scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY EFFECTS ON MADHUBANI FOLK PAINTING

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Charanjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Eternal Truth ◽  
Work Style ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Contemporary Artist ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Today, artists are doing new experiments in Madhubani folk painting, these experiments are natural as well with changing times. This change is the eternal truth of nature. We believe that art is the same. Which change with changing time, but do not let it lose its original form. With this spirit, Madhubani folk painting is being done in the main areas of Madhubani painting even today in Jitwarpur, Darbhanga, Purnia and surrounding areas. And it has been done before also.Today, if we study the folk painting of both decades (past and present) and the work style of their artists, then we get that the style of art has changed to some extent but the sentiment towards Madhubani folk painting is the same. Even today some women are working on natural things in rural areas. The same contemporary artist is busy with his work style with contemporary themes. Where previously the subjects of Madhubani folk paintings have been mainly related to the Gods and Goddesses. Madhubani folk painting was first used by women to decorate the walls and courtyards of their homes. The women here incorporate historical, religious and spiritual subjects into their art with their imagination. Religious folk life has been the main theme of Madhubani Lak paintings. Jilwarpur, a small village in Madhubani region has been the center of this art. आज मधुबनी लोक चित्रकला में कलाकार नित नये प्रयोग कर रहे हैं यह प्रयोग बदलते समय के साथ-साथ स्वाभाविक भी हैं। यह परिवर्तन प्रकृति का शाश्वत् सत्य है। हमारा मानना भी यही है कि कला वही है। जो बदलते समय के साथ परिवर्तित होती रहे, लेकिन अपने मूल स्वरूप को खोने न दे। इसी भावना के साथ आज भी मधुबनी चित्रकला के प्रमुख क्षेत्र जितवारपुर, दरभंगा, पूर्णिया व आस-पास के क्षेत्रों में मधुबनी लोक चित्रकला का अंकन किया जा रहा है। और पहले भी किया जाता रहा है।अगर आज हम दोनों दशकों (पूर्व व वर्तमान) की लोक चित्रकला व उनके कलाकारों की कार्य शैली का गहन अध्ययन करें तो हमें प्राप्त होता है कि लेाक कला शैली कुछ हद तक परिवर्तित हुयी है लेकिन मधुबनी लोक चित्रकला के प्रति भावनात्मकता वही है। ग्रामीण अंचलों में आज भी कुछ महिलाएँ प्राकृतिक चीजों को लेकर कार्य कर रही हैं। वही समकालीन कलाकार समकालीन विषयों को लेकर अपनी कार्य शैली में व्यस्त है। जहाँ पहले मधुबनी लोक चित्रों के विषय मुख्य रूप से देवी-देवता व प्रकृति से सम्बन्धित रहे हैं। मधुबनी लोक चित्रकला का प्रयोग पहले महिलाएँ अपने घरों की दीवारों व आँगनों को सजाने के लिये करती थी। यहाँ की महिलाएँ अपनी कल्पना से ऐतिहासिक, धार्मिक व आध्यात्मिक विषयों को अपनी कला में समाहित करती है। धार्मिक लोक जीवन मधुबनी लेाक चित्रों के मुख्य विषय-वस्तु रहे हैं। मधुबनी क्षेत्र का छोटा सा गाँव जिलवारपुर इस कला का केन्द्र रहा है।

scholarly journals Mitigation of the Water Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Construction of Delocalized Water Collection and Retention Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Adolfo F. L. Baratta ◽  
Laura Calcagnini ◽  
Abdoulaye Deyoko ◽  
Fabrizio Finucci ◽  
Antonio Magarò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Surrounding Areas

