scholarly journals Issues and Challenges of, Factors that Affect, and the Primary Influences of Parents’ Decisions to Vaccinate their Adolescents: A Case of a Local National High School in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Jenny J. Casiño ◽  
Angelo Mark P. Walag
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Vaccines are considered to be the center of the prevention and management of viral diseases. Even with the wide acceptance that vaccines are safe, vaccine hesitancy is still rampant in various parts of the world. Several historical, social, religious, and moral factors were identified and observed to have influence parent’s vaccine acceptance or hesitance. Parent’s vaccine hesitance or acceptance is crucial since adolescents constitute the ideal group for immunization. This study aims to uncover the issues and challenges of parents on vaccination, the factors that affect their decision to vaccinate their children, and parents' primary influences to vaccinate their children. A descriptive-survey research design utilizing a questionnaire floated to parents of adolescents in a local high school. It was found out that the level of education and type of occupation was significantly associated with parent's decision to vaccinate their children. The major issue and challenge of parents toward vaccination is that they don't find vaccines important and have a high level of distrust towards the government's health agency and medical professionals. The primary factor affecting their decision-making is the negative news on vaccination and vaccine safety. Respondents also reported that even they distrust the government's health agency, they still consider it influential towards their vaccine decision-making. With this, it is recommended that efforts be strengthened in restoring the public's trust towards the government health agency to address vaccine hesitancy.

scholarly journals Contribution of the Teaching Staff of the College of Education at Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University in the Educational Decision Making and its Association with the Organizational Affiliation from their Viewpoint: مشاركة أعضاء هيئة التدريس بكلية التربية جامعة الإمام محمد بن سعود الإسلامية في صنع القرار وعلاقته بالانتماء التنظيمي من وجهة نظرهم

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Marzouq Al- Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
High Level ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Educational Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Affiliation

The study aimed to know the reality of participation of the teaching staff of the College of Education at Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University in the educational decision making from their viewpoint and its association with the organizational affiliation among them. For fulfilling the study objectives, the research used the descriptive survey method, and the study tool was by applying questionnaires for 157 participants members from the teaching staff of the College of Education at Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University in Riyadh. Main findings: overall tool of degree of contribution in decision making and its association with organizational affiliation according to responses of the teaching staff of the College of Education at Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University gained total average of (3.95/5) and at the both fields level. Also, the field of contribution of teaching staff member in decision making gained an average of (4.02/5), while the field of organizational affiliation gained an average of (3.88) and both gained a nearly high level. There’s a statistically significant correlation found between degree of contribution of the teaching staff of the College of Education at Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University in decision making and organization affiliation (P value= 0.39) which is a moderate positive correlation, in which whenever the contribution in decision making increases, the organizational affiliation increases. According to these results, a set of recommendations and suggestions are given for increasing the level of contribution and improving the organizational affiliation at Imam Muhammad Bin Saud Islamic University particularly and the Saudi Arabian and Arabic Universities generally.

Primary Factors Influencing the Decision to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 in the United States: A Predictive Analytics Approach (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Varol ◽  
Serkan Catma ◽  
Diana Reindl ◽  
Elizabeth Serieux
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Vaccine Decision Making

BACKGROUND Vaccine refusal still poses a risk to reaching herd immunity in the United States. The existing literature focuses on identifying the predictors that would impact the willingness to accept (WTA) vaccines using survey data. These variables range from the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants to the perceptions and attitudes towards the vaccines so each variable’s statistical relationship with the WTA a vaccine can be investigated. However, while the results of these studies may have important implications for understanding vaccine hesitancy by offering interpretation of the statistical relationships, the prediction of vaccine decision-making has rarely been investigated OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the factors that contribute to the prediction of COVID-19 vaccine acceptors and refusers using machine learning METHODS A nationwide survey was administered online in November, 2020 to assess American public perceptions and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines. Seven machine learning techniques were utilized to identify the model with the highest predictive power. Moreover, a set of variables that would contribute the most to the predictions of vaccine acceptors and refusers was identified using Gini importance based on Random Forest structure RESULTS The resulting machine learning algorithm has better prediction ability for willingness to accept (82%) versus reject (51%) a COVID-19 vaccine. In terms of predictive success, the Random Forest model outperformed the other machine learning techniques with a 69.52% accuracy rate. Worrying about (re) contracting Covid 19 and opinions regarding mandatory face covering were identified as the most important predictors of vaccine decision-making CONCLUSIONS The complexity of vaccine hesitancy needs to be investigated thoroughly before the threshold needed to reach population immunity can be achieved. Predictive analytics can help the public health officials design and deliver individually tailored vaccination programs that would increase the overall vaccine uptake.

