scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 related HIV, HBV, RSV, VZV, Enteric viruses, Influenza, DENV, S. aureus and TB co-infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 026-033
Author(s):  
Azhar Ammara ◽  
Saeed Umar ◽  
Piracha Zahra Zahid ◽  
Amjad Areesha ◽  
Ahmed Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Antibody Tests

SARS-CoV-2 a virulent disease that established the entire wide world due to its severity. Its 1st case was rumored in Wuhan, China within the year 2019 and it had been the beginning of this pandemic. This virus killed virtually a complete of 4,465,683 folks round the globe until date. Despite the fact that viral co-infections have the ability to alter the host’s illness pattern, few research have looked at the disease outcomes in patients who are infected with HIV and hCoVs. Despite the fact that HIV-positive people can be infected with hCoVs, researchers are now revealing that their chances of acquiring serious CoV-related disorders are typically similar to what is seen in the general population. The relation between SARS-CoV-2 and HBV was summarized rather HBV effects the severity of COVID patient or not. SARS-CoV-2 could be a severe acute metabolic process syndrome. Scientists found ways in which to treat this virus, some were useful and alternative weren’t that a lot of effective. Immunizing agent was one among the most important considerations for the entire world. This virus conjointly fashioned an entry for alternative co-infections too. SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, both causes respiratory diseases which confer as an extensive array of illness from asymptomatic or benign to critical disease and death. Also the mode of transmission and symptoms of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are same. Viral and bacterial rate is higher in SARS-CoV-2 negative patient but are comparable. Serologies facts confirmed that patients with effective results for dengue virus (DENV) NS1 antigen and anti-dengue IgM were also attentive to COVID-19 speedy antibody tests, suggesting dengue COVID-19 co-infection. Mixed infection of dengue and COVID-19 needs unique interest from all dengue-common nations in Asia, especially the ones with limited resources. To our knowledge, this is the primary showed case of co-infection of dengue and COVID-19 in Indonesia. During patient’s TB course, COVID-19 can occur at any time with worse consequences for the patients who are affected by active pulmonary disease.

scholarly journals The reporting of the mode of transmission among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Lviv oblast, Ukraine, 2014-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11.1) ◽  
pp. 122S-127S
Author(s):  
Maryana Sluzhynska ◽  
Olga Denisiuk ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Yulia Sereda ◽  
Gennadiy Slabkiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Sex With Men

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are one of the key populations driving HIV/AIDS epidemic globally. To date, MSM is the only population in Ukraine where the prevalence and incidence of HIV is increasing. As HIV-positive MSM might feel uncomfortable to report homosexual intercourses as a possible mode of transmission (MoT) of HIV, they prefer being registered as patients with heterosexual or non-defined MoT. This study aimed to calculate the proportion of misclassified MoT among HIV-positive MSM registered in Lviv oblast, Ukraine, during 2014-2018. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 127 HIV-positive MSM patients from Lviv region for the period of 2014-2018. Results: Out of 127 HIV-positive MSM included in the study, 110 (86.6%) were from urban areas. In addition, 52 patients (40.9%) were diagnosed with stage 1 HIV, 16 (12.6%) – stage 2, 19 (15%) – stage 3, and 36 (28.3%) – stage 4. CD4 count < 200 cells/μL was found in 35 (27.6%) patients. Mean time from registration to antiretroviral therapy initiation was 80 days. During the first visit to medical doctor out of those 48 patients who had previously reported “other modes” of HIV transmission, 33 patients (68.7%) disclosed homosexual MoT of HIV. The remaining 15 (31.3%) patients disclosed their homosexual MoT of HIV later – during their regular follow-up visits to the doctor. Conclusion: Special measures are needed to improve the reporting of homosexual MoT which can potentially strengthen the HIV care among MSM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Six Commercial Point-of-Care Tests for Diagnosis of Acute Dengue Infections: the Need for Combining NS1 Antigen and IgM/IgG Antibody Detection To Achieve Acceptable Levels of Accuracy