This paper presents the results of a three-year research project aimed at addressing the issue of water shortage and retention/collection in drought-affected rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. The project consisted in the design, construction, and the upgrade of existing barrages near Kita, the regional capital of Kayes in Mali. The effort was led by the Department of Architecture of Roma Tre University in partnership with the Onlus Gente d’Africa (who handled the on-the-ground logistics), the Department of Architecture of the University of Florence and the École Supérieure d’Ingénierie, d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme of Bamako, Mali. The practical realization of the project was made possible by Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti Ltd., a water utility supplying drinking water in the Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) that provided the financing as well as the operational contribution of AES Architettura Emergenza Sviluppo, a nonprofit association operating in the depressed areas of the world. The completion of the research project resulted in the replenishment of reservoirs and renewed presence of water in the subsoil of the surrounding areas. Several economic activities such as fishing and rice cultivation have spawned from the availability of water. The monitoring of these results is still ongoing; however, it is already possible to assess some critical issues highlighted, especially with the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic in the research areas.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect in Megacity Tehran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Sodoudi ◽  
Parisa Shahmohamadi ◽  
Ken Vollack ◽  
Ulrich Cubasch ◽  
A. I. Che-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Microscale Model ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Cities demonstrate higher nocturnal temperatures than surrounding rural areas, which is called “urban heat island” (UHI) effect. Climate change projections also indicate increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves, which will intensify the UHI effect. As megacity Tehran is affected by severe heatwaves in summer, this study investigates its UHI characteristics and suggests some feasible mitigation strategies in order to reduce the air temperature and save energy. Temperature monitoring in Tehran shows clear evidence of the occurrence of the UHI effect, with a peak in July, where the urban area is circa 6 K warmer than the surrounding areas. The mobile measurements show a park cool island of 6-7 K in 2 central parks, which is also confirmed by satellite images. The effectiveness of three UHI mitigation strategies high albedo material (HAM), greenery on the surface and on the roofs (VEG), and a combination of them (HYBRID) has been studied using simulation with the microscale model ENVI-met. All three strategies show higher cooling effect in the daytime. The average nocturnal cooling effect of VEG and HYBRID (0.92, 1.10 K) is much higher than HAM (0.16 K), although high-density trees show a negative effect on nocturnal cooling.

scholarly journals Drivers and Projections of Global Surface Temperature Anomalies at Sub-City Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne A. Benz ◽  
Steven J. Davis ◽  
Jennifer Burney
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Areas

More than half of the world’s population now lives in urban areas, and trends in rural-to-urban migration are expected to continue through the end of the century. Although cities create efficiencies that drive innovation and economic growth, they also alter the local surface energy balance, resulting in urban temperatures that can differ dramatically from surrounding areas. Here we introduce a global 1-km resolution data set of seasonal and diurnal anomalies in urban surface temperatures relative to their rural surroundings, and use satellite-observable parameters in a simple model informed by the surface energy balance to understand the dominant drivers of present urban heating, the heat-related impacts of projected future urbanization, and the potential for policies to mitigate those damages. At present, urban populations live in areas with daytime surface summer temperatures that are 3.21°C (-3.97 - 9.24, 5th-95th percentiles) warmer than surrounding rural areas, such that 1.2 billion people are exposed to average surface summer temperatures in excess of 35°C that might put them at risk of heat-related illness. If design and infrastructure of cities remain unchanged, increased urban heat anomalies will add 0.19°C (-0.01, 0.47) to the daytime summer surface temperatures in urban areas in 2100 -- in addition to warming due to climate change. Such urban heating will increase the number of urban population living under extreme and potentially health-threatening temperatures by approximately 20% compared to current numbers. However we also find a significant potential for mitigation: 82% of all urban areas can optimize vegetation and/or surface albedo and reduce urban daytime summer surface temperatures for the affected population on average by -0.81°C (-2.55, -0.05).

scholarly journals Environmental Influences on the Settlements Patterns of Communities in the Marshes of Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-663
Author(s):  
Suhail Najim ◽  
Nadia A. Alslam ◽  
Inaam A. Albazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Community Planning ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
Residential Communities ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Surrounding Areas