scholarly journals Building the capacity of users and producers of evidence in health policy and systems research for better control of endemic diseases in Nigeria: a situational analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna Onwujekwe ◽  
Enyi Etiaba ◽  
Chinyere Mbachu ◽  
Uchenna Ezenwaka ◽  
Ifeanyi Chikezie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health System ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Health Policy And Systems

Abstract Background There is a current need to build the capacity of Health Policy and Systems Research + Analysis (HPSR+A) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) as this enhances the processes of decision-making at all levels of the health system. This paper provides information on the HPSR+A knowledge and practice among producers and users of evidence in priority setting for HPSR+A regarding control of endemic diseases in two states in Nigeria. It also highlights the HPSR+A capacity building needs and interventions that will lead to increased HPSR+A and use for actual policy and decision making by the government and other policy actors. Methods Data was collected from 96 purposively selected respondents who are either researchers/ academia (producers of evidence) and policy/decision-makers, programme/project managers (users of evidence) in Enugu and Anambra states, southeast Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire was the data collection tool. Analysis was by univariate and bivariate analyses. Results The knowledge on HPSR+A was moderate and many respondents understood the importance of evidence-based decision making. Majority of researcher stated their preferred channel of dissemination of research finding to be journal publication. The mean percentage of using HPSR evidence for programme design & implementation of endemic disease among users of evidence was poor (18.8%) in both states. There is a high level of awareness of the use of evidence to inform policy across the two states and some of the respondents have used some evidence in their work. Conclusion The high level of awareness of the use of HPSR+A evidence for decision making did not translate to the significant actual use of evidence for policy making. The major reasons bordered on lack of autonomy in decision making. Hence, the existing yawning gap in use of evidence has to be bridged for a strengthening of the health system with evidence.

scholarly journals Vaccine hesitancy: evidence from an adverse events following immunization database, and the role of cognitive biases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Azarpanah ◽  
Mohsen Farhadloo ◽  
Rustam Vahidov ◽  
Louise Pilote
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Vaccine Information

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy has been a growing challenge for public health in recent decades. Among factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, concerns regarding vaccine safety and Adverse Events (AEs) play the leading role. Moreover, cognitive biases are critical in connecting such concerns to vaccine hesitancy behaviors, but their role has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, our first objective is to address concerns regarding vaccine AEs to increase vaccine acceptance. Our second objective is to identify the potential cognitive biases connecting vaccine hesitancy concerns to vaccine-hesitant behaviors and identify the mechanism they get triggered in the vaccine decision-making process. Methods First, to mitigate concerns regarding AEs, we quantitatively analyzed the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 2011 to 2018 and provided evidence regarding the non-severity of the AEs that can be used as a communicable summary to increase vaccine acceptance. Second, we focused on the vaccination decision-making process. We reviewed cognitive biases and vaccine hesitancy literature to identify the most potential cognitive biases that affect vaccine hesitancy and categorized them adopting the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). Results Our results show that the top frequent AEs are expected mild reactions like injection site erythema (4.29%), pyrexia (3.66%), and injection site swelling (3.21%). 94.5% of the reports are not serious and the average population-based serious reporting rate over the 8 years was 25.3 reports per 1 million population. We also identified 15 potential cognitive biases that might affect people’s vaccination decision-making and nudge them toward vaccine hesitancy. We categorized these biases based on the factors that trigger them and discussed how they contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions This paper provided an evidence-based communicable summary of VAERS. As the most trusted sources of vaccine information, health practitioners can use this summary to provide evidence-based vaccine information to vaccine decision-makers (patients/parents) and mitigate concerns over vaccine safety and AEs. In addition, we identified 15 potential cognitive biases that might affect the vaccination decision-making process and nudge people toward vaccine hesitancy. Any plan, intervention, and message to increase vaccination uptake should be modified to decrease the effect of these potential cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Public Willingness and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination at the Initial Stage of Mass Vaccination in China

