scholarly journals Screening of antibiotic residue in poultry in Kathmandu valley of Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 079-081
Author(s):  
R Sapkota ◽  
R Raut ◽  
S Khanal ◽  
M Gyawali ◽  
D Sahi
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M Amiya ◽  
Krishna C Poudel ◽  
Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar ◽  
Jun Kobayashi ◽  
Basu D Pandey ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0251016
Author(s):  
Richa Shah ◽  
Rogie Royce Carandang ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Junko Kiriya ◽  
...  

Introduction Frailty is a state of being vulnerable to adverse health outcomes such as falls, delirium, and disability in older people. Identifying frailty is important in a low-income setting to prevent it from progressing, reducing healthcare costs, increasing the chances of reversibility, and implementing effective interventions. The factors affecting frailty in older people living in old age homes could differ from those living in the community. This study was conducted to identify the factors associated with frailty in older people residing in old age homes and communities in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2019 in three districts of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Data were collected from 193 older people residing in old age homes and 501 residing in communities aged 60 and above using convenience sampling. Frailty was measured using the Groningen Frailty Indicator. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between independent variables and frailty. Results Frailty was more prevalent among older people in old age homes (71.5%) compared to those in the community (56.3%). Older people who were satisfied with their living environment had lower frailty scores in both old age homes (β = -0.20, p<0.01) and the community (β = -0.15, p<0.001). Those who had self-rated unhealthy lifestyle had higher frailty scores in both old age homes (β = 0.45, p<0.001) and the community (β = 0.25, p<0.001). In the community, those over 80 years of age had higher frailty scores (β = 0.15, p<0.01) and those with higher education had lower scores (β = -0.13, p<0.05). Conclusion The living environment and lifestyle are key modifiable risk factors of frailty, both in old age homes and the community. The findings suggest a need for lifestyle modification and reforms in building standards, especially in old age homes, to promote age-friendly communities.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0185773
Author(s):  
Meghnath Dhimal ◽  
Khem Bahadur Karki ◽  
Krishna Kumar Aryal ◽  
Bimala Dhimal ◽  
Hari Datt Joshi ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
S. Rimal ◽  
A. Adhikari ◽  
K. Khadka ◽  
B. Thapa ◽  
R. Acharya

 A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dirofilariosis in street dogs of Kathmandu valley and Siddharthanagar, Rupandehi from January 2019 to March 2019. .Blood sample from 155 dogs of Kathmandu Valley and 150 from Siddharthanagar municipality were collected and examined by Wet Smear, Modified Knott Technique and Buffy Coat methods. PCV value and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Data were analyzed to determine the Prevalence of Dirofilaria and correlation of infections with age, sex and biochemical parameters. The prevalence in Kathmandu valley was 0% (0/156) while the prevalence in Siddharthanagar was 19.33%., while the prevalence in direct smear, buffy coat and modified Knott technique were found to be 16%, 16% and 19.33% respectively. The prevalence were significantly (p<0.05) higher in old age and higher in 3-5 years of age i.e. 51.70%..Prevalence was higher in female (21.70%) than male (17.3%).AST and ALT were significantly (p<0.05) increased in infected dogs. Total protein, ALP, BUN, Creatinine level were elevated in the infected dogs.  


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110621
Author(s):  
José Damas ◽  
Margrethe Storm ◽  
Lok Raj Pandey ◽  
Gaetano Marrone ◽  
Keshab Deuba

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at great risk of HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). In order to properly design interventions and develop programmes for women who inject drugs, this study assessed the prevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and syphilis and its risk behaviours among women who inject drugs in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Methods: Through modified network sampling in three districts in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, this cross-sectional study enrolled a total of 160 women who inject drugs. Participants’ serum samples were tested for HIV, HCV, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and syphilis and risk behaviours were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Primary outcome variables were HIV, HCV, HBV and syphilis prevalence, and secondary outcome variables were sharing needles in the past month and using condom in last sexual intercourse. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine micro- and macroenvironmental factors associated with secondary outcomes. Results: The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV was 8.8%, 21.3%, and 1.9%, respectively. HIV-HCV co-infection rate was 5.6%. Fifteen percent of women who inject drugs reported transactional sex for drugs or money. One in four women who inject drugs (27.5%) reported that they were imprisoned or detained for drug related reasons. In multivariable analysis, women living with HIV who inject drugs were almost four times more likely to use a previously used needle/syringe than women who inject drugs who were HIV negative (aOR: 4.2 CI: 1.1-15.9, p = 0.03), but were almost four times more likely to use a condom during sexual intercourse (aOR: 3.5 CI: 1.1-28.9, p = 0.03). Enrolment in family planning was the main determinant for using condoms in last sexual intercourse (aOR 4.9 CI: 1.6-16.7, p = 0.006). Participants with access to HIV test and counselling (HTC) services were less likely to share needles (aOR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.8, p = 0.01). Conclusion: Prevalence of HIV and HCV is high among women who inject drugs in Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Women who inject drugs enrolled in national programmes such as family planning and HTC were positively associated with condom use, and less likely to share needles.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
K. Upadhyay-Dhungel ◽  
Bigyan Adhikari

Background and Objectives: Overweight/obesity is rising problem both in developed and developing countries. This condition is important because it can lead to many chronic health conditions and is responsible for both morbidity and mortality. Medical Representatives (MRs) is one of those jobs which require minimum physical activity with good salary. MRs spends most of the day time meeting doctors of different locations. These factors make them vulnerable to overweight/obesity. Material and Methods: This study is cross sectional study in Kathmandu Valley. MRs of different company were the part of this study. Anthropometric measurements weight and height were used to calculate BMI and BMI was used to classify whether individual was normal or overweight/obesity. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess dietary and other lifestyle factors. Data were analyzed in SPSS to find out relationships between different factors and overweight/obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was found to be 64.93%. Men were significantly more overweight/obese than women. Age, Income and most of the dietary/lifestyles factors were found to be significant with overweight/obesity. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight/obesity among MR was found to be high. MR job can be considered vulnerable to overweight/obesity because of alteration in many dietary and lifestyle factors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (235) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwesh Bhatta ◽  
Rishi Kesh Kafley ◽  
Arabindra Yadav ◽  
Rajan Phuyal ◽  
Vijaya Kumar Chikanbanjar

Introduction: Psychological health problems are common in adolescent and young adults. The psychological well-being is greatly influenced by stressful environment and the coping mechanism of an individual. The 2019 Coronavirus disease has caused unprecedented morbidity and mortality worldwide owing to its high infectivity and mortality. In addition to these physical manifestations, psychological impact has also been substantial. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study done to find out the prevalence of anxiety disorder and its severity during the COVID-19 pandemic in school going adolescents of Kathmandu valley. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescents from August 15 to September 30, 2020. Two private schools from each district in the Kathmandu valley i.e. Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur were included in the study using convenient sampling. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee (reference no: 1208202007). All data were inserted on Microsoft Excel 2016 and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 358 students, 165 (46.1%) at 95% Confidence Interval (40.8-51.2) were found to have anxiety. Out of these patients, 115 (69.7%) had mild, 39 (23.6%) had moderate and 11 (6.7%) had severe anxiety. The mean age was 16.17±1.57 years. Conclusions: This study shows that a remarkably higher number of children had symptoms of anxiety disorder. Majority of the children with anxiety had mild form. The study further highlights the need of emotional support to adolescent children during the current ongoing pandemic.


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