scholarly journals Prevalence and measurement of anxiety and depression in nurses during COVID pandemic in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 059-063
Author(s):  
Chandra Ayush ◽  
Chandra Avinash ◽  
Sharma Nabina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety Scale

Background: Anxiety and depression are under reported, underdiagnosed mental illness in health worker in Nepal especially during COVID pandemic. The study was carried out as an observational study on nurses in Nepal. In this study we attempted to assess the incidence and impact of depression and anxiety in nurses who are working upfront in different hospitals during this crisis. Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among nurses in Nepal during COVID pandemic who are working in various hospitals. Method: A cross-sectional non-probability purposive sampling with observational analysis was carried out and the sample was collected from nurses working in different hospitals. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was assessed using a structured and validated questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed with the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaires (GAD) with a cut-off score for various levels of anxiety while Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to assess depression. Result: The analysis of these different scales revealed that disabling anxiety prevailed at highest (43.6%) in nursing staff according to HAM-A scale. Moderate anxiety also seemed to be higher (> 20%) in GAD questionnaire. Conclusion: This is the first study carried out in Nepal that investigates the mental health of nurses who are working in the frontline in this COVID pandemic situation. The study revealed that our nurses who have given their life in the line are suffering from serious mental health problems.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Measurement of Anxiety and Depression in Nurses During Covid Pandemic in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Karki ◽  
George B. J. Katwal ◽  
Ayush Chandra ◽  
Avinash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Abstract BackgroundAnxiety and depression are under reported, underdiagnosed mental illness inhealth worker in Nepal especially during COVID pandemic.The study was carried out as an observational studyon nurses in Nepal. In this study we attempted to assess the incidence and impact of depression and anxietyin nurses who are working upfront in different hospitals during this crisis.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among nurses in Nepal during COVID pandemic who are working in various hospitals.MethodA cross-sectional non-probability purposive sampling with observational analysis was carried out and the sample was collected from nurses working in different hospitals. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was assessed using a structured and validated questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed with theHamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaires (GAD) with a cut-off score for various levels of anxiety while Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)was used to assess depression.ResultThe analysis of these different scales revealed that disabling anxiety prevailed at highest (43.6%) in nursing staff according to HAM-A scale. Moderateanxiety also seemed to be higher (>20%) in GAD questionnaire. ConclusionThis is the first study carried out in Nepal that investigates the mental health of nurses who are working in the frontline in this COVID pandemic situation. The study revealed that our nurses who have given their life in the line are suffering from serious mental health problems.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Measurement of Anxiety and Depression in Working Nurses in Nepal: A Reflection of Professional Hazard in Low Income Nation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Karki ◽  
George W. B. J. Katwal ◽  
Ayush Chandra ◽  
Avinash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Anxiety, Depression is one of the under reported, underdiagnosed in Nepal though it is the leading cause of incapacitation and is the leading healthcare burden worldwide. The prevalence of anxiety, depression among health personnel is not reported. In this study we attempted to assess the incidence and impact of depression and anxiety in nurses who are working upfront in different hospitals. Method A cross-sectional study and observational analysis was carried out and the sample was collected from nurses working in different hospitals who had spent 6 months or more time as a working nurse in those hospitals. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was assessed using a structured validated questionnaire, The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) with a cut-off score for various levels of anxiety. Similarly, General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaires (GAD), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to assess depression and anxiety. Result The analysis of these different scales revealed that disabling anxiety prevailed at highest (43.6%) in nursing staff according to HAM-A scale. Moderate anxiety also seemed to be higher (>20%) in GAD questionnaire. The moderate to severe anxiety prevailed in majority of our study participants in all these scales (HAM-A, HAM-D, GAD). Interestingly, there seemed a strong association between HAM-A to GAD (p=0.008). Conclusions This is probably the first study of its kind that reports on the prevalence of anxiety, depression in the nurses who work in different hospitals in Nepal. We hope this study also depicts the mental health problems that the nursing professionals are suffering in other nations as well. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Nurse, Mental Health, Low- and Middle-Income Countries