In the field of residential community planning, one of the appropriate places to study the mutual influences between man and the environment, away from the influences, concepts and mechanisms of contemporary planning theories are isolated environments in rural areas, and the marshlands in Iraq represent one of these models. These areas still retain the planning patterns of residential communities for thousands of years. This research attempts to conduct a descriptive study of traditional settlement patterns, which relied on the capabilities of the surrounding areas to provide planning and architectural solutions based on the environmental factor. Establishing such a clear framework for these impacts can help in any future interventions or development processes in the region and ensure that any random or irregular interventions that may have occurred previously are not repeated. Which will preserve the components and sustainability of this ecosystem and maintain the harmony and integration between the elements of the architectural environment and the natural elements.

scholarly journals Social inclusion in the context of Czech rural development policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 412-422
Author(s):  
Kucerova Eva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Social Farming

The paper addresses social inclusion. It aims to investigate how social inclusion was conceptualized in the main Czech policy documents related to the EU. The text argues that one of the tools of social inclusion – social economy represented by social entrepreneurship and social farming – is a sort of innovative practice. The findings suggest that the understanding of social inclusion evolves within policy documents towards highlighting social economy through matching its theoretical concept with political measures. However, social economy is still not considered by the documents as an innovative approach. If analysing projects funded under Czech Rural Development Programs, social inclusion in rural areas is not the main theme, especially in regions exposed to the risk of social exclusion. In addition, the main actors (NGOs or social entrepreneurs) who are said to support social economy or social farming are not active in submitting projects in rural areas under the Rural Development Program 2007–2013. These actors have not yet used their potential towards developing social economy.

scholarly journals Simulations of organic aerosol concentrations during springtime in the Guanzhong Basin, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 10045-10061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Feng ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
Junji Cao ◽  
Naifang Bei ◽  
Zhenxing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Guanzhong Basin ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Background Area

Abstract. The organic aerosol (OA) concentration is simulated in the Guanzhong Basin, China from 23 to 25 April 2013 utilizing the WRF-CHEM model. Two approaches are used to predict OA concentrations: (1) a traditional secondary organic aerosol (SOA) module; (2) a non-traditional SOA module including the volatility basis-set modeling method in which primary organic aerosol (POA) is assumed to be semivolatile and photochemically reactive. Generally, the spatial patterns and temporal variations of the calculated hourly near-surface ozone and fine particle matters agree well with the observations in Xi'an and surrounding areas. The model also yields reasonable distributions of daily PM2.5 and elemental carbon (EC) compared to the filter measurements at 29 sites in the basin. Filter-measured organic carbon (OC) and EC are used to evaluate OA, POA, and SOA using the OC ∕ EC ratio approach. Compared with the traditional SOA module, the non-traditional module significantly improves SOA simulations and explains about 88 % of the observed SOA concentration. Oxidation and partitioning of POA treated as semivolatile constitute the most important pathway for the SOA formation, contributing more than 75 % of the SOA concentrations in the basin. Residential emissions are the dominant anthropogenic OA source, constituting about 50 % of OA concentrations in urban and rural areas and 30 % in the background area. The OA contribution from transportation emissions decreases from 25 % in urban areas to 20 % in the background area, and the industry emission OA contribution is less than 6 %.

scholarly journals Extended galleries above the porch in two mosques: Qualitative analysis of mosques with wooden minaret in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Edin Jahic
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Spatial Concept ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Many ◽  
Typical Solution

Among the many mosques from the Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most numerous are modest and predominantly wooden mosques covered by a hip roof with an integrated wooden minaret. Although they originate in the long tradition of Turkish single-space mosques, their appearance and construction represent the expression of Bosnian autochthonous architecture. They were mostly built for the needs of the neighborhood (mahala) in smaller and larger towns, but also in rural areas. Due to the perishable materials and various other reasons, they had been renovated several times so changes in appearance were in some cases quite certain. These structures have been insufficiently researched and very few valuable publications are available so far. Qualitative analysis of significant examples, in addition to the common features by which these mosques differ from large monumental mosques, differences in the spatial concept, as well as the construction of individual elements, were observed. Concerning the shape of the entrance, these mosques have four characteristic solutions: a mosque with a porch, with a porch and a gallery, without a porch, and with a closed vestibule. The analysis also showed that the two mahala mosques in Tuzla had a specific gallery form that deviated from the typical solution. These galleries are extended over the porch on three sides by the application of ingenious carpentry solutions and covered with elongated eaves. In addition, this study showed that thanks to available sources, it was possible to re-establish the original form of the two mosques, which had since been altered.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and spatial determinants of municipal cultural spending

