonic mortality was 50.0% - 30.0%, pre-implantation mortality – 50.0% - 25.0%, post-implantation mortality – 60.0% - 44.4 % and increase in the number of fetuses per female – 12.7% - 25.3%. Conclusion. Analysis of the results shows a pronounced embryotoxic effect of cadmium citrate at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg on the processes of embryogenesis, which is a significant increase in overall embryonic mortality, preimplantation, and postimplantation mortality compared with the control group in all studied terms. In the groups of combined action of cadmium citrate with metal citrates, the data obtained indicate a decrease in the accumulation of cadmium under the influence of the studied citrates, which allows them to be considered as potential bioantagonists of cadmium citrate

scholarly journals Experimental Estimation of Embryotoxic Risks of Cadmium Chloride with Isolated Administration and in Combination with Salts of Citrate and Nanocomposite on its Basis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
I. I. Kolosova ◽  
◽  
E. G. Slesarenko ◽  
Yu. P. Myasoyed ◽  
R. V. Kovtunenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Living Organisms

Cadmium compounds that enter living organisms pose the potential for serious health effects as they exhibit mutagenic, carcinogenic, gonadotoxic, teratogenic, allergenic and embryotoxic effects. It is important to study the mechanisms of their toxic effect on embryonic development and structural and functional formation of organs of living organisms and to search for their bioantogonists. The purpose of the study was to highlight the results of intragastric administration of cadmium chloride (1.0 mg/kg) with isolated administration and in combination with metal citrates (cerium, germanium, zinc, and nanocomposite (iodine + sulfur + selenium citrates)) on the overall course of rat embryogenesis. Materials and methods. For the study, young female Wistar rats weighing 170-200 g were used. They were divided into 6 groups, depending on the test substances, which they received from the 1st to the 19th day of gestation. Results and discussion. The analysis of the results of the experimental study showed the negative effect of cadmium chloride on the analyzed indicators of embryogenesis (preimplantation mortality, postimplantation mortality, total embryonic mortality), indicators of intrauterine survival, morphological (anatomical) malformations, as well as general delay in fetal development), both on the 13th and 20th days of pregnancy relative to the control group. In particular, the indicators of total embryonic mortality significantly increased by 4.2 times (13th day) and 3.7 times (20th day), with significant increase preimplantation mortality by 6.5 times, postimplantation mortality by 3.0 times on the 13th day of embryonic development, and on the 20th day, the preimplantation mortality indicator was by 14.0 times higher (p <0.01), and the postimplantation mortality indicator was insignificantly by 2.5 times higher than the control group. In the groups of the combined effect of cadmium chloride with metal citrates, there was a proven decrease in the indicators of total embryonic mortality (18.18% - 38.10%), preimplantation mortality (21.43% - 53.85%), postimplantation mortality (20.0% - 66.7%), an increase in the number of fetuses per female (12.66% -36.0%). Conclusion. In groups of the combined effect of cadmium chloride with metal citrates, the obtained data indicate a decrease in the accumulation of cadmium under the influence of the studied citrates, which allows them to be considered as potential bioantagonists of cadmium chloride

scholarly journals Дослідження ембріотоксичної дії препарату для зовнішнього використання «Мазь для ран» на лабораторних тваринах

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (78) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
R.N. Sachuk
Keyword(s):  
Group Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
External Examination ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Embryotoxic Effects ◽  
Post Implantation

The results of experiments showed one of the aspects of the application safety of the new preparation «Ointment for Wounds», which is intended for external use to bovine cattle, horses, sheep, goats, swine, fur-bearing animals, rabbits, dogs and cats. The preparation formula includes essential oils of Siberian Cedar, Eucalyptus, Tea Tree, Cedar, Clove, and chlorophyllipt oil solution. Pre-clinical trial of the «Ointment for Wounds» were carried out on pregnant rats, through repeated dermal application in the period from the 1st to the 19th day of pregnancy, and it did not cause toxic effects on animals. At the autopsy post-mortem examination of the rats on the 20th day of pregnancy, the quantity of yellow bodies in the ovaries, the implantation and resorption sites in the uterus, the number of live and dead fetuses were estimated. It was defined that the gestation course in control and experimental groups of animals did not differ significantly. The pre-implantation and total embryonic mortality in the experimental group (intervention group) of rats for which «Ointment for Wounds», was used dermally proved to be lower than that of the control group, respectively, by 16.3% and 10.2%. Post-implantation mortality exceeded by 7.0% the similar indicator of the control group. Morphometry of embryos did not reveal the growth retardation of the fetuses. During the external examination, significant visible development anomalies (deformities) of the fetuses extracted from the uterus have not been observed. During the external examination, significant visible development anomalies (deformities) of the fetuses extracted from the uterus have not been observed. Investigation of the fetuses’ internal organs did not reveal defects in their development, as well as defects in the development of the bone system have not been established, that suggests that this preparation does not cause a violation in the osteogenesis processes.The skin application of «Ointment for Wounds» to rats in a dose of 0.5 g/kg in the studied period of pregnancy effects neither on the number of newborns, nor the percentage of stillborns. Parturation of the experimental does took place, as a rule, at the 23rd day of pregnancy, as well as in control group. Consequently, the drug does not cause embryotoxic effects, does not affect the parameters of preimplantation, post-implantation, general embryonic mortality and postnatal development of offspring. Further research will focus on clinical trials of the preparation in the treatment of hyperkeratosis of the dams of the cow dummy. 

