scholarly journals Economic analysis of mushroom enterprise in Chitwan district, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-415
Author(s):  
Ranju Acharya ◽  
Ujjwal Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

The majority of the population (66%) in-country “Nepal” are engaged in agriculture. However, domestic production finds it difficult to meet the annual demand of the people. Hence, people are moving from subsistence agriculture to embrace mushroom farming. This study focuses on economic analysis and analysis of the present status of mushroom farming and enterprise in this country. The study was conducted in the land area of Kalika Municipality and Bharatpur Metropolitan City. 30 mushroom farmers with two huts and at least three years of experience were selected from the study area. The primary data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the farmers, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII). The secondary data was collected through various published articles and documents. The data analysis was done using basic statistics and a regression function. The benefit-cost ratio is 2.54 and a high gross margin is NRs.490,876.65 per kattha per year. The return to scale (RTS) is 0.80. Five marketing channels are present among which wholesalers and local collectors contributed the highest percentage of the share. However, the dominance of the intermediaries, timely unavailability of inputs, price fluctuation, disease and pest infestation were the major constraints. Disease and pest control, formation of the producer organization, improvised cultivation practices, timely and affordable availability of quality can be the major solution measures. Whereas, suitable climatic conditions, high productivity and growing market demand are the strengths of mushroom production in this study area. Mushroom farming is found to be a profitable business concerning competitive and comparative markets. 

scholarly journals Benefit Cost Analysis of Different Rice Varieties in Kapilvastu District, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Sundar Sapkota ◽  
Sanjib Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Benefit Cost

Rice is an annual plant belongs to family Poaceae. It is the major staple food crop of Nepal and can be grown from plain to mountainous regions of Nepal. The crop varieties differ from each other in terms of production cost, gross return and gross margin. The objective of this study was to analyze benefit cost ratio for production of different rice varieties. The study was carried out in Kapilvastu district of Nepal in 2018. A sample size of 120 respondents were selected randomly. Four different rice varieties: Gorakhnath, Radha-4, Ramdhan, and Sawa were used for the study. The primary data were collected through household survey using interview schedule. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Microsoft Excel. The average cost of production was amounted to NRs. 77,100/ha for all four rice varieties. Sawa variety had the highest gross return (NRs. 1,01,212.5/ha). The benefit cost ratio was observed highest for Sawa (1.312) and lowest for Radha-4 variety (1.005). Sawa is the most economic rice variety in terms of gross and net production in the study area. The findings will help farmers to choose and cultivate rice variety with greater profitability. It is recommended that concerned authorities should give emphasis on subsidies, farmers training and ensuring floor price of rice.  Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 222-226

scholarly journals STUDI KELAYAKAN EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN UNDERPASS PADA SIMPANG JL. GATOT SUBROTO-JL. AHMAD YANI DI KOTA DENPASAR

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Sarasdevi Santosa ◽  
P. Alit Suthanaya ◽  
I B. Rai Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
The City

Abstract : Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Bali in 2013, the population density in the Metropolitan area SARBAGITA (Denpasar-Badung-Gianyar-Tabanan) was 1.057 inhabitants/km2 with an area of 1.753,63 km2 and population was 1.853.017 inhabitants. Availability of facilities and adequate transportation infrastructure is needed, but in fact the performance of roads in the city center has declined. It is characterized by an increase in travel delay problem. Traffic delay problems in the City of Denpasar commonly occur on the stretch of Gatot Subroto street. To minimize the existing problems, Denpasar City Government plans to develop an underpass at the intersection of Gatot Subroto street and Ahmad Yani street. The aim of this study was to analyze the direct benefits of underpass for road users, to analyze the costs necessary to realize and operate the underpass, and to analyze the economic feasibility of the underpass development investment. Based on primary data and secondary data were obtained from government agencies, the method of analysis in this study used the technique of Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Economic analysis conducted in this study used three criteria (NPV, BCR and IRR) with three interest rates (12%, 15% and 18% per year) stating that the construction of an underpass was economically feasible. For example in the second scenario where the interest rate 15% gain on the analysis of value NPV, BCR and IRR respectively is Rp. 233.462.340.102,00; 1,948 and 30,81%. Suggestions can be submitted from this research is the need to contemplate the effect of changes in land use in areas close to the area around the underpass and needed further study that takes into account the needs of additional traffic lanes.

