scholarly journals A review of research process, data collection and analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-006
Author(s):  
Niraula* SR
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

Grounded Theory Methodology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sebastian Ruppel ◽  
Günter Mey
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Grounded Theory Methodology ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Sampling

Grounded theory methodology is one of the most widely used approaches to collect and analyze data within qualitative research. It can be characterized as a framework for study design, data collection, and analysis, which aims at the development of middle-range theories. The final result of such a study is called a “grounded theory,” and it consists of categories that are related to each other. Health and risk message design researchers working with grounded theory methodology are explicitly invited to use any kind of data they consider suitable for a particular project. Grounded theory methodology studies were originally based on intense fieldwork data, but in the meantime, interviews have become the most widely used type of data. In addition, there is a growing interest in using visual data such as pictures or film. Grounded theory methodology originated from sociology, but has since been applied in many different disciplines. This widened application went along with modifications, new developments, and innovations, and led to several current variants of grounded theory methodology. Basic features of grounded theory methodology include theoretical sampling, specific coding procedures with a comparative approach to analysis, and memo writing. The strategy of theoretical sampling requires that theoretical insights gained from the analysis of initially collected data guide subsequent data collection. Hence, during the research process data collection and analysis alternate and interact. For data analysis, different ways of coding enable the researcher to develop increasingly abstract conceptual ideas and reflections, first embodied in codes, later in categories. This analytical process allows for a step-by-step development of categories that are grounded in data. Category development entails comparisons at all stages, for example, of different cases during sampling, of different data pieces, and of different codes and categories during analysis. As a result, grounded theory methodology is also known as the constant comparative method. Throughout the research process the researcher writes memos and keeps track of the development of conceptual ideas, methodological reflections, and practical to-dos. Today, many researchers use software specifically developed to assist the process of qualitative data analysis.

Organizational Identity in Nonprofit Communication about Disability

2014 ◽  
pp. 358-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Lellis
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Organizational Identities ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

This chapter describes the research process used to uncover and describe the organizational identities of ten nonprofit organizations that serve persons with disabilities. Identities were measured by examining the values used in a variety of marketing and public relations materials. This chapter 1) describes how DICTION was selected as a viable option for data analysis, 2) reveals the process of augmenting and building upon a previously tested values instrument with custom dictionaries, and 3) explains how the results were interpreted and used to describe the organizational identities of ten nonprofit organizations. The challenges of data collection and analysis are discussed. Future directions for values-based research are proposed. Discussion relates the results to the challenges inherent in disability-related communication.

scholarly journals RESCRIPTING FAILURE: THE REFLEXIVE STORIES THAT FIELDWORK TELLS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Lammes ◽  
Larissa Hjorth ◽  
Ingrid Richardson ◽  
Kat Jungnickel ◽  
Anna Hickey-Moody
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Understanding ◽  
Media Practices ◽  
Core Part

Researching everyday media practices is a messy and tricky business fraught with uncertainty. In this panel the authors ask how stories of failure, especially during fieldwork, can be rethought as a meaningful emergent method and approach. How can we productively reframe failure as a core part of the research process that cannot be subsumed into the telos of a success story after the research has been completed? How does does failure work in research? Our approach takes a different stance from dominant stories in the tech industry and geek economy, where failure is often represented in linear, heroic, gendered and individualistic ways, retrospectively rendering mess as instrumental to success. Similarly, within academia there are many research processes in which failure is instrumentalised or obscured—from writing up fieldwork into neatly packaged case-studies, to causal accounts of effective intervention. Progress narratives of knowledge production have been subject to much debate and criticism. What has been less discussed is how failures work as sometimes uncontainable aspects of research praxes—how they are endemic to the process of data collection and analysis, materializing while in the field. In this panel we suggest that these experiences are core to the thickness of fieldwork—they disclose the messiness and dynamics of the social, and should be included in the stories we tell. This panel aims to liberate discussion about failure to render it visible and core to understanding the politics and ethics of fieldwork and the research process. Through a series of stories from our fieldwork, we seek to further critical understanding of methodologies and techniques of failure, and argue for our obligations as researchers to talk about what happens when things go wrong.

scholarly journals تحليل بحث النقد الأدبي العربي النسوي من خلال منظور الفلسفي

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-183
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naufal Annabil
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Logical Framework ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Testing Framework ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Philosophical Framework

The aim of this article is to analyze a feminist Arabic literary criticism research from a philosophical perspective, which includes the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of the research. The research subject analyzed was the poem "Sihru Sītā" which was translated by Usman Arrumi from Indonesian poet; Sapardi Djoko Damono. It can be seen that the diction used in poetry seems to corner the image of women in the form of women's oppression over men. As for the philosophical framework in completing the scientific research process, at least it needs to go through various stages, which include identifying problems, formulating problems, compiling a conceptual framework, formulating hypotheses, research methods that include data collection and analysis methods, and finally in the form of conclusions from research. Scientific knowledge, including Arabic literary research, can be said to be correct when a combination of rationalism and empiricism appears. Rationalism provides a coherent and logical framework of thought, whereas empiricism provides a testing framework to ascertain the correctness of that knowledge.

