Frequency of mesiodens among school children in Multan, southern Punjab.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 682-685
Author(s):  
Rabia Zafar ◽  
Talha Ashar ◽  
Asma Shakoor ◽  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To know the frequency of mesiodens among school children in Multan, Southern Punjab. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: In Two Private Schools and Two Public Schools. Period: December 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: In this study 340 students were equally selected from private and government schools for study and were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent of the patient/guardian was taken. Medical and dental history of the patient was taken. Every child was examined by two expert dentists with mirror, probes and tweezers. Results: In this study out of 340 individuals 29 individuals showed the presence of mesiodens. Out of these 29 individuals 20 were males and 9 were female. Conclusion: Mesiodens are quite common and is more common in male. Early identification and management is necessary to prevent complications and tooth loss.

scholarly journals Insidens Riwayat Hipertensi dan Diabetes Melitus pada Pasien Penyakit Jantung Koroner di RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putri Yuriandini Yulsam ◽  
Fadil Oenzil ◽  
Efrida Efrida
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

AbstrakPenyakit jantung koroner (PJK) merupakan salah satu penyakit non-infeksi yang menjadi sorotan dunia. Hal ini terkait dengan adanya perubahan gaya hidup seiring dengan perkembangan zaman. WHO pada tahun 2008 memperkirakan 17,3 juta jiwa meninggal akibat penyakit kardiovaskular, 7,3 juta jiwa diakibatkan oleh PJK dan 6,2 juta akibat strok. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran insidens riwayat hipertensi dan diabetes melitus pada pasien PJK di RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan potong lintang yang dilakukan di Bagian Rekam Medik RS. Dr. M. Djamil Padang yang berlangsung dari Februari 2012 sampai Maret 2013. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 184 rekam medik, tetapi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 124 sampel Pengolahan data dilakukan secara manual dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi pasien PJK berdasarkan usia yaitu kelompok usia 51-56 tahun sebesar 30,64% dan sebagian besar adalah laki-laki (75%). Prevalensi riwayat hipertensi pada pasien PJK didapatkan sebesar 46,77%, sedangkan riwayat diabetes melitus sebesar 10,48%.Kata kunci: penyakit jantung koroner, hipertensi, diabetes mellitus AbstractCoronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the non-infectious disease that become the world spotlight. It is associated with a change in lifestyle paralel to the era development. WHO in 2008 estimated that 17,3 million people died from cardiovascular disease, 7,3 million attributable to CHD, and 6,2 million died due to stroke. The objective of this study was to describe the incident history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patient with CHD in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design which carried out in Medical Record of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang from February 2012 until March 2013. The population in this study were 184 medical record, but the samples had the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 124 medical record. All data were processed and analysed by manually and then the data shown by frequency distribution table. The result showed the highest distribution of CHD patient based on age is in the age group of 51-56 years, and majority were male (75%). The prevalence of hipertension history in CHD patient is 46.77% while a history of diabetes mellitus is 10,48%.Keyword: coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Haemovigilance: Role and importance of blood request forms in routine hospital practice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1686-1691
Author(s):  
Sidra Ghazanfer ◽  
Mona Aziz ◽  
Hasan Osman Mahmood ◽  
Sarah Rafi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Analytical Errors

