scholarly journals Sensação térmica urbana em área residencial planejada no município de Santarém – Pará, Amazônia, Brasil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1333
Author(s):  
Gedinara Paiva dos Santos ◽  
Rodolfo Maduro Almeida ◽  
Elton Raniere Da Silva Moura ◽  
Leidiane Leão Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
15 A 18 ◽  
The City

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar as variáveis microclimáticas, percepção e sensação térmica urbana de habitantes de um residencial planejado para famílias de baixa renda, na cidade de Santarém- Pará. Foi coletado dados de temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento, além de aplicações de formulários pré-estabelecidos. O experimento ocorreu no dia 15 de agosto de 2018, em um transecto com sete pontos no residencial. Foram aplicados formulários em área interna (casas) e externa no total de 115 formulários, para uma população com idade de 15 a 60 anos. Com as informações microclimáticas do local foram calculados os índices de Temperatura e Umidade, de Temperatura e Umidade modificado e Temperatura Efetiva em função do Vento, os quais foram correlacionados com as sensações subjetivas da população do local. Os resultados indicam que o índice de Temperatura Efetiva em função do Vento foi o mais compatível com a sensação e a percepção pessoal dos entrevistados. Ficou bem evidente o desconforto térmico sentido pela população, entre o período de 12 a 15 h na área externa e 15 a 18 h na área interna (casas). A temperatura de brilho no recorte do residencial Salvação houve um aumento gradativo da temperatura de 27 a 30°C ao longo do transecto, em comparação com uma área de ocupação à frente, é possível verificar as maiores temperatura com 33°C. Sugerimos um planejamento urbano que incluam casas com padrões arquitetônicos compatíveis com o clima da região, principalmente que levem consideração o conforto ambiental para os cidadãos de menor poder aquisitivo. Além da criação de parques públicos com vegetação e áreas de passeio público com arborização adequada, para amenizar o microclima local desses bairros.   Urban thermal sensation in planned residential area in the municipality of Santarém – Pará, Amazônia, Brasil   R E S U M OThe objective of this research was to evaluate the microclimatic variables, perception and urban thermal sensation of residents of a residential area planned for low income families in the city of Santarém-Pará. It was collected from data of temperature, relative air humidity and wind speed, in addition to pre-set application applications. The experiment occurred on August 15, 2018, in a transect with seven points in the residential. Forms were applied in internal area (houses) and external in the total of 115 forms, for a population aged 15 to 60 years. With the microclimatic information of the place were calculated the Temperature and Humidity, Temperature and Humidity modified and Temperature Effective as a function of the Wind, which were correlated with the subjective sensations of the local population. The results indicate that the Effective Temperature index as a function of the Wind was the most compatible with the sensation and the personal perception of the interviewees. It was very evident the thermal discomfort felt by the population, between the period of 12 to 15 h in the external area and 15 to 18 h in the internal area (houses). The brightness temperature in the residential trim cutout there is a gradual increase in temperature from 27 to 30 ° C along the transect, compared to a forward occupancy area, it is possible to check the highest temperature at 33 ° C.Keywords: Thermal Comfort, Planned area, Urban climate.

First Policy, Then Action: A Co-Production Approach to Understand the Application of Urban Climate Knowledge in Land Use Planning

2019 ◽  
Vol 06 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
Mariana Barreto Alfonso Fragomeni ◽  
Jennifer L. Rice ◽  
Rosanna G. Rivero ◽  
J. Marshall Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Climate Knowledge ◽  
Heat Response ◽  
The City

Barriers to the application of climate science in land use planning are often understood as a problem related to perceived disciplinary knowledge gaps. This paper argues that, instead, limitations to the application of knowledge are not strictly linked to transference, but are also attributed to the thought processes that planners use to understand and use information. This study uses an interactional co-production framework from Science and Technology Studies (STS) to explore these processes in the context of heat response planning in Chatham County, Georgia, in the United States: a coastal county exposed to hot and humid conditions that render its population, particularly its growing elderly and low-income, vulnerable to heat health risks. We specifically focus on the processes used by planners during a heat response planning workshop, exploring the discussions and actions taken to develop a plan. We attempt to answer the following questions: What are the processes used by planners to respond to climatic issues such as heat vulnerability? How do these processes determine the application of the scientific knowledge produced? How does this process enable or limit the use of climate knowledge in decision making at the city scale? This paper argues that planners engage in three steps to determine the applicability of climate knowledge to urban planning: (1) using their own experiences to contextualize and visualize the information in their community, (2) being extremely cautious about the use of information because of a fear of failure, and (3) asking for specific policies to be in place to justify and legitimate actions and promote projects throughout the city. Using these insights, this paper concludes with some thoughts on how climate knowledge might be better integrated into urban planning.

