scholarly journals Effect of growth intensity of bulls on the microstructure of musculus longissimus lumborum and meat quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Młynek ◽  
Izabela Janiuk ◽  
Alicja Dzido
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Myofibrillar Atpase ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Growth Intensity ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Giant Fibres

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth intensity of 43 bulls with different growth intensity (< 900 and ≥ 900 g/day) on the microstructure of musculus longissimus lumborum. Commercial crosses of Polish Lowland black-and-white cows with Charolais and Limousin bulls were used in this study; within the particular genetic groups the hybrids had similar slaughter weight (447.6 and 517.2 kg) and age (526 and 606 days), respectively. The share of fibres with active tetrazole dehydragenase in the more intensively growing animals was smaller. For fibres with myofibrillar ATPase activity, the intensively growing animals produced higher standard deviation values than the other groups. Further analysis of the muscular tissue in this group revealed that out of the 24 muscles, 9 had giant fibres. In comparison with the less intensively growing animals, the muscles of the bulls that gained more than 900 g/day in weight were found to contain significantly less glycogen (P ≤ 0.01) and, consequently, the meat was less acidic. The difference of the pH ranged from 0.19 in the case of pH24 (P ≤ 0.01) to 0.06 for pH48 (P ≤ 0.01). It should be noted that the intensively growing animals were found to have a relatively high pH variability (SD = 0.69 and 0.49, respectively). The pH24 and pH48 values, as well as pH variability show that the meat of this group was dark, firm and dry.

scholarly journals Reflex conduction in the giant fibres of the earthworm

1946 ◽  
Vol 133 (870) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Giant Fibre ◽  
Shortening Reaction ◽  
End To End ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Giant Fibres

The present work confirms the conclusion of Friedländer and others that the giant fibres mediate the end-to-end shortening reaction in the earthworm. The chief concern has been to investigate Stough’s claim that the median giant fibre conducts impulses only in the direction from head to tail and the lateral giants only in the reverse direction. Two methods have been employed. ( a ) The nerve cord was exposed at each end of the worm, and electrical records taken simultaneously from the two extremities when the surface of the worm was touched at different places. The results were usually a train of impulses in one or other giant fibre, and it was found that whenever an impulse appeared at one end of a given fibre, it always appeared at the other end of the same fibre. Each fibre, therefore, when it conducted at all, always conducted in both directions. Sensory nerves from the head appeared only connected to the median giant, since stimulation anterior to the clitellum never resulted in lateral fibre activity. Similarly, the tail appeared only to join with the lateral giant fibres. ( b ) Stough’s own method was used, and his observations confirmed, extended and re-interpreted. Either the median or both lateral fibres were divided in one segment. The success of this operation could be judged by leading off the giant fibre responses from the undissected worm (figure 5). Next day, when the worm had recovered, the shortening reflex was observed when the worm was touched at the head, the tail, or in the middle. The shortening was either throughout, or was arrested at the operation site, depending upon whether the active giant fibre was the intact or the damaged one. The results are summarized on p. 119. From both the head and the tail Stough’s observations are confirmed, and it is agreed that impulses from the head are conducted back by the median giant alone. The absence of impulses in the laterals might be due to contrary one-way conduction as Stough assumes, or to the absence of their sensory connexion with the head. But ( a ) above shows that the latter is correct, and the same must be concluded from touching the middle region of the worm, which apparently Stough did not do, for this part connects with the lateral giants, and thus affords a demonstration that these fibres may also conduct antero-posteriorly. The difference in function of the separate giant fibres, therefore, is probably related to their difference in sensory distribution.

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND BLACK AND WHITE INTELLIGENCE REVISITED

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Tate ◽  
Gail Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Black Middle Class ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
The Difference

The mean average difference previously recorded between blacks and whites on intelligence may be an artifact based upon the differences in education and socioeconomic position of blacks and whites in this country. Previous studies in this area, with a few exceptions, have been comparing lower class blacks with second-third through tenth generation middle class whites. Only recently in this country has a true black middle class emerged that has had access to both education and income. Even though black income nationally is still only 61% of white income, the black middle class income has approached 75% of white income. This increase in disposable income is being invested in youth development. Second generation black youth of middle class status will show many attributes of the American achievement syndrome. The black youth in this study exceeded the white sample mean on the Stanford-Binet and the WISCR. The black mean was 128.63 with a standard deviation of 14.44, while the white mean was 115.75 with a standard deviation of 13.37. The difference was significant at the 0.001 level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of six phase encoding based susceptibility distortion correction methods for diffusion MRI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Gu ◽  
Anders Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Distortion Correction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase Encoding ◽  
Corrected Data ◽  
The Difference

