scholarly journals Pig raising practices by unprivileged, ethnic people in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-005
Author(s):  
Islam Ausraful ◽  
Trisha Ashika Akbar ◽  
Sardar Md. Safiul Ahad ◽  
Akbor Mohammady ◽  
Al Mamun Bhuyan Abdulla ◽  
...  

We interviewed 207 pig raisers from seven different districts of Bangladesh to explore their practices related to their pig farming. We used structured questionnaires to interview the pig raisers and used descriptive statistics for analysis. Most of the pig raisers (54%) were illiterate. 50% (104) of them had a monthly income of less than 10000 BDT and 60% (124) were landless. Most of the pig raisers (92%, 191) were rearing local breed and 67% of them were practicing semi-scavenging system. As feed source 55% (114) pig owners used kitchen waste and 54% (111) used rice husk. The pig raisers mentioned different types of challenges such as social problem (16%), disease (50%), less profitable (20%) and unavailability of feed (19%). In our study, we found that 31% respondents visited veterinarians, 28% visited quack and 21% do not take any action when their pigs were sick. Only 16% pig raisers used vaccines against different infectious diseases and 36% used anthelmintics against parasitic diseases. Awareness buildup of the pig raisers may help them raising pigs in a better way which will improve the farming system and reduce the probability of disease transmission.

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Abbott ◽  
Xenia Goosen ◽  
Jos Coetzee

Orientation: Mentoring is considered to be such an important contributor to accelerated people development in South Africa that structured mentoring schemes are often used by organisations. There are at present few sources of development and support for coordinators of such schemes.Research purpose: The aim of this research is to discover what the characteristics of coordinators of structured mentoring schemes in South Africa are, what is required of such coordinators and how they feel about their role, with a view to improving development and support for them.Motivation for the study: The limited amount of information about role requirements for coordinators which is available in the literature is not based on empirical research. This study aims to supply the empirical basis for improved development and support for coordinators.Research design and method: A purposive sample of 25 schemes was identified and both quantitative and qualitative data, obtained through questionnaires and interviews, were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.Main findings: Functions of coordinators tend to be similar across different types of mentoring schemes. A passion for mentoring is important, as the role involves many frustrations. There is little formalised development and support for coordinators.Practical/managerial implications: The study clarifies the functions of the coordinator, offers a job description and profile and makes suggestions on how to improve the development of the coordinator’s skills.Contribution/value-add: An understanding of what is required from a coordinator, how the necessary knowledge and skills can be developed and how the coordinator can be supported,adds value to an organisation setting up or reviewing its structured mentoring schemes.


2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Schausteck de Almeida ◽  
Suélen Barboza Eiras de Castro ◽  
Fernando Marinho Mezzadri ◽  
Doralice Lange de Souza

This article explores public expenditure in Brazilian sport from 2004 to 2015 and aims to understand if hosting sport mega-events has influenced investments in different types of sport (elite sport and educational/participation sport). Data were collected through governmental records and examined through descriptive statistics. Positive and negative variations of spending were reported, regarding both the overall budget allocated to sport and among the different types of sport. This study concluded that sport mega-events have influenced the funding of sports programs to some extent, but other aspects of public funding are likely to be more significant influencers on the observed variations. The study also argues that further research on different host countries is necessary to understand the impact of sport mega-events on public sport funding.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Knight ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Amir Ghasemi ◽  
Mackenzie Hamilton ◽  
Kevin Brown ◽  
...  

AbstractInfectious disease transmission models often stratify populations by age and geographic patches. Contact patterns between age groups and patches are key parameters in such models. Arenas et al. (2020) develop an approach to simulate contact patterns associated with recurrent mobility between patches, such as due to work, school, and other regular travel. Using their approach, mixing between patches is greater than mobility data alone would suggest, because individuals from patches A and B can form a contact if they meet in patch C. We build upon their approach to address three potential gaps that remain. First, our approach includes a distribution of contacts by age that is responsive to underlying age distribution of the mixing pool. Second, different age distributions by contact type are also maintained in our approach, such that changes to the numbers of different types of contacts are appropriately reflected in changes to the overall age mixing patterns. Finally, we introduce and distinguish between two mixing pools associated with each patch, with possible implications for the overall connectivity of the population: the home pool, in which contacts can only be formed with other individuals residing in the same patch; and the travel pool, in which contacts can be formed with some residents of, and any other visitors to the patch. We describe in detail the steps required to implement our approach, and present results of an example application.Graphical Abstract


