scholarly journals Forensic Analysis of Wild Toxic and Edible Amanita Mushrooms by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Amanita Pantherina ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

For many years, the foraging and consumption of wild mushrooms has been practised in different parts of the world. Despite having various health benefits, few mushroom species are known for causing toxicity as well. In forensic casework conditions, samples from mushroom poisoning cases can be found in dried or powdered form. So, it becomes necessary to characterize mushroom species for identification purposes. In the present study, volatile fractions of five wild toxic and edible Amanita mushroom species (Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina, Amanita caesarea, Amanita subglobosa and Amanita porphyria) were analyzed so as to identify compounds for the characterization of selected mushroom species. The obtained volatile fractions were broadly classified into various chemical classes: alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, nitrogen-containing compounds, ketones and miscellaneous. The following compounds; octadecanoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid (z)-, ethane, 1-chloro-1-fluoro- were the most abundant. The present approach utilizing GC-MS, intends to obtain a fingerprint of each sample for discrimination purposes. Also, this work is the first study on the forensic analysis of methanol-soluble components of Amanita mushroom species from the North-Western Himalaya, India.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Producing Bacillus licheniformis Strains Isolated from Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 2363-2370
Author(s):  
Anhar Al-Turk ◽  
Nidal Odat ◽  
Muhannad I. Massadeh
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Currently, there is an increase prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. Therefore, the need for characterization of naturally occuring antibiotics with less antibiotic resistance is required. Soil resources contains valuable antibiotic producing microorganisms that increasingly being utilized for the production of suitable antibiotics. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying an antibiotic bacteria with ability of producing antibiotic that is isolated from soil samples collected from Al Zarqa provenance, an arid area in Jordan. Morphological and biochemical characterization of the isolates were carried out and found that all of the isolates belong to Bacillus genus. Further confirmation of the characterization of the bacteria was done by ribosomal RNA and PCR. The results reveal that the isolates represent Basilluslicheniformis. These bacilli were further investigated for antimicrobial activities against 6 ATCC human pathogens viz., S. aureus, S. pneumonia, Salmonella typhi., E. coli, P. mirabels and E. cloacae. Additionally, the results of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) of ethyl acetate extracts for B. licheniformis secondary metabolites showed that they contain two main antimicrobial compounds namely Pyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrazine-1, 4-dione,hexahydro and Trans-13-octadecenoic acid. The present work maybe suggests that soil isolates from the studied arid area include antibiotic producing strains that can be utilized commercially.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bioactive Sesquiterpenes, Organic Acids and Their Derivatives from the Leaves of Psidium guajava Linn

2014 ◽  
pp. 456-467
Author(s):  
Okenwa U. Igwe ◽  
T. Abii
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

The isopropanolic extract of the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn was analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fourteen different phytochemical compounds have been characterized, including 1, 3, 3-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo [2.2.2] octane, (2.06%), 4, 11, 11-trimethyl-bicyclo [7.2.0] undec-4-ene (6.26%), (E,E,E)-2, 6, 6, 9-tetramethyl-1, 4, 8-cycloundecatriene (1.05%), eudesma-4(14),11-diene (5.07%), guaia-1(10), 11-diene (4.63%), 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatriene-3-ol(4.01%), 1,3-dimethyl-8-(1-methylethyl)-tricyclo [4.4.0.0(2,7)] dec-3-ene (1.66%), 1, 1, 4, 7-tetramethyl-decahydro-1H-cycloprop[e] azulen-4-ol (11.00%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (1.53%), 4, 4, 8-trimethyltricyclo [6.3.1.0(1,5)] dodecane-2, 9-diol (2.78%), L-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate (20.43%), 7-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (3.81%), 3, 7, 11, 15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (2.24%) and 9-octadecenoic acid (33.47%). The presence of these bioactive compounds in the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn could be the reason behind its use for the treatment of diseases and infections in herbal medicine in Nigeria.  

scholarly journals Metabolic Profiling and Antibacterial Assessment of Calotropis procera extract against Streptococcus group B

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Keyword(s):  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Group B ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolites

Calotropis procera is shrub of Asclepiadaceae family and is a source of antimicrobial metabolites against a greater range of bacteria including Streptococcus Group B (SGB). In the present study, different metabolic compounds were extracted from C. procera using 75% methanol. The extract of C. procera was assessed against different bacteria of the SGB family by estimating the zone of inhibition. Moreover, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of different concentrations e.g., 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/mL were determined through zone of inhibition. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of plant extract revealed 24 compounds. The most important compounds of the GC-MS array were including undecane, terephthalic acid, Cyclohexane, dimethyl-propane-thiosulfinate, Fluorobenzoic acid Octadecenoic acid and others. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts were might be because of their compound which had been reported previously as well as an antimicrobial compound. The molecular characterization of different bacteria of SGB used in the study revealed the bacteria were consisted of antibiotic resistant genes against.

scholarly journals Characterization of secondary metabolites in kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
S Zulfina ◽  
M A N Fathoni ◽  
R Poerwanto ◽  
D D Matra
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Type Analysis ◽  
Tetradecanoic Acid ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Abstract Indonesia is a high biodiversity country for underutilized fruits. Indonesian underutilized fruits contain several beneficial functional foods that are very useful for human health. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolites found in Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi). Fruit sampling was carried out in Hulu Sungai Selatan and Banjar, South Kalimantan. Five types of Kasturi mango were used, namely Kasturi, Pinari, Palipisan, Cuban, and Rawa-rawa, which included aril and rind. The results of this research showed that there are specific compounds in each type. Analysis of secondary metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in Kasturi aril showed that specific compounds were obtained in the Kasturi type, such as 13-tetradecenal ethyl elaidate, spinacene, and (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.-ol. The Rawa-rawa type contained specific compounds such as tetradecanoic acid and cis-vaccenic acid. Analysis of secondary metabolites with GC-MS in Kasturi rind showed that the Kasturi type contained specific compounds, such as distearil phosphite and 13-octadecenoic acid. The Rawa-rawa type contained specific compounds such as docosane and triacontyl acetate. Based on, characterization of secondary metabolites using GC-MS, Kasturi mango showed the high variation of secondary metabolites among their types.

scholarly journals Rapid and Visual Identification of Chlorophyllum molybdites With Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhao ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Enjing Tian ◽  
Wenjie Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Mushroom Poisoning ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification

Chlorophyllum molybdites is a kind of common poisonous mushroom in China that is widely distributed in different areas. Food poisoning caused by accidentally eating C. molybdites has become more frequent in recent years. In 2019, there were 55 food poisoning incidents caused by eating this mushroom in China. Mushroom poisoning continues to be a common health issue of global concern. When mushroom poisoning occurs, an effective, simple, and rapid detection method is required for accurate clinical treatment or forensic analysis. For the first time, we established a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the visual detection of C. molybdites. A set of specific LAMP primers was designed, and the specificity was confirmed against 43 different mushroom species. The LAMP method could detect as low as 1 pg of genomic DNA. Boiled mushrooms and artificial gastric-digested mushroom samples were prepared to test the applicability of the method, and the results showed that as low as 1% C. molybdites in boiled and digested samples could be successfully detected. The LAMP method can also be completed within 45 min, and the reaction results could be directly observed based on a color change under daylight by the naked eye. Therefore, the LAMP assay established in this study provides an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and low-cost method for the detection of C. molybdites.

Molecular Characterization of Novel Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV3) in Pig Populations in the North of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Giap ◽  
Chung Hee Chun ◽  
Huynh Thi My Le ◽  
Cao Thi Bich Phuong ◽  
Vu Thi Ngoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
The North ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3

Characterization of drug interferences caused by coelution of substances in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmation of targeted drugs in full-scan and selected-ion monitoring modes

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Wu ◽  
D Ostheimer ◽  
M Cremese ◽  
E Forte ◽  
D Hill
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Targeted Drugs ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
Full Scan ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Abstract Interference by substances coeluting with targeted drugs is a general problem for gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of urine. To characterize these interferences, we examined human urine samples containing benzoylecgonine and fluconazole, and other drug combinations including deuterated internal standards that coelute (ISd,c) with target drugs, by selected-ion monitoring (SIM) and full-scan mass spectrometry. We show that, by SIM analysis, detecting the presence of an interferent is dependent on the specific IS used for the assay. When an ISd,c is used, the presence of another coeluting substance (interferent) suggests that the intensity of IS ions is substantially diminished, because the interferent affects both the ISd,c and target drug. When a noncoeluting IS (ISnc) is used, the interferent cannot be discerned unless it coincidently contains one or more of the ions monitored for either the target drug or ISnc. Under full-scan analysis, a coeluting interferent is directly discernable by examining the total ion gas chromatogram.

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