PurposeSusceptibility distortions impact diffusion MRI data analysis and is typically corrected during preprocessing. Correction strategies involve three classes of methods: registration to a structural image, the use of a fieldmap, or the use of images acquired with opposing phase encoding directions. It has been demonstrated that phase encoding based methods outperform the other two classes, but unfortunately, the choice of which phase encoding based method to use is still an open question due to the absence of any systematic comparisons.MethodsIn this paper we quantitatively evaluated six popular phase encoding based methods for correcting susceptibility distortions in diffusion MRI data. We employed a framework that allows for the simulation of realistic diffusion MRI data with susceptibility distortions. We evaluated the ability for methods to correct distortions by comparing the corrected data with the ground truth. Four diffusion tensor metrics (FA, MD, eigenvalues and eigenvectors) were calculated from the corrected data and compared with the ground truth. We also validated two popular indirect metrics using both simulated data and real data. The two indirect metrics are the difference between the corrected LR and AP data, and the FA standard deviation over the corrected LR, RL, AP and PA data.ResultsWe found that DR-BUDDI and TOPUP offered the most accurate and robust correction compared to the other four methods using both direct and indirect evaluation metrics. EPIC and HySCO performed well in correcting b0 images but produced poor corrections for diffusion weighted volumes, and also they produced large errors for the four diffusion tensor metrics. We also demonstrate that the indirect metric (the difference between corrected LR and AP data) gives a different ordering of correction quality than the direct metric.ConclusionWe suggest researchers to use DR-BUDDI or TOPUP for susceptibility distortion correction. The two indirect metrics (the difference between corrected LR and AP data, and the FA standard deviation) should be interpreted together as a measure of distortion correction quality. We also suggest that indirect metrics must be interpreted cautiously when evaluating methods for correcting susceptibility distortions in diffusion MRI data.

scholarly journals Norwegian Festivals and a Music Economy in Transition, The art of balancing ambitions, expectations and limitations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nordgård
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Life On Mars ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Bow Tie

Somewhere around 10.30 p.m., July 3rd, 2002, David Bowie enters the stage at Odderøya, Kristiansand to perform at the Quart-Festival as the headlining act of that year. The atmosphere was electric as 12,000 fans (sold out) welcome the biggest act yet to visit Norway’s biggest music festival. Bowie himself, wearing a loosened bow tie and a black and white suit, walks calmly to the front of the stage, takes a bow at his audience and opens what is considered a legendary concert in Kristiansand with ‘Life on Mars’. A long-time volunteer at the Quart-Festival, I was in that audience and, although not a devoted Bowie fan, I was deeply fascinated by his appearance. I remember his presence; the calm and the control Bowie exercised from when he entered the stage until he left. I remember the line of songs that I knew by heart – songs that have been canonised years ago. I also remember noticing the difference in appearance from Bowie and the number of ‘soon-to-be-stars’ and ‘could-have-been-stars’, struggling to attain momentum and attention on stage. Here was a star – a true legend. Both prior to, but mostly after David Bowie’s concert at the Quart-Festival in 2002, there was a vivid discussion among Norwegian festival managers and journalists on whether it was at all sustainable for festivals to give artist fees as big as that rumoured to be the case with David Bowie. There were concerns on whether a sacred line had been broken with regards to the size of his fee, as well as claims that Mr Bowie was considered a ‘stadium-artist’ and hence whether such artists were at all economically sustainable to present in Norwegian festival programmes. There was a concern to whether at all Norwegian festivals had the capacity to present artists on this level. Remarkably absent in the discussions of 2002, were any concerns related to ‘the other artists’, the names underneath the headlining acts; new audience behaviour; or a potentially changing role of the festival. In 2015, however, these issues are more apparent and in the following I will attempt to discuss them in relation to a set of interviews I did with three Norwegian festival managers in the spring of 2011. I will attempt to describe how the festivals have been affected by significant change taking place within the music industries and, in particular, seek to explore to what extent these changes have affected the role of the festival, and most important, to what extent such change is at all recognised by the festivals.