scholarly journals Selected Socioeconomic Characteristics of Waste Collector Children in Dhaka City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Saeed Hossain ◽  
Md. Mahmudul Alam ◽  
Niaz Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The City

Generally in the city areas of developing countries, children from the poor and low income families are involved in a range of risky, unhealthy, and environmentally hazardous economic activities and trades. One of these common activities concerns collecting recyclable waste form the street or landfill areas. To understand the socioeconomic characteristics of these waste collector children, this study collected data from fifty children who engaged in waste collection in the landfill of Matuail in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The data were collected by questionnaire guide, and the samples were selected based on convenient random sampling. This study analyses the socioeconomic conditions of these waste collector children by focussing on such characteristics as their demographic profile, economic affiliation, and nature of the waste collection task. This empirical study may inform and illuminate the relevant policy makers and field activists in widening their understanding of the life and living of this vulnerable group.

STUDIES IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Kannarkat P. Verghese ◽  
Roland B. Scott ◽  
Gertrude Teixeira ◽  
Angella D. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Low Income ◽  
North American ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The City

Physical measurements were obtained from 2,632 healthy North American Negro children of low income families. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 17 years. Comparison with similar studies revealed the height and weight of the Negro children to be similar to those of North American Caucasian children. However, the head circumference and stem length were found to be consistently smaller than Caucasian children. At 1 year of age the weight, head, and chest circumferences of Negro infants of this study were significantly smaller than the same measurements previously reported for infants of the same race from middle income families in the city. Comparison is also made with studies on Negro children in West Africa and Jamaica.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding and feeding patterns in three birth cohorts in Southern Brazil: trends and differentials

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. s409-s416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Aluisio J. D. Barros ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
The City

Breastfeeding is fundamental for child health. Changes in the duration of breastfeeding are compared for three population-based cohorts of children born in 1982, 1993 and 2004 in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Samples of the 1982 and 1993 children and all of the children from the 2004 cohort study were sought at home when they were aged around 12 months. Both the duration of breastfeeding and the stage at which different kind of foods were regularly introduced were investigated. The median duration of breastfeeding increased from 3.1 to 6.8 months in this period. Exclusive breastfeeding at three months was practically non-existent in 1982 and had reached one third of infants by 2004. The increase was faster after 1993, suggesting an important impact made by promotion activities. Up to about 6-9 months, breastfeeding was more prevalent in high-income families, but after this age it became more common among the poor. Low birth weight babies were breastfeed for shorter durations. The duration of breastfeeding is still far short of international recommendations, justifying further campaigns. Special attention should be given to low birth weight babies and those from low-income families.

scholarly journals Urban planning instruments for promoting social interest housing: from zoning to obligatory percentages in São Paulo, Brazil, in dialog with Bogotá, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Freire Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Urban Restructuring ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

One of the major challenges for urban planning in Latin America is to provide low-income families with housing in areas that have an infrastructure and a good supply of jobs and services, thereby promoting diversity and equity, translated by mixing classes, races and social cohesion. This mission becomes increasingly difficult in a neoliberal capitalist context which transfers the task of providing land and housing for low-income families to the market and where the logic of such actions is based on achieving more rent from land and consequently of the holding of real estate becoming more profitable. This paper sets out to discuss two proposals for urban instruments that dialog with the production of housing through the market and guarantee of the right to the city. The first centered on the reserve of land for the production of social interest housing (HIS, in Portuguese) in the zoning by creating Special Social Interest Housing Zones (ZEIS, in Portuguese), spread throughout Brazil, and described here based on the experience of São Paulo. Or else, comparatively, classifying land to be used as a priority for social housing (vivienda de interés prioritário) widespread in Colombia, and here presented by the Bogota experience. There is another, which already has international experience and has recently been debated in Brazil, which consists of conceiving of the promotion of social interest housing policies based on the regulation of urban restructuring but experiences of this are rare in Brazil. These may be termed as inclusive housing policies. As a result, this article points out that the creation of alternative regulations has set the tone for the market to exclude itself  from producing housing of social interest, and guarantees greater profitability to commercial undertakings. 

