scholarly journals Sensoriamento Remoto aplicado na Avaliação do Impacto do Armazenamento da Água de Chuva no Sistema de Drenagem Urbana

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3514
Author(s):  
Camila Oliveira de Britto Salgueiro ◽  
Haylla Rebeka De Albuquerque Lins Leonardo ◽  
Leidjane Maria Maciel de Oliveira ◽  
Sylvana Melo dos Santos

O processo de urbanização, com intensificação no número de construções, resulta na impermeabilização das superfícies na redução da infiltração e do escoamento subterrâneo, e consequente aumento do escoamento superficial. Neste contexto, pesquisadores buscam tecnologias para minimizar tais problemas ambientais, visando a melhoria não só da conjuntura atual, mas também das próximas gerações. Assim, se inserem as tecnologias verdes para mitigação dos problemas ambientais, com destaque para os telhados verdes. Tal cenário de crescimento urbanístico e de problemas ambientais é evidenciado nos grandes centros urbanos, a exemplo do município de Recife-PE, especificamente na Região Político Administrativa RPA2, no bairro de Dois Unidos. Para identificar áreas verdes e urbanizadas, foi empregada a tecnologia do Sensoriamento Remoto com o emprego do Índice de Construção por Diferença Normalizada (NDBI) e, para identificar os pontos baixos das vias e realizar a análise de alagamento foi utilizado o Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) com a geração das curvas de nível. Os resultados indicaram que as duas ações investigadas, telhados verdes e caixas d’água, conjuntamente, foram ineficientes na resolução dos alagamentos e que os custos da adaptação dos telhados para implantação das coberturas verdes foram mais onerosos que a aquisição de caixas d’água de 500 L. Por outro lado, tais ações podem contribuir para a redução das dimensões do projeto de drenagem urbana reduzindo o volume de água pluvial excedente (acima da capacidade de escoamento da sarjeta) em cerca de 45% (de 46.033,30 m3 para 20.902,23 m3).    Remote Sensing applied to the Impact Assessment of Rainwater Storage in the Urban Drainage SystemA B S T R A C TThe urbanization process, with an increase in the number of constructions, results in the waterproofing of surfaces, reducing infiltration and underground runoff, and a consequent increase in surface runoff. In this context, researchers are looking for technologies to minimize such environmental problems, aiming to improve not only the current situation, but also the next generations. Thus, green technologies are included to mitigate environmental problems, with an emphasis on green roofs. Such a scenario of urban growth and environmental problems is evidenced in large urban centers, such as the municipality of Recife-PE, specifically in the Administrative Political Region RPA2, in the neighborhood of Dois Unidos. To identify green and urbanized areas, Remote Sensing technology was used with the use of the Normalized Difference Construction Index (NDBI) and, to identify the low points of the roads and perform the flood analysis, the Digital Elevation Model was used (MDE) with the generation of contour lines. The results indicated that the two actions investigated, green roofs and water tanks, together, were inefficient in resolving the floods and that the costs of adapting the roofs for the implementation of green roofs were more expensive than the purchase of water tanks from 500 L. On the other hand, such actions can contribute to reducing the dimensions of the urban drainage project by reducing the volume of excess rainwater (above the drainage capacity of the gutter) by about 45% (from 46,033.30 m3 to 20,902.23 m3).Keywords: urban drainage, green roof, water tanks.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Ennouri ◽  
Abdelaziz Kallel

Actually, cultivators are increasingly arranging innovative high technical and scientific estimations in the aim to enhance agricultural sustainability, effectiveness, and/or plant health. Innovative farming technologies incorporate biology with smart agriculture: computers and devices exchange with one another autonomously in a structured farm management system. Throughout this structure, smart agriculture can be accomplished; cultivators decrease plantation inputs (pesticides and fertilizers) and increase yields via integrated pest management and/or biological control. The emerging concept of remote sensing may provide a framework to systematically consider these issues of smart farming technology and to embed high-tech agriculture better. The impact(s) may be beneficial depending on how tools, such as data mining, and imagery technologies, such as picture treatment and analysis, are applied. Remote sensing technology is discussed in this review and demonstrates its possibility to create novel opportunities for scientists (and agronomists) to explore aspects of biological phenomena that cannot be accessed through usual mechanisms or processes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-441
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Muntasir ◽  
Curci Gabriele ◽  
Habbani Farouk

Satellite remote detecting instruments have been to a great extent used to evaluate air pollutants on the ground and their impacts on human wellbeing. These instruments play an essential job by assessing emanations and air quality models yield. The study concentrated on the analysis of monthly data for the period January 2003 -December 2016 using remote sensing technology and via satellite data products for NASA's Earth navigation satellite. The tools used are Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrophotometer (MODIS), Multi-angle Imaging Spectrophotometer (MISR), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and the Retrospective Analysis of Modern Times for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2). Sudan is influenced by airborne particles because of its diverse climate systems, which differ from the desert in the north to poor savanna in the center and to rich savanna in the south. The impact of air pollution is obvious during these years in Sudan. Likewise, OMI trace gas vertical column observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) watched higher convergences of tropospheric column NO2 in 2016 than in 2005 over Khartoum that recommends NOx emissions have increased in the city over this time period. The most elevated grouping of dust, a particulate matter (PM2.5), observed in March 2012 over Khartoum state. The highest concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) saw by MERRA-2 over Kuwait and South Sudan during December 2015. Noteworthy centralization concentration of black carbon observed over Iraq, Egypt, Central Africa, and South Sudan in December 2015. The most contamination from carbon monoxide watched by MERRA-2 over Iraq and north of Uganda during December 2014.


Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Anna Dominika Bochenek ◽  
Katarzyna Klemm

Rapid population growth necessitates modifications of urban form, especially in city centers. Consequently, the correlation of the outdoor environment with the occupant’s behavior has profoundly changed. In this study, the authors describe a method, that allows for the estimation of the impact of passive green technologies on the microclimate of historic urban structures, taking into account the city-specific conditions. The Envi-met application, which is widely applied in urban climatology, was used to create the atmospheric processes simulation. Passive scenarios such as green roofs, living facades, and high greenery for chosen periods—warm conditions and the hottest day—were considered. It enabled an assessment of microclimatic outdoor conditions at the pedestrian (1.4 m) and living level (5 m). The results suggested that the highest temperature reduction was related to the tree scenarios (0.09 °C at 1.4 m and 0.18 °C at 5 m height for warm a period; 1.23 °C at 1.4 m and 1.31 °C at 5 m height for the hottest day). The thermal comfort was calculated through the usage of simulated output data. In our investigation, the maximum change in PET was 1.51 °C (for the warm period) and 5.41 °C (during the hottest day of the year). The findings have valuable implications for the design of the city’s structure.


Geographies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shruti Kanga ◽  
Suraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Gowhar Meraj ◽  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Ruby Parveen ◽  
...  

Urbanization is an unavoidable process of social and economic growth in modern times. However, the speed with which urbanization is taking place produces complex environmental changes. It has affected the surface albedo and roughness of the soil, thereby modulating hydrological and ecological systems, which in turn has affected regional and local climate systems. In developing countries of South Asia, rampant and unplanned urbanization has created a complex system of adverse environmental scenarios. Similar is the case in India. The state of the urban environment across India is degrading so quickly that the long-term sustainability of its cities is endangered. Many metropolitan cities in India are witnessing the harmful impacts of urbanization on their land ecology. In this context, remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) based assessments provide a comprehensive and effective analysis of the rate and the impact of urbanization. The present study focuses on understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban growth and its implications on the geomorphology of the Panchkula District, Haryana, one of the fastest-growing urban centers in India. The study links the changes in land use/land cover (LULC) with the changing geomorphology of the study area using satellite remote sensing and GIS. The results showed that between 1980 and 2020, agricultural (+73.71%), built-up (+84.66%), and forest (+4.07%) classes of land increased in contrast to that of the fallow land (−76.80%) and riverbed (−50.86%) classes that have decreased in spatial extents. It has been observed that the hill geomorphological class had decreased in the area owing to conversion to industrial and built-up activities. Assessment of the environmental quality of cities involves multiple disciplines that call for a significant amount of scientific evaluation and strong decision making, and the present study shall lay down the baseline analysis of the impact of changing LULC on the geomorphological setup of the selected urban center.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Jisheng Xia ◽  
Guize Luan ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Zhiyan Peng ◽  
Lu Song ◽  
...  

A coastline is the boundary zone between land and sea, an active zone of human social production activities and an area where the ecology is fragile and easy to change. The traditional method to analyze temporal and spatial changes in the coastline is to extract the coastline through remote sensing, LiDAR, and field sampling and analyze the temporal and spatial changes with statistical data. The coastline extracted by these methods has high spatial and temporal resolution, but it requires remote sensing images and data obtained by other sensors, so it is impossible to extract coastlines from before the emergence of remote sensing technology. This paper improves the coastline generation algorithm. Firstly, a triangulated irregular network is used to generate the preliminary rough coastline, and then, each line segment is optimized with Python language according to the influence range of the place names to further approach the real coastline. The accuracy of the coastline extracted by this method can reach 80% within 500 m, which is of great significance in the mapping and analysis of small- and medium-scale coastlines. This paper analyzes the changes in the coastline of Hainan Island before the founding of China (pre-founding) and in modern times and analyzes the impact of coastal development on coastline change. Through the analysis, it is found that, from before the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the present, the natural coastline of Hainan Island has become shorter, the artificial coastline has become longer, and the coastline generally presents a trend of advancing toward the ocean. This method realizes coastline construction under the condition of missing remote sensing images and puts forward a new way to study historical coastline changes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Shi ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Dabing Sun ◽  
Gaopeng Lu ◽  
Yuanjian Yang

The effect of urbanization on surface air temperature (SAT) is one of the most important systematic biases in SAT series of urban stations. Correcting this so-called urbanization bias has the potential to provide accurate basic data for long-term climate change monitoring and research. In the western region of the Yangtze River Delta, 42 meteorological stations with site-relocation history from 2009 to 2018 were selected to analyze the statistical characteristics of the differences in comparative site-relocation daily average SAT. The annual average differences in comparative site-relocation SAT series between the old and the new stations (SATDON) were used to characterize the impact of urbanization bias on the air temperature observation series. Using remote sensing technology, spatial datasets of land-use, landscape, and geometric parameters of the underlying surface in the 5-km buffer zone around the station were established as the observed environmental factors of the site, and the differences in these observed environmental factors (DOEFs) between the old and the new stations were calculated to indicate the change induced by urbanization. Next, multiple linear regression models of SATDON and DOEFs were constructed, showing that the error range of the model for simulated SATDON was 3.66–18.21%, and the average error was 10.09%. Finally, this new correction method (NCM) and conventional correction method (CCM) were applied to the correction of the urbanization bias of SAT series at Hefei station. After comparison, it is found that the NCM could reveal clear contributions of the rapid and slow stages of the urbanization process and resultant environmental changes around the stations to the observed SAT. In summary, the NCM based on remote sensing technology can more reasonably and effectively correct the urbanization bias caused by local human activities, as well as reduce the error caused by the selection of reference stations via the conventional correction method.


1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Wilson ◽  
Rebecca Baugh ◽  
Ron Contillo ◽  
Tom Wilson ◽  
Rebecca Baugh ◽  
...  

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