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
Yi-Miao Zhao ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Kai Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
High Income ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vaccine Information

The present study assessed the willingness of the general population to receive COVID-19 vaccines and identified factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and resistance. A national online survey was conducted from 29 January 2021 to 26 April 2021 in China. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors that influence vaccine hesitancy and resistance. Of the 34,041 participants surveyed, 18,810 (55.3%) were willing to get vaccinated, 13,736 (40.3%) were hesitant, and 1495 (4.4%) were resistant. Rates of vaccine acceptance increased over time, with geographical discrepancies in vaccine hesitancy and resistance between provinces in China. Vaccine safety was the greatest concern expressed by most participants (24,461 [71.9%]), and the major reason for participants’ refusing vaccination (974 [65.2%]). Government agencies (23,131 [68.0%]) and social media (20,967 [61.6%]) were the main sources of COVID-19 vaccine information. Compared with vaccination acceptance, female, young and middle-aged, high income, and perceived low-risk of infection were associated with vaccine hesitancy. Histories of allergic reactions to other vaccines and depression symptoms were related to vaccine resistance. Common factors that influenced vaccine hesitancy and resistance were residing in cities and perceiving less protection with vaccines than with other protective measures. The results indicate that the rate of vaccine resistance is relatively low, but vaccine hesitancy is common. Individuals who are female, young and middle-aged, with a high income, and residing in cities are more likely to be hesitant for vaccination and should be the target populations for vaccination campaigns. Specific vaccine messaging from the government and social media could alleviate public concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy.

scholarly journals Time trends and factors related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy from January-May 2021 among US adults: Findings from a large-scale national survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C King ◽  
Max Rubinstein ◽  
Alex Reinhart ◽  
Robin J Mejia
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Education ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Black Pacific

Objective: To understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods: January 6 through May 31, 2021, 5,121,436 US adults completed an online COVID-19 survey. Weighted data was used to evaluate change in vaccine intent and correlates of May vaccine hesitancy. Results: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy decreased by one-third from January to May, with relatively large decreases among participants with Black, Pacific Islander or Hispanic race/ethnicity and ≤high school education. In May, independent hesitancy risk factors included younger age, non-Asian race, having a PhD or ≤high school education, living in a rural county, living in a county with higher 2020 Trump support, lack of worry about COVID-19, working outside the home, never intentionally avoiding contact with others, and no past-year flu vaccine. Differences in hesitancy by race/ethnicity varied by age. Almost half of vaccine hesitant respondents reported fear of side effects and not trusting the COVID-19 vaccine; over one-third reported not trusting the government, not needing the vaccine, and waiting to see if safe. Reasons differed by degree of vaccine intent and by race/ethnicity. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied by demographics, geography, beliefs, and behaviors.

scholarly journals A Consent Support Resource with Benefits and Harms of Vaccination Does Not Increase Hesitancy in Parents—An Acceptability Study

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Ciara McDonald ◽  
Julie Leask ◽  
Nina Chad ◽  
Margie Danchin ◽  
Judith Fethney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Decisional Conflict ◽  
Informed Decision ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Informed Decision Making ◽  
Routine Childhood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Support Resource