Objectives: To assess the extent of Blood Request Forms (BRFs) usage in routine blood banking, at a major Hospital in Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Blood Bank, Lahore. Period: 6 months (Sept 2016 to March 2017). Material & Methods: A total of 1052 BRFs dispatched from in-patient of Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore were selected. Patient’s MR number, date, demographic information, diagnosis, ward, history of transfusions, type of blood transfused, phlebotomist’s name etc., were analyzed. They were assessed and the results were produced in tabulated form as well as in graph. Results: Among the 1052 BRFs, “MR number” was filled in 99.4% (n=1046) forms, while 0.6% (n=6) were not filled. The column of “Date” was filled in 97% (n=1020) forms, while it was left blank in 3% (n=32) forms. Similarly, the column of “Age” was filled in 97.7% (n=1028) forms, whereas it was left empty in 2.3% (n=24) forms. Demographic information like “Patient’s Name” and “Gender” were filled in 100% forms. “Ward” was filled in 97.1% (n=1022) forms, while 2.9% (n=30) were unfilled. As far as “H/O previous transfusion(s)” column is concerned, 40.9% (n=430) forms were filled and 59.1% (n=622) were left unfilled. “H/O previous transfusion reaction(s)” column had almost the similar number with 37.6% (n=396) filled and 62.4% (n=656) left empty. The column of “Diagnosis” was filled in 22.4% (n=236) and was found unfilled in 77.6% (n=816). Moreover, the column of “Which type of component transfused” was filled in 96% (n=1010), while 4% (n=42) were unfilled. The column of “Amount of blood needed” was filled in 96.4% (n=1014) forms, while 3.6% (n=38) forms were unfilled. “When is the blood needed” column had only 29.3% (n=308) filled forms, whereas 70.7% (n=744) forms did not mention when the blood was needed. One of the most important columns is “Patient’s blood group”, which was filled in only 53.4% (n=562) forms, while 46.6% (n=490) forms were left empty. The column of “Name of phlebotomist” was filled in only 13.9% (n=146), while 86.1% (n=906) of the forms were found unfilled in this column. In total, our study revealed that among 1052 BRFs, only 6.8% (n=72) werecompletely filled, while 93.2% (n=980) were incompletely filled. Conclusion: Lack of awareness in BRF filling should be properly addressed to enhance efficiency and to reduce pre-analytical errors in healthcare setups. It is of utmost need that the clinicians and nurses should be made aware that BRFs play a pivotal role in smooth and error-free functioning of the healthcare setups.

scholarly journals Association of Heavy School Bags with Musculoskeletal Discomfort among Primary School Children of Islamabad, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Humaira Khan ◽  
Hadiqa Adnan ◽  
Sara Qayyaum ◽  
Hajar Jamshaid ◽  
Rabiya Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Secondary Damage

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders, an increasing concern among school going children, primarily affect muscles and tendons. They lead to secondary damage to nerves and joints in the neck, upper back, shoulders, arms, and hands, etc. The objective of this study was to determine the association of carrying heavy school bags with musculoskeletal discomfort among primary school children in government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in different government schools of Islamabad, Pakistan from June 2018 to November 2018. After an informed consent from parents, 377 healthy school going children aged 6-14 years were included in this study. Data was collected through Backpack Questionnaire. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal discomfort with demographic characteristics and backpack-related features. P-value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of the school children was 9.49 ± 1.53 years with 179 (46.9%) male and 203 (53.1%) female students. Majority of students (89.8%) were found with school bags more than 15% of their body weight. Shoulder pain was the most commonly reported complaint (67.3%). There was a significant association between pain and perceived backpack weight (P=.001), and between pain and self-perceived posture (P=.001). Leaning forward (66.2%) was the most commonly adopted posture followed by leaning sideways (15.4%) and stooping (2.9%), respectively. The association between pain and duration of carrying backpack from home to school was insignificant (P=.055) in contrast to pain and duration of carrying bag from school to home (P=.007), respectively. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal discomfort was found commonly among primary school children with shoulder pain being the most frequent, as maximum students were carrying heavy school bags.