scholarly journals Prevalence and Measurement of Anxiety and Depression in Working Nurses in Nepal: A Reflection of Professional Hazard in Low Income Nation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Karki ◽  
George W. B. J. Katwal ◽  
Ayush Chandra ◽  
Avinash Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Anxiety, Depression is one of the under reported, underdiagnosed in Nepal though it is the leading cause of incapacitation and is the leading healthcare burden worldwide. The prevalence of anxiety, depression among health personnel is not reported. In this study we attempted to assess the incidence and impact of depression and anxiety in nurses who are working upfront in different hospitals.Method A cross-sectional study was carried out and the sample was collected from nurses working in different hospitals who had spent 6 months or more time as a working nurse in those hospitals. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was assessed using a structured validated questionnaire, The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) with a cut-off score for various levels of anxiety. Similarly, General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaires (GAD), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to assess depression and anxiety.Result The analysis of these different scales revealed that disabling anxiety prevailed at highest (43.6%) in nursing staff according to HAM-A scale. Moderate anxiety also seemed to be higher (>20%) in GAD questionnaire. The moderate to severe anxiety prevailed in majority of our study participants in all these scales (HAM-A, HAM-D, GAD). Interestingly, there seemed a strong association between HAM-A to GAD (p=0.008).Conclusions This is probably the first study of its kind that reports on the prevalence of anxiety, depression in the nurses who work in different hospitals in Nepal. We hope this study also depicts the mental health problems that the medical professionals are suffering in other nations as well.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression during COVID-19 in Elite Rugby Players: The Role of Mindfulness Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11940
Author(s):  
Kearnan Myall ◽  
Jesus Montero-Marin ◽  
Willem Kuyken
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Athletic Identity ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Mindfulness Skills ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Return To Competition

The COVID-19 pandemic created stressors that raised the likelihood of elite athletes experiencing mental health problems. Understanding how individual traits promote resilience is key to offering treatments specific to this population. This prospective study explores the relationship between mindfulness skills, resilience, and athletic identity on anxiety and depression. The initial assessment was during the first UK lockdown April–May 2020 (T1), and the second during the return to competition July-August 2020 (T2). The sample was 160 elite rugby players. Measures included: Personal Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, Cognitive Affective Mindfulness Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Athletic Identity Measurement. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was profiled with descriptive statistics, and relationships between variables with bi-variate correlations and forward stepwise regression modelling. Depression decreased significantly between lock down (T1) and return to competition (T2) (MT1 = 4.20, MT2 = 3.24, p < 0.01), with no significant change in anxiety. Significant correlations were found between mindfulness, resilience, and anxiety and depression (≤0.001). Regression showed that mindfulness (T1) predicted lower anxiety and depression during the return to competition (T2) after controlling for baseline mental health symptoms. Returning to competition after lockdown was associated with a reduction in depression but not anxiety. Mindfulness skills potentially confer protection against anxiety and depression.

scholarly journals Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the USA

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106774
Author(s):  
Fan-Yun Lan ◽  
Christian Suharlim ◽  
Stefanos N Kales ◽  
Justin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Health State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Retail Workers

ObjectivesTo investigate SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) infection and exposure risks among grocery retail workers, and to investigate their mental health state during the pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2020 in a single grocery retail store in Massachusetts, USA. We assessed workers’ personal/occupational history and perception of COVID-19 by questionnaire. The health outcomes were measured by nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) results, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).ResultsAmong 104 workers tested, 21 (20%) had positive viral assays. Seventy-six per cent positive cases were asymptomatic. Employees with direct customer exposure had an odds of 5.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 24.8) being tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after adjustments. As to mental health, the prevalence of anxiety and depression (ie, GAD-7 score >4 or PHQ-9 score >4) was 24% and 8%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, those able to practice social distancing consistently at work had odds of 0.3 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.9) and 0.2 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.99) screening positive for anxiety and depression, respectively. Workers commuting by foot, bike or private cars were less likely to screen positive for depression (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.7).ConclusionsIn this single store sample, we found a considerable asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among grocery workers. Employees with direct customer exposure were five times more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Those able to practice social distancing consistently at work had significantly lower risk of anxiety or depression.

scholarly journals Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in UK Thalidomide Survivors: A Brief Survey

Disabilities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Newbronner ◽  
Ruth Wadman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
The Uk

Between 1958 and 1961, the drug Thalidomide was prescribed in the UK as a treatment for morning sickness. It caused severe birth defects. Thalidomide survivors are now experiencing a range of secondary health problems, including depression and anxiety. Internationally, it is estimated that 40% to 50% of Thalidomide survivors have recently experienced common mental health problems. The aim of this study was to gather information about the pattern of symptoms of depression and anxiety amongst UK Thalidomide survivors. A cross-sectional postal survey of 182 UK Thalidomide survivors, which used Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) to measure self-reported depression and anxiety, was conducted. Data were first analysed using descriptive statistics. A point-biserial correlation was used to examine whether being unable to work was associated with higher depression and anxiety scores. Prevalence of all levels of depression and anxiety was higher amongst the Thalidomide survivors than the general UK population but broadly similar to other groups of adults with disabling conditions. Being unable to work was associated with higher depression and anxiety scores. More research is needed to understand the relationship between early acquired physical disability and depression, in particular the implications, over the life course, of secondary health problems and changing social roles.

scholarly journals Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan-Yun Lan ◽  
Christian Suharlim ◽  
Stefanos N. Kales ◽  
Justin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Health State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Retail Workers

