scholarly journals Suicidal behaviors as a risk factor among heroin addicts with comorbid depression: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-004
Author(s):  
Mustafa Nazia ◽  
Haleem Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference

high on the variable of suicidal ideation, hostility and hopelessness ((p < .05) as compared to those with low depression. And there was no significant difference on the variable of negative self-evaluation for both groups (p > .05). So it was concluded that services for patients with Heroin addiction should include periodic screening for suicidal behavior along with psychiatric treatment and psychosocial support.

Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Irish Travellers Presenting for Emergency Care

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bryan Tanner ◽  
Anne M. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a serious problem in the Traveller community, with rates estimated at 11%: over 6 times that of the general population. Aims: We aimed to establish the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation (SI) and self-harm (SH) among Irish Travellers. Method: This was an observational cross-sectional cohort study of patients presenting with SH and SI to a tertiary hospital in Ireland, in an area with a large local Traveller population. Data were analyzed from the anonymized database ( n = 2,016), comparing characteristics of Travellers and the general population. Results: This study found that Travellers (1.6% of the local population) represent 4.3% of the population seen in hospital with SH and SI, and 14.8% of episodes. There was a significant difference in SH methods used: Travellers were significantly more likely to present following attempted hanging, ( OR = 21.8; p = .004). Travellers were more commonly diagnosed with depression or substance abuse, referred from critical care, and transferred for inpatient psychiatric treatment. Limitations: Limitations include the use of retrospective data from a service activity database rather than clinical information collected prospectively. Conclusion: There are significant differences in patterns of suicidal behaviors between Irish Travellers and the general population. Further research is required to understand and address the high rates of suicidal behaviors in this population.

Suicidal Ideation in Pakistani College Students

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehar Khokher ◽  
Murad M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Suicidal behavior includes ideation, attempts and completed suicides. Information on suicidal behavior from Pakistan, a conservative South Asian Islamic country, is lacking. To address the issue, a pilot study was carried out to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation in Pakistani college students. Suicidal ideation was assessed on the basis of responses to four questions contained in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire-28. Of the total 217 completed questionnaires, the overall rate of suicidal ideation was 31.4%. While there was no significant difference between genders, more females (33%) than males (29.2%) responded positively. Respondents belonging to single parent families and those living at home, compared to those using hostel facilities, reported higher rates. The reported rate in our sample is higher than similar studies conducted elsewhere. There is the need for more information in this important area of suicidal behavior, including studying such feelings in school going children as well as in a larger community sample. The findings of such studies can contribute to our understanding of the suicidal process in the Pakistani population and to address it at various levels.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Compassion, Self-Esteem and Suicidal Ideation among a Cohort of University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Yosr M. El-Masri ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Monshed
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Context: Self-compassion and self-esteem are positive personality traits that save us during life imperfection, so both can play a vital role in self-regulating behaviors to decrease suicidal ideation. Aim:  Explore the relationship between self-compassion, self-esteem, and suicidal ideation among a cohort of university students. Methods: Cross-sectional research design was used. This study was conducted at Al Delta University for Science and Technology- College of Engineering and Oral and Dental Medicine, Dhakahlia Governorate, Egypt. A convenient sample of 249 undergraduate university students was recruited. Self-Administered Questionnaire, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), The Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), and The Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Results: 14% of the studied sample reported that they frequently have suicidal thoughts, while 28.12% reported that they sometimes have a suicidal attempt. Suicidal behavior was inversely and highly significantly correlated with self-esteem (P-value < 0.03), and also self-compassion was inversely and significantly related to suicidal behavior (P-value < 0.02). In contrast, self-compassion and self-esteem were positively and highly significantly correlated (P-value <0.001). Additionally, the higher mean score for having self-esteem and self-compassion was among students who had a sleep regularly (18.38±9.94 and13.8±3.10 respectively), and the students who are doing physical activities had the highest mean score (26.88±7.06 and 21.24±11.1 respectively) with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Less than half of the students had sometimes and frequently at other times thinking of suicide.  Self-esteem and self-compassion were significantly correlated, and suicidal behavior was significantly affected by students' self-esteem and self-compassion. The supportive resources through academic guidance and psychological counseling units that are staffed and supervised by psychologists, activating student extracurricular activities and sports clubs, will help enhance self-esteem and self-compassion and consequently minimize suicidal behaviors.