scholarly journals Analisis Investasi Usahatani Pembibitan Sapi Peranakan Limousine di Kabupaten Sleman

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Shanti Emawati ◽  
Rini Widiati ◽  
I Gede Suparta Budisatria
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio

<p><em>The research was conducted to determine the feasibility of financial investment on  Limousine cattle farming. Research was done from January to May 2007, located in Sleman District. Survey methods was done to collect primary data at the farm level and secondary data from related institution. Purposive sampling was applied to sellect farmers’ respondent. Criteria used to analyze the feasibility of financial investment were consisted of Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PPC), based on 7 years investment and 12% annual discount factor. The result showed that based on NPV, IRR, BCR and payback period analysis, the most feasible investment of Limousine cattle breeding farm under farmers’ condition with the value of NPV = </em><em>Rp 11.900.156,00, IRR = 32,64%, BCR = 1,74 and payback period = 3,25 years. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords : Limousine cattle, Cattle breeding farm, Investment financial analysis</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Analysis of alternative selection for vertical clearance design under Tabalong Bridge of PT Adaro Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Diean Oktavian Regar ◽  
Aqli Mursadin
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Bcr Method ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
National Road ◽  
Alternative Designs

PT Adaro Indonesia is trying to adjust a vertical clearance under Tabalong Bridge 1 (unloaded) and Tabalong Bridge 2 (loaded) because the existing conditions still apply a minimum vertical clearance of 4 m. I t should be in accordance with latest Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 19/PRT/M/2011 that for vertical clearance above national road at least 5.1 m. This specification has not been met by the national road under the Tabalong 1 & 2 Bridges bec ause both bridges were built in the 90s. Therefore we need an engineering technique to overcome this. There are 2 alternative designs, namely lowering the elevation of the national road and increasing the elevation of the bridge's upper structure to mitiga te oversized vehicles so as not to hit the lower structure of the Tabalong bridge. In determining the selection of the best alternative designs in this research is based on two (2) things, non financial criteria with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and financial criteria with Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)/Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) method. This study uses a survey method by distributing questionnaires and interviews as a means of collecting primary data. In addition, previous research and consultant DED documents were used as a means of collecting secondary data. The AHP method is used to process primary data to produce a decision from a non financial aspect. While the LCC/BCR method is used to process secondary data to produce a decision from the financi al aspect . The results of the AHP analysis obtained that the synthesis value of the decision the option of lowering national roads was 85% and the bridge lifting option was 15% and the consistency ratio (CR) was 0.05 < 0.1. The consistency ratio below 0.1 shows that the questionnaire data from the respondents are consistent. The results of the analysis of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) obtained the option of lowering national roads where the LCC value is Rp. 44,877,651,669.27 more economical than the bridge lifting option. Then the results of the Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) analysis obtained the option of lowering national roads with a BCR value of 2.33 > 1 and NPV = Rp. 43,442,264,804.34 > 1 means that the option lowering national roads is feasible. While the bridge li fting option is obtained by analyzing the value of BCR = 0.98 < 1 and NPV = option is not feasible to implement.

scholarly journals Production of Sonali chicken in selected areas of Gazipur district - an economic study

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
MT Uddin ◽  
SJ Mitu ◽  
IA Begum
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study attempts to conduct an economic analysis and resource use efficiency for Sonali chicken production covering five villages of Sadar Upazila under Gazipur district. Primary data were collected from 60 purposively selected Sonali chicken rearers for this study. Descriptive and functional analysis were employed to achieve the objectives of the study. The major findings of the study are that total cost for 1000 birds were estimated at Tk. 120613 per batch. Average gross margin and average net returns for 1000 birds was calculated at Tk. 57240 and Tk. 52059 per batch. An average gross return for 1000 birds was estimated at Tk. 172672 per batch. Benefit cost ratio was found 1.4 for Sonali chicken production. Labour, veterinary and medicine and electricity cost had positive and significant impact on Sonali chicken production. Resource use efficiency was calculated by the ratio of marginal value product and marginal factor cost. Finally, the study also identified some of the major problems associated with Sonali chicken farming and suggested some possible steps for overcoming these problems.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19386 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 56-61