It is unclear whether information given about the benefits and risks of routine childhood vaccination during consent may cue parental vaccine hesitancy. Parents were surveyed before and after reading vaccine consent information at a public expo event in Sydney, Australia. We measured vaccine hesitancy with Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccine Short Scale (PACV-SS), informed decision-making with Informed Subscale of the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS-IS), items from Stage of Decision Making, Positive Attitude Assessment, Vaccine Safety and Side Effect Concern, and Vaccine Communication Framework (VCF) tools. Overall, 416 parents showed no change in vaccine hesitancy (mean PACV-SS score pre = 1.97, post = 1.94; diff = −0.02 95% CI −0.10 to 0.15) but were more informed (mean DCS-IS score pre = 29.05, post = 7.41; diff = −21.63 95% CI −24.17 to −18.56), were more positive towards vaccination (pre = 43.8% post = 50.4%; diff = 6.5% 95% CI 3.0% to 10.0%), less concerned about vaccine safety (pre = 28.5%, post = 23.0%, diff = −5.6% 95% CI −2.3% to −8.8%) and side effects (pre = 37.0%, post = 29.0%, diff = −8.0% 95% CI −4.0% to −12.0%) with no change in stage of decision-making or intention to vaccinate. Providing information about the benefits and risks of routine childhood vaccination increases parents’ informed decision-making without increasing vaccine hesitancy.

A Case Study of a Data Warehouse in the Finnish Police

2011 ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arla Juntunen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Public Value ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Managers ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

The high level objectives of public authorities are to create value at minimal cost, and achieve ongoing support and commitment from its funding authority. Similar to the private sector, today’s government agencies face a rapidly changing operating environment and many challenges. Where public organizations differ is that they need to manage this environment while answering to demands for increased service, reduced costs, fewer resources and at the same time increased efficiency and accountability. Public organization must cope with changing expectations of multiple contact groups, emerging regulation, changes in politics, decentralization of organization, and centralization of certain functions providing similar services, and growing demand for better accountability. The aim of public management is to create public value. Public sector managers create value through their organization’s performance and demonstrated accomplishments. The public value is difficult to define: it is something that exists within each community. It is created and affected by the citizens, businesses and organizations of that community (cf. also Moore, 1995). This increased interest to questions of value is partly due to the adoption of values and value-related concepts taken from business, like value creation and added value. It is argued that the public sector adopts business-like techniques to increase efficiency (Khademian, 1995; cf. Turban et al. 2007; Chen et al. 2005). In addition, there is a growing concern to the non-tangible, political, and ethical aspects of the public sector governance and actions (See Berg, 2001) Decision making that turns the resources in to public value is a daily challenge in the government (Khademian, 1999; Flynn, 2007) and not only because of the social or political factors. Most of decision problems are no longer well-structured problems that are easy to be solved by experience. Even problems that used to be fairly simple to define and solve are now much more complex because of the globalization of the economy, and rapid pace of changes in the technology and political and social environment. Therefore, modern decision makers often need to integrate quickly and reliably knowledge from different areas of data sources to use it in their decision making process. Moreover, the tools and applications developed for knowledge representations in key application areas are extremely diversified, therefore knowledge and data modeling and integration is important (See also the decision support systems (DSS) modeling methods and paradigms: Ruan et al., 2001; Carlsson & Fuller, 2002; Fink, 2002; Makowski & Wierzbicki, 2003). The application s of real-world problems and the abundance of different software tools allow to integrate several methods, specifications and analysis and to apply them to new, arising, complex problems.

Italy: Continuous Change and Continuity in Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-447
Author(s):  
Francesco Zucchini ◽  
Andrea Pedrazzani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Electoral Coalitions ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Long Time ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Internal Fragmentation

Few democracies in the world have experienced so many transformations in the electoral and party systems as has Italy since the early 1990s. Therefore the study of the Italian case is an excellent opportunity to investigate if and how these changes impact on the government’s role in the decision-making process, on government formation and termination, and on the governance stage. Although the formal rules concerning executive–legislative relations have remained almost unaltered, since the 1990s Italian governments have increased de facto their agenda-setting power. Since 1994, the party competition dynamics and the electoral rules induced the political parties to build electoral alliances and pre-electoral coalitions. However, the persisting high level of internal fragmentation made Italian governments also very unstable compared to the governments in many other European democracies. The instruments of intra-coalitional conflict resolution used in Italy have been for long time quite informal and mostly based upon decision-making bodies partially external to the executive. The above cited changes at the beginning of the 1990s, by increasing the overlapping between government leadership and party leadership, made these mechanisms more internal to the government arena. Recent political and institutional developments—especially after the 2013 and 2018 general elections and the new electoral rules—leave very open and uncertain the prospects of consolidation of all these changes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document