Suicidal Behavior in Swiss Students: An 18-Month Follow-up Survey

Crisis ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Buddeberg ◽  
Barbara Buddeberg-Fischer ◽  
Gabriela Gnam ◽  
Jürg Schmid ◽  
Stephan Christen
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Mental Impairment ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Psychological Disturbances ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse

Suicidal behavior and its relationship with other mental disturbances was assessed in an epidemiological study of 1937 Swiss adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. During the most recent 12 months, 27.5% of the females and 16.1%of the males reported suicidal ideation, while 3.3% of the girls and 1.0% of the boys reported suicidal ideation. Suicidality was significantly correlated with physical and mental impairment, alcohol and drug abuse. Of the total epidemiological sample, 475 students (24.5%) were reassessed 12 and 18 months later. Of this follow-up sample, 37 females (12.4%) and 10 males (5.6%) described suicidal ideation as a continuing problem. They revealed significantly more psychiatric symptoms than nonpersistent ideators. Three girls (1.0%) and one boy (0.6%) reported suicide attempts during the follow-up period of 18 months. Only one out of six of the ideators of both sexes received psychiatric treatment. The findings indicate that transient suicidal ideation is common in adolescents. Persistent suicidal behavior appears to be a sign of severe social and psychological disturbances and is associated with serious physical and mental impairment. There is a high risk of completed suicide for youths who demonstrate persistent suicidal ideation, and far more substantial prevention efforts should be designed and implemented to address the circumstances of these youths.

Presence and Persistence of Sleep-Related Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in Psychiatric Inpatients

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Nadorff ◽  
Thomas E. Ellis ◽  
Jon G. Allen ◽  
E. Samuel Winer ◽  
Steve Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Improve Method ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Treatment Termination ◽  
Suicidal Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Although sleep is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior, research has yet to examine the association between sleep problems and suicidality across the course of inpatient treatment. This study examined the relationship among sleep-related symptoms and suicidal ideation across inpatient treatment. Aims: To examine whether poor sleep at admission longitudinally predicts less improvement in suicidal ideation over the course of treatment. Further, to examine whether suicidal ideation is reduced in patients whose sleep does not improve. Method: The study utilized the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II, which contains items measuring depressive symptoms, sleep-related symptoms, and suicidal ideation. The study sample consisted of 1,529 adult psychiatric inpatients. Patients were assessed at admission, biweekly, and at treatment termination. Results: Admission fatigue, loss of energy, and change in sleep pattern were associated with higher levels of suicidal ideation at admission and discharge. Fatigue at admission predicted suicidal ideation at termination independent of admission depression and suicidal ideation. Individuals whose sleep did not improve over the course of treatment had significantly higher suicidal ideation scores at termination relative to those whose sleep symptoms improved, after controlling for sleep, depression, and suicidal ideation scores at admission. Conclusion: These findings suggest that persistence of sleep-related symptoms warrants clinical attention in the treatment of suicidal patients.

Serotonergic Genes and Suicidality

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisheng Du ◽  
Gabor Faludi ◽  
Miklos Palkovits ◽  
David Bakish ◽  
Pavel D. Hrdina
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Completed Suicide

Summary: Several lines of evidence indicate that abnormalities in the functioning of the central serotonergic system are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive illness and suicidal behavior. Studies have shown that the number of brain and platelet serotonin transporter binding sites are reduced in patients with depression and in suicide victims, and that the density of 5-HT2A receptors is increased in brain regions of depressed in suicide victims and in platelets of depressed suicidal patients. Genes that code for proteins, such as tryptophan hydroxylase, 5-HT transporter, and 5-HT2A receptor, involved in regulating serotonergic neurotransmission, have thus been major candidate genes for association studies of suicide and suicidal behavior. Recent studies by our group and by others have shown that genetic variations in the serotonin-system-related genes might be associated with suicidal ideation and completed suicide. We have shown that the 102 C allele in 5-HT2A receptor gene was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (χ2 = 8.5, p < .005) in depressed patients. Patients with a 102 C/C genotype had a significantly higher mean HAMD item #3 score (indication of suicidal ideation) than T/C or T/T genotype patients. Our results suggest that the 102T/C polymorphism in 5-HT2A receptor gene is primarily associated with suicidal ideation in patients with major depression and not with depression itself. We also found that the 5-HT transporter gene S/L polymorphism was significantly associated with completed suicide. The frequency of the L/L genotype in depressed suicide victims was almost double of that found in control group (48.6% vs. 26.2%). The odds ratio for the L allele was 2.1 (95% CI 1.2-3.7). The association between polymorphism in serotonergic genes and suicidality supports the hypothesis that genetic factors can modulate suicide risk by influencing serotonergic activity.