2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra T. Neil ◽  
Sarah Nothard ◽  
David Glentworth ◽  
Elaine Stewart

AbstractPsychosocial Interventions (PSIs) and PSI supervision underpin the delivery of early interventions for people experiencing psychosis. Early Intervention (EI) teams are relatively new in the NHS and there is currently a lack of empirical research into PSI supervision in this area. This study aimed to elicit staff views of PSI supervision and to identify any unmet supervision needs within a newly developed EI team in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 multidisciplinary team members. Descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis were used to analyse the responses. The different types of supervision available to team members, gaps in the provision of PSI supervision and aspects that supervisees found helpful and unhelpful about PSI supervision are discussed as are ideas for improving the provision of PSI supervision in EI teams. The limitations of the study and ideas for further research are also outlined.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mansi Patel ◽  
Anuradha Joshi ◽  
Jalpa Suthar ◽  
Soaham Desai

Background.Dementia is one of the most frequent disorders among elderly patients, reaching to epidemic proportions with an estimated 4.6 million new cases globally annually. Partially effective treatments are available for dementia.Aims & Objectives.We aim to study drugs used in dementia and find out frequency of types of Dementia.Method.This was an observational study conducted at rurally based tertiary care hospital. Prospective data was collected from outpatient department, while retrospective data was collected from medical records. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.Result.Total 125 prescriptions of patients diagnosed with dementia were analyzed. Alzheimer’s dementia was most common (65.6%), followed by vascular dementia (21.6%), and frontotemporal dementia (10.4%), with the rarest being Lewy body dementia in (2.4%) cases. 60.57% of patients were males. Mini Mental Score Examination mean score was 15.93 ± 1.37. Frontal Battery Assessment mean score was 4.75 ± 1.01. Prescribed drugs were Donepezil (68.49%), Rivastigmine (13.63%), Donepezil + Memantine (6.43%) and Galantamine (12.83%), Quetiapine (38.46%), Lorazepam (23.07%), Clozapine (11.53%), Escitalopram (10.25%), Haloperidol (3.84%), Zolpidem, Sertraline, Olanzepine (2.56%), Nitrazepine, Lamotrigine, Fluoxetine, Tianeptine (1.28%), Folic acid, and Vitamin B12, respectively.Conclusion.Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia while Donepezil was the most frequent drug.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Enamul Haque ◽  
◽  
Roman Ryndin ◽  
Heinz-Peter Mang ◽  
Humayun Kabir ◽  
...  

This study aimed to evaluate the biogas production from the manure of hybrid and local breed cows fed with different types of feeding practices. The feedstock and digestive composition were measured to determine their effects on biogas production. The batches were prepared form manure of hybrid and local breed cows fed with roughages and mixed ration (roughages and concentrate) adding Inoculum (I) and with a total weight of 200 g. Four experimental groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) were set up using mixing ratios of CM: H2O: I (25: 25: 50). The digesters were set up at ambient temperature for 40 days of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) using a water displacement method to monitor biogas production in the proto-type digesters. The biogas yield from the manure was found 250.90 Nml/g VS for T1, 176.50 Nml/g VS for T2, 208.25 Nml/g VS for T3 and 180.88 Nml/g VS for T4, respectively. The average CH4 and CO2 concentration (% vol.) in biogas were found 53% and 47% for T1, 55% and 45% for T2, 52% and 48% for T3, 53% and 47% for T4, respectively. The content of H2S was not found in this study. The study concluded that the overall biogas production was higher in the manure of hybrid cows fed with roughages. However, the biogas production was also higher in the manure of local breed cows fed with roughages than mixed ration. The results indicated that C, N, P, K and S values were relatively lower in this study. Keywords: Biogas, CH4, hybrid and local breed cows, prototype digester, HRT.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajithraj Sathiyaraj ◽  
Hannah Lopez ◽  
Rakesh Surapaneni

Aims: This project aims to address the question of whether patients were satisfied with using a video visit for prechemotherapy evaluation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and materials: This project used a survey tool with patients undergoing prechemotherapy evaluation that was administered at the time of chemotherapy; 70 surveys were collected. Descriptive statistics of survey questions are presented. Results: 73% of patients reported satisfaction with their video visit experience. 65% of patients reported that they prefer in-person visits as their preferred choice for prechemotherapy evaluation. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction was favorable, but not consistent with results from prior published studies. Patients also mostly preferred an in-person visit for prechemotherapy evaluation. Further research is needed to determine patient attitudes to telemedicine for different types of consultations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1338-1354
Author(s):  
Abdou Wassiou Tassou ◽  
Sabbas Attindéhou ◽  
Sahidou Salifou