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) infection and exposure risks among grocery retail workers, and to investigate their mental health state during the pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2020 in a single grocery retail store in Massachusetts, USA. We assessed workers’ personal/occupational history and perception of COVID-19 by questionnaire. The health outcomes were measured by nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results, GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) and PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9).ResultsAmong 104 workers tested, twenty-one (20%) had positive viral assays. Seventy-six percent positive cases were asymptomatic. After multi-variate adjustments, employees with direct customer exposure had an odds of 4.7 (95% CI 1.2 to 32.0) being tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, while smokers had an odds of 0.1 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.8) having positive assay. As to mental health, the prevalence of anxiety and depression (i.e. GAD-7 score > 4 or PHQ-9 score >4) was 24% and 8%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, those able to practice social distancing consistently at work had odds of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.7) and 0.1 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.6) screening positive for anxiety and depression, respectively.ConclusionsWe found a considerable asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection rate among grocery workers. Employees with direct costumer exposure were 5 times more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2, while cigarette smokers were 90% less likely to have positive assays. Those able to practice social distancing consistently at work had significantly lower risk of anxiety or depression.

scholarly journals Media consumption and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: a UK cross-sectional study across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth D Neill ◽  
Carolyn Blair ◽  
Paul Best ◽  
Emily McGlinchey ◽  
Cherie Armour
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Data Collection

Abstract Aim As individuals adjust to new ‘norms’ and ways of living during the COVID-19 lockdown, there is a continuing need for up-to-date information and guidance. Evidence suggests that frequent media exposure is related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems, especially anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether COVID-19 related media consumption is associated with changes in mental health outcomes. Methods This paper presents baseline data from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. The cross-sectional study data was collected using an online survey following the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with some other basic information collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influence of socio-demographic and media specific factors on anxiety and depression. Results The study suggested that media usage is statistically significantly associated with anxiety and depression on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales with excessive media exposure related to higher anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion This study indicated that higher media consumption was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Worldwide it should be acknowledged that excessive media consumption, particularly social media relating to COVID-19, can have an effect on mental health. However, as this was a cross-sectional study we cannot infer any directionality as we cannot infer cause and effect; therefore, future research involving longitudinal data collection and analyses of variables over time is warranted.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN KORBAN GEMPA LOMBOK

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEWI NURSUKMA PURQOTI ◽  
Zurriyatun Thoyyibah ◽  
ELISA OKTAVIANA
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Number

Earthquakes are consistently proven to relate of mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorders immediately after disaster. This condition will deteriorate if not detected early and well handled, so it requires mental health services (trauma healing). Excessive anxiety can have a detrimental impact on the mind as well as the body can even cause physical illness. Objectives: The study aims to determine the level of anxiety victims of Lombok earthquake. Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. Sampling techniques used by Purposive Sampling with a sample number of 40 people. Data analysis used is univariate with data presented in narrative form, frequency distribution table and percentage. Results: The results showed that 15 respondents experienced mild anxiety (37.5%) and 25 respondents experienced moderate anxiety (62.5%).  Discussion: In addition to physical impact, earthquake incidence also raises mental health problems, one of which is anxiety. Anxiety is a response to a specific situation that threatens and is a normal thing to happen. The instruments used in this study are the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) questionnaire. Anxiety in the medium category still experienced by respondents can be influenced by gender, age, level of education and experience in the event of an earthquake. Conclusion: most of the respondents in this study is still experiencing moderate anxiety.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Police Personnel during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study in North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Mital ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duty Hours ◽  
Police Personnel

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has posed a public health threat to the whole world. The frontline line workers including police personnel involved in COVID-19 management and containment are at risk of mental health problems. Aims: To estimate mental health problems like stress, anxiety, and depression in police personnel and to determine their underlying drivers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among police personnel of city Rohtak in April 2020. 8 police stations and 13 check-posts were selected randomly by lottery method. Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21 Scale was used. Statistical analyses were undertaken using MS Excel, Epi Info, and R software. Results: 298 policemen were screened for mental problems. Their mean age was 39 ± 9.7 years. 20.1%, 13.8%, and 3.4% had stress, anxiety, and depression respectively. 172 (57.7%) respondents were not satisfied with their COVID duty hours. 239 (80.2%) subjects believed that they are at risk of getting the infection due to their duties in COVID-19 containment zones. About 68.8% of participants believed that their families were at risk of getting the infection because of their COVID-19 duty. The study subjects who were not satisfied with their duty hours had 2.4 and 3.5 times more risk of stress and anxiety as compared with those who were satisfied with them. Conclusion: Policemen are at significant risk for stress, anxiety, and depression due to COVID related duties. Identifiable risk factors were number of working hours per day, dissatisfaction with duty hours, and risk of contracting corona infection due to COVID-19 duty.

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