Comparative Study between Endoscopic Aided Septoplasty with Two Handed Technique using Endoholder and Conventional Septoplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Apar Pokharel ◽  
Naganawalachullu Jaya Prakash Mayya ◽  
Nabin Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Deviated Nasal Septum ◽  
Endoscopic Septoplasty ◽  
Septal Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Deviated nasal septum is one of the most common causes for the nasal obstruction. The objective of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes in patients undergoing conventional septoplasty and endoscopic septoplasty in the management of deviated nasal septum. Methods:  Prospective comparative study was conducted on 60 patients who presented to the Department of ENT, College of Medical sciences, during a period of one year. The severity of the symptoms was subjectively assessed using NOSE score and objectively assessed using modified Gertner plate. Results: There was significant improvement in functional outcome like NOSE Score and area over the Gertner plate among patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty. Significant difference in incidence of post-operative nasal synechae and haemorrhage was seen in conventional group compared to endoscopic group. Conclusions: Endoscopic surgery is an evolutionary step towards solving the problems related to deviated nasal septum. It is safe, effective and conservative, alternative to conventional septal surgery.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Anterior Capsulotomy Edge: A Comparative Study between Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy and Manual Capsulorhexis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Tognetto ◽  
Chiara De Giacinto ◽  
Alberto Armando Perrotta ◽  
Tommaso Candian ◽  
Alessandro Bova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Surface Irregularity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. To compare the capsule edges ultrastructure obtained by two femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) platforms and manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Setting. Eye Clinic, University of Trieste, Italy. Design. Experimental comparative study. Methods. 150 anterior capsules were collected and divided into three groups as follows: Group 1 (50 capsules) obtained with manual CCC, Groups 2 and 3 (each with 50 capsules) obtained with the Catalys Laser and the LenSx Laser, respectively. All samples were imaged by means of SEM and regularity of the cut surface, and thickness of the capsule edge were evaluated and compared. Results. All femtosecond laser (FSL) capsules were perfectly circular, whereas some alteration of the circular shape was observed in the manual ones. Group 1 showed a smooth and regular capsule edge without any surface irregularity, conversely Groups 2 and 3 showed postage-stamp perforations on the capsule edge. The cut surface irregularity value in Group 2 was 1.4 ± 0.63, while it was 0.7 ± 0.49 in Group 3 (p<0.05). Group 1 had a significantly lower thickness of the capsule edge than the FSL groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference in the capsule edge thickness between the FSL groups was found (p=0.244). Conclusions. Despite the presence of slight cut surface irregularities, both FSL capsulotomies showed a better geometry and circularity than the manual ones. Capsulotomy specimens obtained using both FSL capsulotomies showed laser-induced alterations of the capsule edge when compared with smooth and regular edges obtained using manual CCC.

Nonunion Rates in Hind- and Midfoot Arthrodesis in Current, Ex-, and Nonsmokers

2020 ◽  
pp. 107110072097126
Author(s):  
Jack Allport ◽  
Jayasree Ramaskandhan ◽  
Malik S. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factor ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Nonunion rates in hind or midfoot arthrodesis have been reported as high as 41%. The most notable and readily modifiable risk factor that has been identified is smoking. In 2018, 14.4% of the UK population were active smokers. We examined the effect of smoking status on union rates for a large cohort of patients undergoing hind- or midfoot arthrodesis. Methods: In total, 381 consecutive primary joint arthrodeses were identified from a single surgeon’s logbook (analysis performed on a per joint basis, with a triple fusion reported as 3 separate joints). Patients were divided based on self-reported smoking status. Primary outcome was clinical union. Delayed union, infection, and the need for ultrasound bone stimulation were secondary outcomes. Results: Smoking prevalence was 14.0%, and 32.2% were ex-smokers. Groups were comparable for sex, diabetes, and body mass index. Smokers were younger and had fewer comorbidities. Nonunion rates were higher in smokers (relative risk, 5.81; 95% CI, 2.54-13.29; P < .001) with no statistically significant difference between ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers had higher rates of infection ( P = .05) and bone stimulator use ( P < .001). Among smokers, there was a trend toward slower union with heavier smoking ( P = .004). Conclusion: This large retrospective cohort study confirmed previous evidence that smoking has a considerable negative effect on union in arthrodesis. The 5.81 relative risk in a modifiable risk factor is extremely high. Arthrodesis surgery should be undertaken with extreme caution in smokers. Our study shows that after cessation of smoking, the risk returns to normal, but we were unable to quantify the time frame. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

scholarly journals Guiding Residency Program Educational Goals Using Institutional Keyword Reports from the Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program Examination

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. e234-e238
Author(s):  
Isdin Oke ◽  
Steven D. Ness ◽  
Jean E. Ramsey ◽  
Nicole H. Siegel ◽  
Crandall E. Peeler
Keyword(s):  
Residency Program ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Knowledge Assessment ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Percent Correct ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction Residency programs receive an institutional keyword report following the annual Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examination containing the raw number of incorrectly answered questions. Programs would benefit from a method to compare relative performance between subspecialty sections. We propose a technique of normalizing the keyword report to determine relative subspecialty strengths and weaknesses in trainee performance. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our institutional keyword reports from 2017 to 2019. We normalized the percentage of correctly answered questions for each postgraduate year (PGY) level by dividing the percent of correctly answered questions for each subspecialty by the percent correct across all subsections for that PGY level. We repeated this calculation for each PGY level in each subsection for each calendar year of analysis. Results There was a statistically significant difference in mean performance between the subspecialty sections (p = 0.038). We found above average performance in the Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation section (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.18) and high variability of performance in the Clinical Optics section (95% CI: 0.76–1.34). Discussion The OKAP institutional keyword reports are extremely valuable for residency program self-evaluation. Performance normalized for PGY level and test year can reveal insightful trends into the relative strengths and weaknesses of trainee knowledge and guide data-driven curriculum improvement.

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