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Getzner
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Political Variables

AbstractThe determinants of the expenditure of Austrian municipalities for cultural affairs are ascertained in a panel time series framework. The Austrian municipalities spend about € 93 per capita a year for cultural affairs (approximately 4% of the total municipal expenditure). The econometric estimations revealed that the size of the municipality, and various socio-economic, fiscal and political variables, are the main determinants of municipal cultural spending. The results of the estimations infer a rather small but nevertheless significant spatial dependence of cultural spending. An increase of 10% of cultural spending in the neighboring regions leads to an increase of 0.6–1.5% in a representative municipality (however, the potentially overlapping and contradicting reasons for spatial correlations could not be disentangled in this paper). In comparison to the spatial effects, the size of the municipality is a more significant predictor of municipal cultural spending. The larger cities provide many cultural goods and services to the surrounding areas by utilizing economies of scale and density. It can be concluded that municipalities, in particular in rural areas, should increase their efforts for co-operation in order to improve the efficiency of cultural spending.

Sustainable sewage solutions for small agglomerations

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galvão ◽  
J. Matos ◽  
J. Rodrigues ◽  
P. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Surrounding Areas

In a significant number of European countries, the need for providing appropriate treatment for the effluents of small rural communities is still especially relevant. In fact, in countries like Portugal, Spain, and many others, significant amounts of investment will be addressed in the next few years to the construction of small Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP). The problems faced when constructing and operating WWTP serving small communities may be relevant when energy and labour costs are relatively high, or when the visual impact on the surrounding areas is especially negative. Sustainable treatment solutions require the selection of appropriate technologies using fewer resources. In this paper, information is presented about sustainability indicators of twenty-one small secondary wastewater treatment plants, including conventional (trickling filters and extended aeration plants) and non-conventional treatment systems (constructed wetlands). The data refer to allocated areas per inhabitant, amounts of concrete per inhabitant, power per inhabitant, and construction and installation costs per inhabitant. The data seem to show that for different reasons, constructed wetlands are promising treatment solutions for application to rural areas in particular because of the relatively low power requirements and relatively low construction costs for served populations below 500 inhabitants.

A cultural and contextual analysis of health concepts and needs of women in a rural district of Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngran Yang ◽  
Betty Bekemeier ◽  
Jongsan Choi
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Health Concepts ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Healthy Community

Introduction: Globally, individuals and groups have different notions of health promotion influenced by their social and cultural contexts. Effective primary health care and healthy public policy depend on a clear understanding of people’s perceptions of health and their health needs. Women in the Far Western Region (FWR) of Nepal live in one of the most remote and rural areas in that country, and their general health status is one of the worst in that country. In this study we explored the socio-cultural health concepts and needs of women in a district of Nepal’s FWR. Methods: Qualitative research methods and a culture-centred approach guided the study, with 30 women from the district of Dadeldhura in the FWR participating in in-depth interviews. Data were analysed through qualitative content analysis. Results: The women’s concepts of health included ‘absence of disease’, ‘no tension’, ‘peace in the family’ and ‘being able to work’. The participants felt good health required good food, wealth, education and employment for their children, and a healthy community (free of drug or alcohol addiction). ‘Money is everything’ also emerged as a main theme, linking the concept of wealth to good health. To improve health, respondents recommended that the government provide financial support for education and employment and a focus on listening to and caring for the country’s rural poor. Conclusions: Overall, participants’ perceived health as not just about themselves but their families and communities. Socially as well as culturally determined gender roles influenced the health concepts and needs of the women. This study’s findings can be used to guide public health leaders in priority-setting and in determining strategies for women’s health promotion in rural districts of Nepal and other similar cultures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document