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus plantarum NJAU-01 in an animal model of aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Ge ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Donglei Jiang ◽  
Hai Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Sterile Saline

Abstract Background Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause serious damage to the human body and may cause various chronic diseases. Studies have found that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have antioxidant and anti-aging effects, and are important resources for the development of microbial antioxidants. This paper was to explore the potential role of an antioxidant strain, Lactobacillus plantarum NJAU-01 screened from traditional dry-cured meat product Jinhua Ham in regulating D-galactose-induced subacute senescence of mice. A total of 48 specific pathogen free Kun Ming mice (SPF KM mice) were randomly allocated into 6 groups: control group with sterile saline injection, aging group with subcutaneously injection of D-galactose, treatments groups with injection of D-galactose and intragastric administration of 107, 108, and 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum NJAU-01, and positive control group with injection of D-galactose and intragastric administration of 1 mg/mL Vitamin C. Results The results showed that the treatment group of L. plantarum NJAU-01 at 109 CFU/mL showed higher total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) than those of the other groups in serum, heart and liver. In contrast, the content of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) showed lower levels than the other groups (P < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity was improved with the supplement of the increasing concentration of L. plantarum NJAU-01. Conclusions Thus, this study demonstrates that L. plantarum NJAU-01 can alleviate oxidative stress by increasing the activities of enzymes involved in oxidation resistance and decreasing level of lipid oxidation in mice.

scholarly journals Masticatory Function and Maturation of the Jaw-Opening Reflex

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidsanu Changsiripun ◽  
Tadachika Yabushita ◽  
Kunimichi Soma
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Masticatory Function ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Jaw Opening Reflex ◽  
Anterior Belly ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that alteration in masticatory function due to liquid-diet feeding during growth does not affect jaw-opening reflex (JOR) maturation. Materials and Methods: Soon after weaning, 70 female Wistar rats were divided into two equal groups and fed either solid (control group) or liquid (experimental group) diets. At 5, 9, and 13 weeks, the rats were anesthetized and the JOR was recorded in the anterior belly of the digastric muscles as evoked by a low-intensity electrical stimulation of the left inferior alveolar nerve. Results: There were similar tendencies at each recording age. Peak-to-peak amplitude of the JOR was significantly smaller, and the latency was significantly longer in the experimental group, although the duration was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: These data suggest that long-term masticatory functional change due to liquid-diet feeding during growth may impede the learning for JOR maturation, and thus may affect the masticatory performance in the adult.

Reduction in Bacterial Loading Using 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate as an Irrigant in Pulpectomized Primary Teeth: A Preliminary Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Ruiz-Esparza ◽  
A Garrocho-Rangel ◽  
AM Gonzalez-Amaro ◽  
H Flores-Reyes ◽  
AJ Pozos-Guillen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction in bacterial loading using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate as an irrigating solution in pulpectomized primary teeth. Study design: A randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed that included primary teeth with pulp necrosis. Forty necrotic teeth were included, 20 irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (experimental group) and 20 with sterile saline solution (control group); in all cases, 2 microbiological samples from within the canals were taken with sterile paper points, the first after the canal opening and before the first irrigation, and the second after instrumentation and final irrigation, before filling. All samples were evaluated by McFarland's scale. Results: The results were statistically analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test. After analyzing samples before and after irrigation in the control group (saline), we found a significant decrease of bacterial load (P &lt;0.0002). The same occurred in the chlorhexidine group samples (P &lt;0.0001). When both groups were compared postirrigation,a statistically significant difference was observed in favor of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate.Conclusion: Two percent chlorhexidine gluconate showed a greater reduction of intracanal bacterial loading compared with that observed with sterile saline solution. This irrigating solution is suggested as an alternative for pulpectomy of necrotic primary teeth.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CUMULATIVE PROPERTIES OF THE COMPLEX TOOL Z-88

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
V.G. Sofronov ◽  
◽  
Z.F. Aukhadieva ◽  
F.A. Medetkhanov ◽  
M.I. Gilemkhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