Brazil: Celso Garcia, 787 Building Restoration for Social Housing Purposes

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Marcelo Kehdi Gomes Rodrigues ◽  
Adelcke Rossetto Netto
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Housing ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Bank Branch ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Work Cooperative ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Celso Garcia, 787, one of the many derelict buildings in the centre of São Paulo, was converted into housing for 84 low-income families. Members of the ULC popular housing movement occupied the vacant former bank branch and, with technical support from the Integra Interdisciplinary Work Cooperative, converted the building into affordable apartments. The project works toward the reversal of the process of exodus from the city centre, proposing housing alternatives in central areas that have lost part of their population in the last several years yet remain rich in urban infrastructure.

Coordinating Sustainable Landscapes for a Low-income Community

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 558d-558
Author(s):  
Joshua H. Reed ◽  
Mary T. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Community Environments ◽  
Project Objectives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The City of Clemson, along with the National Wildlife Federation, Habitat for Humanity, and Clemson Univ., recently formed a strategic alliance to incorporate ideas for the landscaping of low-income homes. Their goal was to create an aesthetically pleasing, environmentally responsible design that catered to the future development of the families involved. The low-income housing project was selected as an independent study for Spring 1998. As student project manager I coordinated and documented the project. Objectives of the project were: 1) to promote knowledge and research on environmental issues and culturally diverse populations; 2) to create backyard wildlife habitats and sustainable community environments for low income families; 3) to provide students with the opportunity to learn and mature by participating in a long-term project involving a measurable impact. Project steps included analysis, research, design, planning, scheduling, implementation, and reflection on the impact made by those involved. The City of Clemson, along with the others involved, was delighted to be the first to address the issue of enhancing open space around low-income buildings in addition to landscaping the properties surrounding the homes.

scholarly journals Ônus excessivo com o pagamento do aluguel: desigualdade no direito à habitação - Vitória/ES

GeoTextos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Fernandes Muniz ◽  
Tyara Targa Quadra
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Low Pay

<p>O desemprego, a informalidade do trabalho, os baixos salários e o ascendente crescimento dos preços de locação dos imóveis contribuem para ampliar as dificuldades enfrentadas por famílias para manter o pagamento mensal dos aluguéis, o que impacta no componente mais elevado do déficit habitacional: o ônus excessivo. Neste contexto, essa pesquisa busca avaliar e analisar o comprometimento da renda com o pagamento de aluguel para famílias com ganhos até três salários mínimos que residem em 58 bairros do município de Vitória/ES. Para isso, foram comparados dados de renda domiciliar e valores dos aluguéis mínimos e máximos para os bairros pesquisados, tendo como referências as tipologias habitacionais de um quarto e dois quartos. Os resultados demonstram que as famílias de baixa renda, mesmo em áreas periféricas, não podem escolher onde e como morar, havendo bairros e tipologias habitacionais que lhes são inacessíveis.</p><p>Abstract</p><p>EXTREME RESPONSIBILITY WITH PAYMENT OF RENT: INEQUALITY IN THE RIGHT TO HOUSING - VITÓRIA / ES</p><p>Unemployment, informal employment, low pay and rising growth in rental prices for properties contribute to increasing the difficulties faced by families to maintain monthly rent payments, which impacts on the highest component of the housing deficit: extreme responsibility with payment of rent. In this context, this research seeks to evaluate and analyze the commitment of income with the payment of rent for families with earnings of up to three minimum wages living in 58 neighborhoods in the city of Vitória/ES. For this, household income data and minimum and maximum rent values for the neighborhoods surveyed were compared, having as reference the housing types of one bedroom and two bedrooms. the results demonstrate that low-income families, even in peripheral areas, cannot choose where and how to live, with neighborhoods and housing types that are inaccessible.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of total eclipse of the sun in november 12th, 1966 in Bagé (RS), Brazil, on the meteorological parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Luiz Funari ◽  
Paulo Marques Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Total Eclipse ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The City

This work presents the evaluation of the thermal sensitivity index and global radiation during the total eclipse of the sun on November 12th, 1966, in the city of Bagé, RS, Brazil, located in the central line of the totality range of the eclipse. Temperature (oC), relative air humidity (%), cloudiness and wind speed were acquired in the international airport of the city for the calculation of the resultant temperature index by using Missenard’s method (1948). Global radiation data was obtained from Eppley spectral radiometer. The results showed a variation in thermal sensation, due to the decreased global radiation and corresponding decreased temperature and increased relative humidity during the eclipse.

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