Economic analysis of fish processing and marketing in Ogun Waterside Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
O. J. Olaoye ◽  
D. A. Adegbite ◽  
E. O. Oluwalana ◽  
S. S. Ashley- Dejo ◽  
O. A. Adelaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Ogun State

This study examined the economic analysis of fish processing and marketing in Ogun Waterside Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria using structured, validated and pre-tested interview schedules to collect primary data from one hundred and thirteen respondents. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics, access to productive resources and constraints faced by fish processors while budgetary analysis was used to determine profitability. The result reveals that 99.0% of the respondents were females, 57.4% were within their active economic age group (41 - 50 years), about 50.0% were educated and 82.3% were married. The scale of operation was on small scale level. The result of the budgetary analysis show that average total cost of N53,530.08 was incurred, average total revenue of N58,340.71 was realized and a returning gross margin of N37,088.44. The profitability ratio gave a benefit-cost ratio of 1.089 and expense structure ratio of 0.0603. This is an indication that fish processing business is profitable and viable in the study area. Despite the high profitability of the business, fish processors identified lack of collateral security for bank loan (96.5%), erratic power supply (92.0%) and lack of modern fish processing facilities (43.4%) as their most prevailing problems. With this high level of profitability and viability in fish processing and marketing, it is recommended that Government, cooperative societies, private bodies and non-governmental organizations should provide basic amenities such as storage facilities, electricity, transportation facilities and modern fish processing facilities in other to boost fish production in Nigeria as well as single digit Bank loan with civil servants as guarantors as means of collateral security.

scholarly journals Economics of Turmeric Production in Sri Lanka: An Empirical Analysis in Major Turmeric Growing Districts

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
A. A. S. L. Abeynayaka ◽  
A. M. K. R. Bandara ◽  
A. I. Y. Lankapura ◽  
P. R. Idamekorala
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Constraint Analysis ◽  
Planting Materials

Aims: Turmeric occupies a prominent position among the commercially grown spices in Sri Lanka. However, due to various constraints the performance of turmeric production is not to the expected level. The present study attempts to determine the economics of turmeric cultivation and the problems perceived by the growers related to production and marketing of turmeric. Study Design:  Multistage sampling design. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the major turmeric growing administrative districts in Sri Lanka namely Kurunegala, Kegalle, and Kandy during the year 2016-2017. Methodology: Both primary data, mainly from a field survey, and secondary data were utilized in the study. Descriptive statistical methods, seasonal price index, coefficient of variation of price, financial and constraint analysis techniques were used in data analysis. Results: The average Benefit Cost Ratio of 2.08 and higher net returns indicate that turmeric production was found to be a profitable venture in the study area. The results indicated the existence of higher price variations of turmeric in the study area between the harvest and the lean periods. Moreover, seasonality of turmeric production was identified as a main cause of variation in price of fresh turmeric. The results of the constraint analysis revealed that lack of knowledge on proper agricultural practices, non-availability of labor, price volatility and shortage of quality planting materials were the top four constraints perceived by the farmers. Conclusion: The results of this investigation show that the turmeric production is profitable in the study area, and suggest to offer frequent training and awareness campaigns for all the turmeric growers to facilitate the use of improved cultivation practices.

scholarly journals Yield estimation and profitability of cotton production in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Samuel Adeoti ◽  
◽  
Adedamola Ajayi ◽  
Moses Agunbiade ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Cotton Farmers