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2095-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart D. Blacksell ◽  
Richard G. Jarman ◽  
Mark S. Bailey ◽  
Ampai Tanganuchitcharnchai ◽  
Kemajittra Jenjaroen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Antibody Tests

ABSTRACTSix assays were evaluated in this study to determine their suitability for the diagnosis of acute dengue infection using samples from 259 Sri Lankan patients with acute fevers (99 confirmed dengue cases and 160 patients with other confirmed acute febrile illnesses): (i) the Merlin dengue fever IgG & IgM combo device (Merlin), (ii) the Standard Diagnostics Dengue Duo nonstructural 1 (NS1) antigen and IgG/IgM combo device (Standard Diagnostics, South Korea), (iii) the Biosynex Immunoquick dengue fever IgG and IgM (Biosynex, France) assay, (iv) the Bio-Rad NS1 antigen strip (Bio-Rad, France), (v) the Panbio Dengue Duo IgG/IgM Cassette (Inverness, Australia), and (vi) the Panbio dengue NS1 antigen strip (Inverness, Australia). The median number of days of fever prior to admission sample collection was 5 days (interquartile range, 3 to 7 days). Sensitivity and specificity of the NS1 antigen tests ranged from 49 to 59% and from 93 to 99%, respectively, and sensitivity and sensitivity of the IgM antibody test ranged from 71 to 80% and from 46 to 90%, respectively. Combining the NS1 antigen and IgM antibody results from the Standard Diagnostics Dengue Duo test gave the best compromise of sensitivity and specificity (93% and 89%, respectively) and provided the best sensitivity in patients presenting at different times after fever onset. The Merlin IgM/IgG antibody tests correctly classified 64% and 86% of the primary and secondary dengue infection cases, respectively, and the Standard Diagnostics IgM/IgG antibody tests correctly classified 71% and 83% of the primary and secondary dengue infection cases, respectively. This study provides strong evidence of the value of combining dengue antigen- and antibody-based test results in the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) format for the acute diagnosis of dengue.

scholarly journals The nosological structure of respiratory diseases in the pulmonology in-patient unit specifying the proportion of HIV positive patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
I. I. Dubrovskаya ◽  
L. V. Puzyrevа ◽  
O. A. Yaninа ◽  
A. Yu. Lobаstov ◽  
N. E. Didenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay

The objective of the study: to identify respiratory diseases specifying the proportion of HIV-positive patients who have to be admitted to the pulmonology department of an emergency hospital.Subjects and methods. All cases admitted to the pulmonology department of Emergency Relief Hospital no. 2, Omsk, from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed.Results. Among patients admitted to the pulmonology department of the emergency hospital in 2016-2019, pneumonia was the most frequent nosology – from 51.6% (2017) to 63.2% (2019) followed by chronic obstructive lung disease – from 29.1% (2016) to 18.1% (2019). The average duration of hospital stay for pneumonia increased from 9.2 (2016) to 15.4 days (2019) that could be indicative of more severe cases due to the increased proportion of HIV positive patients from 22.4% (2016) to 49.1% (2019). Of pneumonia with the detected pathogen, cases of bacterial pneumonia were the most frequent, but in 2019 there was a significant (up to 19.3%) increase in pneumocystosis pneumonia. The frequency of lung cancer diagnostics ranged from 1.2% (2018) to 2.1% (2017 and 2019), which was associated with the low quality of early diagnosis and admission to hospital due to development of complications. The frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis detection in the pulmonology department tends to decrease every year – from 5.3% (2016) to 3.3% (2019), while the average duration of hospital stay before tuberculosis is diagnosed ranges from 4.9 ( 2016) to 5.9 days (2018). Among diagnosed tuberculosis patients, the proportion of HIV-positive people grows up every year – from 31.6% (2016) to 87.2% (2019).

scholarly journals HIV and Human Coronavirus Coinfections: A Historical Perspective