Enhancement of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation by Adrenaline in Vivo and Its Prevention

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroh Yamazaki ◽  
Itsuro Kobayashi ◽  
Tadahiro Sano ◽  
Takio Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endothelial Surface ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe authors previously reported a transient decrease in adhesive platelet count and an enhancement of blood coagulability after administration of a small amount of adrenaline (0.1-1 µg per Kg, i. v.) in man and rabbit. In such circumstances, the sensitivity of platelets to aggregation induced by ADP was studied by an optical density method. Five minutes after i. v. injection of 1 µg per Kg of adrenaline in 10 rabbits, intensity of platelet aggregation increased to 115.1 ± 4.9% (mean ± S. E.) by 10∼5 molar, 121.8 ± 7.8% by 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before the injection by 10”6 molar ADP. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01-0.05). The above change was not observed in each group of rabbits injected with saline, 1 µg per Kg of 1-noradrenaline or 0.1 and 10 µg per Kg of adrenaline. Also, it was prevented by oral administration of 10 mg per Kg of phenoxybenzamine or propranolol or aspirin or pyridinolcarbamate 3 hours before the challenge. On the other hand, the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation was not observed in vitro, when 10-5 or 3 × 10-6 molar and 129.4 ± 12.8% of the value before 10∼6 molar ADP was added to citrated platelet rich plasma (CPRP) of rabbit after incubation at 37°C for 30 second with 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 µg per ml of adrenaline or noradrenaline. These results suggest an important interaction between endothelial surface and platelets in connection with the enhancement of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by adrenaline in vivo.

Energy Approximation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Isett
Keyword(s):  
Main Lemma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Scale ◽  
Continuous Solutions ◽  
Material Derivative ◽  
Energy Variation ◽  
Energy Approximation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Derivatives Of

This chapter presents the equations and calculations for energy approximation. It establishes the estimates (261) and (262) of the Main Lemma (10.1) for continuous solutions; these estimates state that we are able to accurately prescribe the energy that the correction adds to the solution, as well as bound the difference between the time derivatives of these two quantities. The chapter also introduces the proposition for prescribing energy, followed by the relevant computations. Each integral contributing to the other term can be estimated. Another proposition for estimating control over the rate of energy variation is given. Finally, the coarse scale material derivative is considered.

Pengaruh Unsur Budaya Lokal dalam Ungkapan Berbahasa Perancis

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 378
Author(s):  
Vincentia Tri Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Minimal Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Words

AbstrakFolklor yang menghasilkan tradisi lisan merupakan perwujudan budaya yang lahirdari pengalaman kelompok masyarakat. Salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan adalah ungkapan yangmengandung unsur budaya lokal dalam konstruksinya yang tidak dimiliki budaya lainnya.Ungkapan idiomatis memberikan warna pada bahasa melalui penggambaran mental. Dalambahasa Perancis, ungkapan dapat berupa locution dan expression. Perbedaan motif acuansuatu ungkapan dapat terlihat dari pengaruh budaya masyarakat pengguna bahasa. Sebuahleksem tidak selalu didefinisikan melalui unsur minimal, tidak juga melalui kata-kata,baik kata dasar atau kata kompleks, namun dapat melalui kata-kata beku yang maknanyatetap. Hubungan analogis dari makna tambahan yang ada pada suatu leksem muncul dariidentifikasi semem yang sama. Semem tersebut mengarah pada term yang diasosiasikan danyang diperkaya melalui konteks (dalam ungkapan berhubungan dengan konteks budaya).Kata kunci: folklor, ungkapan, struktur, makna idiomatis, kebudayaanAbstractFolklore which produces the oral tradition is a cultural manifestation born out theexperience of community groups. One form of the oral tradition is a phrase that containsthe elements of local culture in its construction that is not owned the other culture. Theidiomatic phrase gives the color to the language through the mental representation. InFrench, the expression can consist of locution and expression. The difference motivesreference of an expression can be seen from the influence of the cultural community thelanguage users. A lexeme is not always defined through a minimal element, nor throughwords, either basic or complex words, but can be through the frost words whose meaningsare fixed. The analogical connection of the additional meanings is on a lexeme arises fromthe identification of the same meaning. The meaning ‘semem’ leads to the associated termsand which are enriched through the context (in idiom related to the cultural context).Keywords : folklore, idioms, structure, idiom meaning, cultureI PENDAHULUAN