The study estimated the yield and profitability of cotton production in northern Nigeria. Primary data were used for the study using a well-structured questionnaire and experimental plots. Data were collected on the cost of inputs, price and quantity of output as well as constraints facing the enterprise. Crop cut experiment was used to estimate the yield per hectare during a given cultivation cycle. The budgetary technique was used to estimate cost and returns to cotton production and Likert scale was used to identify and rank the constraints facing the enterprise. Random Sampling was employed to select eleven cotton farmers from Anka, Maru and Talata-mafara Local Government Areas to have a sum of thirty-three respondents from which one respondent from each of the three local governments volunteered to host the experimental plot for the crop cut. These selections were done based on their prominence in cotton production. The average estimated quantity of the three plots located in the three local government gives an estimated value of 1183 kg/ha. The study showed that cotton production is profitable with a gross margin of ₦40 while the profit index and benefit-cost ratio were 0.12 and 1.13 respectively. Major constraints facing the production of cotton were insufficient funding, poor/unstable pricing, high cost of inputs, policy summersault, poor linkage with off-takers and pest and diseases. This study recommends that governments at all levels should provide loans with no or very low interest for the farmers to solve the problem of funds and put in place policy measures aimed at regulating the price of cotton to establish a good marketing system. There is a need for research institutes to develop more high yielding cotton seeds for cotton farmers to increase yield for more profit. Cotton farmers need to be introduced to new techniques and innovations for maximum output, hence a need for more extension services. Keywords: Cotton production, crop cut experiment, profitability.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA KERAJINAN KALIGRAFI KULIT KAMBING DI KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Shanti Emawati ◽  
Endang Siti Rahayu ◽  
Sutrisna Hadi Purnomo ◽  
Ayu Intan Sari ◽  
Endang Tri Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

The  research  was  conducted  to  determine  the  feasibility  of  financial  on SMEs  calligraphy  goat  leather  in  Sukoharjo  District.  Research  was  done  from January 6 to March 26, 2015 in located in  Sukoharjo District. Survey methods was done  to  collect  primary  data  from  respondents  and  secondary  data  from  related institution. Census method was applied to sellect respondents. Criteria used to analyze the feasibility of financial on  SMEs calligraphy goat leather  were consisted of Benefit Cost  Ratio  (BCR),  Net  Present  Value  (NPV),  Internal  Rate  of  Return  (IRR)  and Payback Period (PPC), based on 6 years investment and 12% annual discount factor. The  result  showed  that  based  on  NPV,  IRR,  BCR  and  payback  period  analysis,  the most feasible of respondents was achieved on scale of 3 with value of  NPV =  Rp. 434,852,752.00, IRR = 37.93%, BCR = 1.92,  followed by on scale of 2 with value of NPV = Rp. 76,481,554.00, IRR = 22.51%, BCR = 1.37 and on scale of 1 with value of NPV  =  Rp.  34,883,505.00,  IRR  =  20.41%  dan  BCR  =  1.28.  In  term  of  payback period, respondents who had SMEs calligraphy goat leather on scale of 3 were able to return the investment during  2.39  years while on scale of 2 and on scale of 1 were 3.72 and 3.79 years, respectively.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FINANSIAL PETERNAKAN AYAM PETELUR SUROSO FARM DESA BAKALAN KECAMATAN POLOKARTO KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO

MEDIAGRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andhyka Wahyu Pambudi ◽  
Agus Setiadi ◽  
Warsono Sarengat
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Layer Chicken ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research were to know level of profit, capability of getting profit, capability of return investment, time capability of return investment, capability to know ratio of getting profit from production cost on Suroso Farm of layer chicken. The data which to be analyzed was primary data taken from interview and secondary data taken from institution. This research use kind of type financial analyzed Return On Investment (ROI), Payback Periode (PP), dan Benefit Cost Ratio (BC Ratio). The result of analyzed show rate of population Suroso Farm 35.870, ROI 68%, PP value to return investment 1 year and BC ratio 2,6. That means this company Suroso Farm is feasible to be going on and profitable. Keywords: ROI, PP, BC ratio.

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