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among school children in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf Awan ◽  
Junaid Jamshed ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq Khan ◽  
Zahid Latif
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Health ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vision loss<strong> </strong>in childhood has serious implications in all stages of child’s growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioral, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the causes of visual impairment and blindness in school children of UC Gojra, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan so that prevention strategies could be implemented.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a<strong> </strong>school-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among public and private schools. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting study participants aged 5-20 years from 24 schools in Muzaffarabad. The vision of school children was examined for visual acuity using standard Snellen chart. Those participants who had visual acuity of &lt;6/18 in either eye underwent a more detailed ophthalmic examination to diagnose the causes of VI. An exploration of demographic variables was conducted using Chi-square test.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of participants was 10±2.83.<strong> </strong>The prevalence of visual impairment was 19.6% and 2.3% for severe visual impairment. The age group most affected by VI was 11-15 years (74.2%). There were increased chances of developing VI with advancing age of the participants. Males contributed 88.7% of the cases of VI while females contributed only 11.3%. The class category 5-6 had higher percentage of VI cases (32.7%). Public schools contributed 52.8% of the cases of VI while for private schools the corresponding percentage was 47.2%. The leading cause of VI was refractive error (89.3%) followed by amblyopia (5.0%). Other causes of VI included cataract (1.2%), corneal disease (1.8%), strabismus (1.8%) and nystagmus (0.6%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a need to implement school health policy on visual screening prior to admissions in schools and annual eye screening program for early detection and prompt treatment of eye problems among school children in Muzaffarabad.</p>

scholarly journals OVARIAN MALIGNANCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Shabana Rafiq ◽  
Razia Bibi ◽  
Samina Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovarian Malignancy ◽  
Ovarian Mass ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the frequency of ovarian malignancy in women ofreproductive age presenting with ovarian mass and to determine frequency of factors leadingto ovarian malignancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics& Gynaecology, Lady Wallington Hospital, Lahore. Period with Dates: From 05.11.11 to26.06.12. Results: The result of our study reveals majority of the patients between 21-30 yearsi.e. 45.88%(n=39), common age was 24.21+3.76 years, 43.53%(n=37) were nulliparous (inmajority), while frequency of ovarian malignancy in women of reproductive age presenting withovarian mass was recorded in 14.11%(n=12) while frequency of factors leading to ovarianmalignancy was 91.67%(n=11) patients were nulliparous while family history of ovarianmalignancy was in 8.33%(n=1) patients. Conclusions: The frequency of ovarian malignancy ishigher among reproductive age females with increased risk of nulliparity.

scholarly journals Prevalence of psychosocial distress in school going adolescents in rural Pakistan: findings from a cross-sectional epidemiological survey

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S56-S57
Author(s):  
Syed Usman Hamdani ◽  
Zill-e- Huma ◽  
Hashim Javed ◽  
Azza Warraitch ◽  
Atif Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
At Risk Adolescents

AimsEarly interventions are recommended in adolescents to prevent long-term psychiatric morbidity. However, in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), where there are no child and adolescent mental health services, early identification of adolescents at-risk of mental health problems remains a challenge. Pediatric Symptoms Checklist (PSC) is used in preventive child healthcare services in a number of high income countries for early identification of children and adolescents in need of mental health services. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of self-rated, Urdu version of PSC to identify at-risk adolescents studying in the public schools of rural Rawalpindi in Pakistan.MethodWe did a cross-sectional epidemiological survey with all adolescents aged 13–15 years, studying in 41 public schools of Kallar Syedan sub-district in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. An adapted Urdu version of self-reported PSC was used to assess the psychosocial distress in adolescents in-terms of externalizing, internalizing and attention problems. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used as a gold standard measure. Youth version of PSC and SDQ were administered in classroom settings by trained research teams.ResultThe data were collected from 5856 adolescents (response rate 97%) between April-May, 2019. The mean age of the participants was 14.37 years (±1.06); 51% participants were female. The internal consistency reliability of Urdu version of PSC was good (Cronbach alpha 0.85). At the standard cut-off score of PSC ≥28, the prevalence rate of psychosocial distress in adolescents was 25.5% (27.4% in boys & 23.6% in girls). Using the SDQ total difficulties score ≥16 as a standard criterion; the area under the ROC curve was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82–0.88), with a sensitivity of 57.64% and specificity of 89.10% of PSC. If the sensitivity and specificity of PSC is optimized to 76% at the cut-off score of PSC ≥ 24, the prevalence rates of psychosocial distress in adolescents is increased to 41%.ConclusionIn our study, 1 in 4 adolescents in public schools of rural Rawalpindi in Pakistan have been identified at-risk of poor socio-emotional development. Urdu version of PSC is a reliable and valid tool to identify adolescents in need of psychosocial interventions in public schools of rural Pakistan. While the standard cut-off score yields a better specificity; PSC with relatively lower cutoff score can be used a screening tool to identify at-risk adolescents in public schools of rural Pakistan.