Rhetoric and argumentation: the unity of the field

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Classic Problem ◽  
False Dilemma ◽  
The Difference ◽  
As If

Rhetoric has always been torn between the rhetoric of figures and the rhetoric of conflicts or arguments, as if rhetoric were exclusively one or the other. This is a false dilemma. Both types of rhetoric hinge on the same structure. A common formula is provided in Chapter 3 which unifies rhetoric stricto sensu and rhetoric as argumentation as two distinct but related strategies adopted according to the level of problematicity of the questions at stake, thereby giving unity to the field called “Rhetoric.” Highly problematic questions require arguments to justify their answers; non-divisive ones can be treated rhetorically through their answers as if they were self-evident. Another classic problem is how to understand the difference between logic and rhetoric. The difference between the two is due to the presence of questions explicitly answered in the premises in logic and only suggested (or remaining indeterminate) in rhetoric.

scholarly journals The Respiration of some Planktonic copepods II. The Effect Of Temperature

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gauld ◽  
J. E. G. Raymont
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The respiratory rates of three species of planktonic copepods, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, were measured at four different temperatures.The relationship between respiratory rate and temperature was found to be similar to that previously found for Calanus, although the slope of the curves differed in the different species.The observations on Centropages at 13 and 170 C. can be divided into two groups and it is suggested that the differences are due to the use of copepods from two different generations.The relationship between the respiratory rates and lengths of Acartia and Centropages agreed very well with that previously found for other species. That for Temora was rather different: the difference is probably due to the distinct difference in the shape of the body of Temora from those of the other species.The application of these measurements to estimates of the food requirements of the copepods is discussed.

scholarly journals Energy Balance Indicators during the Transition Period and Early Lactation of Purebred Holstein and Simmental Cows and Their Crosses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Deise Aline Knob ◽  
André Thaler Neto ◽  
Helen Schweizer ◽  
Anna C. Weigand ◽  
Roberto Kappes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fat Thickness

Crossbreeding in dairy cattle has been used to improve functional traits, milk composition, and efficiency of Holstein herds. The objective of the study was to compare indicators of the metabolic energy balance, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), glucose, body condition score (BCS) back fat thickness (BFT), as well as milk yield and milk composition of Holstein and Simmental cows, and their crosses from the prepartum period until the 100th day of lactation at the Livestock Center of the Ludwig Maximilians University (Munich, Germany). In total, 164 cows formed five genetic groups according to their theoretic proportion of Holstein and Simmental genes as follows: Holstein (100% Holstein; n = 9), R1-Hol (51–99% Holstein; n = 30), first generation (F1) crossbreds (50% Holstein, 50% Simmental; n = 17), R1-Sim (1–49% Holstein; n = 81) and Simmental (100% Simmental; n = 27). The study took place between April 2018 and August 2019. BCS, BFT blood parameters, such as BHBA, glucose, and NEFA were recorded weekly. A mixed model analysis with fixed effects breed, week (relative to calving), the interaction of breed and week, parity, calving year, calving season, milking season, and the repeated measure effect of cow was used. BCS increased with the Simmental proportion. All genetic groups lost BCS and BFT after calving. Simmental cows showed lower NEFA values. BHBA and glucose did not differ among genetic groups, but they differed depending on the week relative to calving. Simmental and R1-Sim cows showed a smaller effect than the other genetic groups regarding changes in body weight, BCS, or back fat thickness after a period of a negative energy balance after calving. There was no significant difference for milk yield among genetic groups, although Simmental cows showed a lower milk yield after the third week after calving. Generally, Simmental and R1-Simmental cows seemed to deal better with a negative energy balance after calving than purebred Holstein and the other crossbred lines. Based on a positive heterosis effect of 10.06% for energy corrected milk (ECM), the F1, however, was the most efficient crossbred line.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document