L’agriculture béninoise subit depuis 2016 une mutation structurelle qui favorise la levée des contraintes notamment celles financières. Alors que le sous-secteur des productions végétales en tire déjà un grand profit affichant des performances record, l’élevage peine encore à faire sa révolution. La présente étude a pour objectif de faire la typologie de l’élevage porcin au Bénin et d’élaborer un plan de relance de la filière. Une revue de la littérature sur l’élevage porcin et une enquête typologique auprès de 308 éleveurs de porcs ont été réalisées d’Octobre 2019 à Février 2020. Les résultats ont montré que le porc, notamment celui de la race locale, est élevé dans toutes les contrées du Bénin, par tous les groupes socioculturels. L’activité parait bien secondaire pour la plupart (91%) des éleveurs qui possèdent de petites unités de moins de vingt animaux dans 83% des cas. Le mode d’élevage en divagation (54,4%) est le plus pratiqué et les risques sanitaires (peste et cysticercose) sont fréquemment évoqués pour expliquer la sous-production. Mais le défaut de technicité, de vocation et de financement semble être le véritable blocage. Une sensibilisation et/ou formation des éleveurs et des jeunes diplômés des écoles agricoles sur les nouvelles opportunités de développement de la filière devrait la dynamiser.   English title: Characterization of the pig farming in Benin Since 2016, Benin agriculture has undergone a structural change which favors the lifting of constraints, particularly financial ones. While the crop production sub-sector is already profiting greatly, showing record performance, livestock are still struggling to revolutionize. The objective of this study is to establish the typology of pig farming in Benin and to develop a revival plan for the sector. A review of the literature on pig breeding and a typological survey of 308 pig farmers were carried out from October 2019 to February 2020. The results showed that the pig, especially that of the local breed, is raised in all the regions of Benin, by all socio-cultural groups. The activity appears to be secondary for most (91%) of breeders who own small units of less than twenty animals in 83% of cases. The method of rearing in straying (54.4%) is the most practiced and health risks (plague and cysticercosis) are frequently mentioned to explain underproduction. But the lack of technicality, vocation and financing seems to be the real blockage. Awareness-raising and / or training of breeders and young graduatesof agricultural schools on new development opportunities in the sector should boost it.


Author(s):  
E.B.E. Moema ◽  
P.H. King ◽  
C. Baker

Freshwater snails are known to serve as first intermediate hosts for various parasitic diseases such as schistosomosis and fasciolosis. Snails were collected on several occasions in the proximity of Pretoria, South Africa and their cercarial sheddings were studied. This article describes three different types of cercariae shed by the freshwater snail, Lymnaea natalensis, viz. a fork-tailed cercaria of a Trichobilharzia sp., an avian parasite belonging to the family Schistosomatidae, an echinostomatid cercaria of the family Echinostomatidae, also avian parasites and a xiphidiocercaria of the family Plagiorchiidae which parasitise avians and amphibians. The morphology of these cercariae was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Ayemele ◽  
F.J. Muafor ◽  
P. Levang

The present study was carried out from June to November 2014 in Obout and Ntoung areas, in the centre and east regions of Cameroon, respectively. Its aim was to determine the socio-economic contribution of the traditional exploitation of the African palm weevil grub (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) to livelihoods. One hundred and three grub collectors from eight different villages were surveyed. Furthermore, field observations were done both in the swampy raffia forests and in the villages. Results show that two methods of grub exploitation coexist in the study area: the traditional gathering with an average productivity of 35±13.2 grubs per trunk and the semi-farming system with an average productivity of 50±10.1 grubs per trunk. The daily productivity per collector varies between 389 grubs (3.59 kg) and 570 grubs (5.27 kg). Palm weevil grubs are used for food, traditional medicine, and income. Daily income from the trade of these resources varies between 15,560 Central African CFA franc (XAF) and 22,800 XAF. Therefore, professional grub collectors can reach a maximum monthly income of 456,000 XAF, contributing to 78% of the household revenue. Nevertheless, harvesting methods are very destructive to the ecosystem, as a single collector can cut down an average of 1,120 raffia trunks in the harvesting process.


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