This present work is devoted to the study of cumulative properties of the complex means Z-88. The studies were carried out on intact mongrel laboratory rats that had previously passed quarantine measures for 12 days. Two equivalent groups were created. The animals of the experimental group were injected intramuscularly in the thigh area with Z-88, and the control group was similarly injected with 0.9% sterile sodium chloride solution. On the first day of the experiment, the rats were injected with test drugs at a dose of 0.5 ml per animal, which was 1/10 of the maximum volume used in experiments to determine the parameters of acute toxicity. Both Z-88 and sterile saline solution were administered once a day throughout the experiment. Z-88 was administered once a day throughout the experiment. Starting from the fifth day, in every subsequent four days, the dose of the drug was increased by 1.5 times. The duration of the experiment was 24 days. During the experimental period of visible changes on the part of the studied indicators.

scholarly journals Effect of zafirlukast on capsular contracture around silicone implants in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika Malheiros Bastos ◽  
Miguel Sabino Neto ◽  
Élvio Bueno Garcia ◽  
Daniela Francescato Veiga ◽  
Yuri Anna Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Contracture ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Silicone Implants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Group I ◽  
Physiological Saline Solution ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Experimental Group

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of zafirlukast on capsular contracture around silicone implants by measuring the pressure within the implant, using a rat experimental model. METHODS: Forty adult female Wistar rats were used. Each one received two silicone implants, one with smooth-surface and the other with textured-surface. They were randomly divided into four groups (n=10). The rats of control group I were sacrificed after the implants. The remaining animals were subjected to a daily regimen of intra-peritoneal injection for a period of 90 days and they were distributed as follows: control group II received 0.9% physiological saline solution; experimental group I received zafirlukast 1.25 mg/kg; and experimental group II received zafirlukast 5 mg/kg. The measurement of intra-implant pressure of control group I was determined on the surgery day and in other groups on the ninetieth day, after being sacrificed. RESULTS: In the evaluation of textured implants there was an increase of internal pressure in the control group II, and there was no increase in the experimental groups. Compared to the controls there were not significant differences in smooth implants. CONCLUSION: Zafirlukast reduced the risk of developing capsular contracture around silicone implants with textured surface.

Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes in hepatocytes of alcohol-fed rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1100-1101
Author(s):  
D.C. Dominguez ◽  
J.T. Ellzey
Keyword(s):  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Numerical Density ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Paired Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Liver Peroxisomes ◽  
Single Lesion

Peroxisomes which participate in 1ipid metabolism have been shown to be altered in several metabolic disorders and toxic conditions. In alcoholic liver disease, the single lesion most frequently found is lipid accumu1ation in hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms for this 1ipid accumu1ation are not clear. The occurrence of modifications of liver peroxisomes due to excess alcohol consumption has not been subjected to a controlled study. We utilized a combination of cytochemica1 and morphometrictechniques to study the size and number of liver peroxisomes in rats fed an alcohol-supplemented diet compared to those of matched-paired control animals.Male Sprague-Daw1ey rats (400-500 g) received a liquid diet. The experimental group (N = 5/group) was fed a diet containing 30% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) and the control group was fed an isocaloric diet to 30% EDC. A pair feeding procedure was employed to control for caloric intake. Small pieces of liver randomly selected, were fixed in 2.3% -glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, incubated in a DAB medium and postfixed with. 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide. EM photographs were taken from sections of 3 tissue blocks from each sample (7,200X) with a Zeiss EM10-A (60 kV). With the use of a point counting method and a digital planimeter the volume density (Vv) and numerical density (Nv) were determined.

Values and intergroup perceptions of East Germans and West Germans in 1998 1This research was supported by a grant from the German Research Society (We 1106/3-1).

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Jörg Doll ◽  
Michael Dick
Keyword(s):  
Research Society ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The West ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
German Research ◽  
East German ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
East West

The studies reported here focus on similarities and dissimilarities between the terminal value hierarchies ( Rokeach, 1973 ) ascribed to different groups ( Schwartz & Struch, 1990 ). In Study 1, n = 65 East Germans and n = 110 West Germans mutually assess the respective ingroup and outgroup. In this intra-German comparison the West Germans, with a mean intraindividual correlation of rho = 0.609, perceive a significantly greater East-West similarity between the group-related value hierarchies than the East Germans, with a mean rho = 0.400. Study 2 gives East German subjects either a Swiss (n = 58) or Polish (n = 59) frame of reference in the comparison between the categories German and East German. Whereas the Swiss frame of reference should arouse a need for uniqueness, the Polish frame of reference should arouse a need for similarity. In accordance with expectations, the Swiss frame of reference significantly reduces the correlative similarity between German and East German from a mean rho = 0.703 in a control group (n = 59) to a mean rho = 0.518 in the experimental group. Contrary to expectations, the Polish frame of reference does not lead to an increase in perceived similarity (mean rho = 0.712).

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

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