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Palesa Makoti ◽  
Burtram C. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Seven human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are known to infect humans. The most recent one, SARS-CoV-2, was isolated and identified in January 2020 from a patient presenting with severe respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. Even though viral coinfections have the potential to influence the resultant disease pattern in the host, very few studies have looked at the disease outcomes in patients infected with both HIV and hCoVs. Groups are now reporting that even though HIV-positive patients can be infected with hCoVs, the likelihood of developing severe CoV-related diseases in these patients is often similar to what is seen in the general population. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of coinfections reported for HIV and hCoVs. Moreover, based on the available data, this review aimed to theorize why HIV-positive patients do not frequently develop severe CoV-related diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of respiratory viruses isolated from dogs in Thailand during 2008-2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawarat Posuwan ◽  
Sunchai Payungporn ◽  
Aunyaratana Thontiravong ◽  
Pravina Kitikoon ◽  
Alongkorn Amonsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Canine Influenza Virus ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Canine Influenza

Abstract Background: A highly contagious respiratory disease in canines is infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The cause of kennel cough has been associated with multiple or complex agents such as canine adeno virus (CAV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine para influenzavirus (CPIV). Objective: Study the prevalence of canine respiratory viruses detected from in Thailand during 2008-2009. Methods: Nasal swab samples collected from 102 healthy dogs and 109 dogs with respiratory diseases. Then CAV, CIV, CDV, and CPIV were detected by in-house nested PCR and further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Results: Nested PCR showed that primers designed and used in this study yielded high specificity without any non-specific amplification. The prevalence of CAV, CIV, CDV and CPIV in healthy dogs was 0%, 2.94%, 2.94%, and 0.98%, whereas that found in dogs with respiratory diseases was 9.17%, 1.83%, 2.75%, and 11.93%, respectively. In healthy dogs, co-infection with CPIV + CDV was detected in only 0.98%. On the other hand, dogs with respiratory symptoms showed multiple infections with CAV + CIV in 1.83%, CIV + CPIV in 0.92%, CAV + CPIV in 1.83%, and CAV + CDV + CPIV in 0.92%. Conclusion: The prevalence data obtained from this study may be useful for outbreak preventions and to raise awareness of potential transmission of the newly emerged canine influenza virus to humans.

scholarly journals Managing Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Baranov ◽  
L. S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
N. N. Volodin ◽  
I. V. Davydova ◽  
D. U. Ovsyannikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Russian Association

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the most significant early childhood chronic respiratory diseases. The article features modern approaches to preventing, diagnosing and treating broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, as well as ways of preventing complications and undesirable disease outcomes in patients older than 3 years. Members of professional associations — Union of Pediatricians of Russia and Russian Association of Perinatal Medicine Specialists — have summarized the experience of managing this category of patients at leading Russian pediatric centers according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and have provided scientific and practical data corresponding to the world level of knowledge with regard to the present problem.

scholarly journals Respiratory Diseases in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice II. Decreased Virulence of PR8 Influenza Virus

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Singer ◽  
P. Noguchi ◽  
R. L. Kirschstein
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Respiratory Diseases

scholarly journals Detection and Isolation of Airborne Influenza A H3N2 Virus Using a Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Lednicky ◽  
Julia C. Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Cascade Impactor ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosol ◽  
Influenza H3n2

The air we breathe contains microorganisms that can cause infectious respiratory diseases. After two occupants of an apartment were diagnosed with influenza in February of 2013, efforts were made to detect and isolate airborne influenza virus using two different types of active air samplers: a Sioutas Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler (PCIS) and an SKC BioSampler. The PCIS collects size-fractionated particles by impaction on polytetrafluoroethylene filters, whereas the SKC BioSampler collects airborne particles in liquid media. Influenza H3N2 virus was collected by both types of air samplers. The PCIS collected a range of particle sizes containing influenza virus near one of the sick individuals but only ultrafine particles when the samplers were positioned farther away. Viable virus was present in the liquid collection media of the SKC BioSampler and some PCIS filters. These findings suggest that influenza patients produce ultrafine aerosol particles that contain viable virus.

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