scholarly journals Evaluation of blood pressure in school children aged 12-16 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Balakrishnan Nadesan ◽  
Mani Madhavan Sachithananthamoorthi ◽  
Sivaraman Thirumalaikumarasamy ◽  
Ezhilarasu Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension

Background: Hypertension is considered as a major health issue in developed as well as developing countries and its possible origin during childhood prompts pediatricians to routinely include measurement of blood pressure (BP) as an integral part of pediatric physical examination. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the normal range of blood pressure in adolescent school going students of 12-16 years, prevalence of hypertension and relationship of BP with variables like age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status and family history of hypertension.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken for a period of one year in adolescent school children in age groups between 12-16 years. Detailed clinical examination was done in 1060 adolescent school children and BP was recorded in right upper limb and correlation of BP with BMI, family history of hypertension and diabetes were studied.Results: Mean systolic and diastolic pressure showed linear relationship with age. There was a highly statistically significant difference between mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure between lower and middle socio-economic class. Prevalence of obesity in our study was 1.13%, overweight was 7.83%. Prevalence of hypertension in obese children was 33.33% and in overweight children 18.07%. Family history of hypertension and diabetes carry a significant correlation with elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adolescents.Conclusions: This study revealed that socio economic factors play a significant role in determining the blood pressure of the individual. Children of middle class have significantly elevated mean systolic pressure and mean diastolic pressure than low socio-economic groups. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Children Aged 8–13 Years in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail N. Pangani ◽  
Festus K. Kiplamai ◽  
Jane W. Kamau ◽  
Vincent O. Onywera
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. The understanding of obesity as a growing health problem in Africa and Tanzania in particular is hampered by lack of data as well as sociocultural beliefs in which overweight and obesity are revered. This study sought to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 8–13 years in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Method. A cross-sectional analytical research design was used to study overweight and obesity in primary schools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The target population was 150,000 children aged 8–13 years. Stratified random sampling was used to select 1781 children. Weight and height were taken and WHO standards for children were used to determine weight status.Results. Findings showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.9% and 6.7%, respectively (N=1781). However, 6.2% of the children were underweight. There were significant differences in mean BMI between children in private and public schools (p=0.021), between male and female (p<0.001), and across age groups of 8–10 and 11–13 years (p<0.001).Conclusion. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children is significant and requires management and prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Fear among 6-15 Years Old School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (221) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirjana Dahal ◽  
Ashish Shrestha ◽  
Tarakant Bhagat
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
School Health ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population

Introduction: Odontophobia or dental fear is a “unique phobia with special psychosomaticcomponents that impact on the dental health of the odontophobia persons". It is well documentedthat dental fear has a significant impact on dental care utilization behaviors. The objective of thisstudy was to find out the level of dental fear among school children studying in government schoolsof Dharan, Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2017 among215 school going children of Dharan of age group 6 to 15 years. Ethical approval was obtained.Children studying in six different government schools of Dharan were selected using two stagecluster sampling method. The Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale was used to measuredental fear among the study group. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel Sheet 2007 and analyzed inStatistical Package of Social Sciences 11.5. Results: This study showed that among the total study population, 96 (44.7%) had high fear, 62(28.8%) had moderate fear and 57 (26.5%) had low dental fear. Among males, 29 (34.5%) had highfear whereas more than half of the female respondents had high fear. Conclusions: The present study showed that most of the school going children had high fear ofdental treatment. So, school health programs should be planned to make the children familiar todentistry and proper treatment modalities should be provided to make the child comfortable to seekdental care.

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