Electronic Data Collection Methods

2007 ◽  
pp. 28-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
S. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Electronic Data Collection ◽  
Focus Group Research ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

This chapter discusses the application of new technologies to scholarly research. It highlights the process, benefits and challenges of online data collection and analysis with three case studies, the online survey method, online focus groups and email interviews. The online survey method is described as it was undertaken to collect and collate data for the evaluation of e-business in Australia. The online focus group research is described as it was applied to complete research on e-commerce with small business. The email interviews applied to collect information from a virtual community of global respondents to assess the impact of interaction between members on B2C e-commerce. The research process, its advantages and disadvantages are elaborated for all three e-research methods.

scholarly journals Shifting to Virtual CBPR Protocols in the Time of Corona Virus/COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692097731
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Salerno Valdez ◽  
Aline Gubrium
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Community Advisory Board ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Sustainability Planning ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

COVID-19 has upended community based participatory research (CBPR) projects across the United States and globally. COVID-19 disproportionately impacts historically disenfranchised communities and communities of color, the very communities that CBPR is meant to engage, elevate, and support. In-person activities that help develop rapport and research protocols, build capacity, conduct collaborative data collection and analysis, disseminate findings to the community, and engage in sustainability planning are an impossible practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this article is to describe the challenges and facilitators of shifting to a virtual/online CBPR protocol with a Massachusetts community disproportionately affected by COVID19, as a means to keep them engaged in the research process and to elevate their experiences, perspectives, and voices during this critical time. We include insights about how to facilitate recruitment and compensate community members, form a community advisory board (CAB), hold CAB meetings, and transition participatory qualitative data collection, analysis, and dissemination to a virtual/online framework.

Research Methodologies, Data Collection, and Analysis at MailChimp

2015 ◽  
pp. 170-189
Author(s):  
Gregg Bernstein ◽  
Laurissa Wolfram-Hvass
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Methodologies ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Research Questions

Research plays a crucial role in understanding and improving the user experience. In this case study, members of software company MailChimp's Research team explain the company's data collection, analysis, and communication methodologies. Using methods that include customer interviews, big data, reports, and short films, the team moves through the research process, beginning with research questions and concluding with actionable insights.

scholarly journals La construction de l’hypothèse dans une recherche qualitative, une illustration à partir de l’étude sur la distance sociale à l’innovation dans la production d’attiéké en Côte d’Ivoire.

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5553-5558
Author(s):  
De Bloganqueaux Soho Rusticot DROH ◽  
Aubin Jacob MOBIO
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Sciences Sociales

Résumé : Les spécialistes de méthodologie reconnaissent que l’hypothèse est un élément déterminant dans toutes études en sciences sociales. Cependant ces derniers ne s’accordent pas sur son statut et rôle dans ces études. Pour certains son statut et son rôle consistent à la vérification de la véracité des hypothèses ou théories identifiées préalablement par le chercheur, d’autres soutiennent que l’hypothèse dans une étude qualitative se construit tout au long du processus de recherche en fonction des directions et ouvertures induites par la collecte des données. Cet article illustre à partir d’un cas, le processus de construction de l’hypothèse dans une démarche qualitative de type Grounded theory.  Ainsi il démontre que la construction de l’hypothèse de cette recherche est partie d’une hypothèse (H1) qui a émergée d’une analyse de données, puis s’est progressivement construit dans un processus itératif et circulaire au gré des orientations du couple collecte et analyse des données. Abstract : Methodologists agree that hypothesis is a determining element in all social science studies. However, they do not agree on its status and role in these studies. For some, its status and role consists in verifying the veracity of the hypothesis or theories previously identified by the researcher, others argue that the hypothesis in a qualitative study is constructed throughout the research process according to the directions and openings induced by data collection. This article illustrates, from a case, the process of constructing the hypothesis in a qualitative approach of Grounded theory type. Thus, he demonstrates that the construction of the hypothesis of this research is start of a hypothesis (H1) that emerged from a data analysis, then gradually built into an iterative and circular process according to the orientations of data collection and analysis. Keywords : 

scholarly journals The Influence of Power Shifts in Data Collection and Analysis Stages : A Focus on Qualitative Research Interview

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Anyan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Power Shifts ◽  
Interview Situation ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Research Interview ◽  
Interview Methodology ◽  
Practical Recommendations

This paper analyzes the power relation between the interviewer and the interviewee in the qualitative research interview methodology. The paper sets out to grapple with the extent to which the dynamisms in power shifts influence data collection and analysis in the interview methodology. The exploration of power shifts in the qualitative research interview facilitates comprehensive understanding of the nuances of the data by providing more information about the interviewee and the interviewer. This enhances a deeper discerning into the research process, and the topics discussed. This paper also elaborates on how interviewees as well as interviewers display their countermeasures to each other in the course of the interview situation and presents a greater understanding of the power dynamics that exist between the interviewer and interviewee. Power asymmetry seems to be an exasperating circumstance in the interview methodology as pointed out by the discussions in this article. This article also discusses practical recommendations for minimizing the power dynamic s during data analysis in the qualitative research interview.

scholarly journals Eleven Pitfalls in Qualitative Research: Some Perils Every Emerging Scholar and Doctoral Student Should Be Aware Of!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhar Oplatka
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Preparatory Phase ◽  
Current Article

The current article analyzes potential pitfalls that each emergent researcher might face during the qualitative research process and illuminates adequate strategies to cope with them effectively. The author's personal and professional experience in supervising doctoral and MA students in their qualitative research and students' own reflections on the pitfalls they have faced are used as resources for this paper. Eleven pitfalls are depicted in this paper, divided into four phases in the research process, beginning from the preparatory phase in which the researcher plans the research program, through data collection and analysis, to the final phase of writing the research report. The paper provides some practical strategies to cope with these pitfalls successfully and effectively.

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