scholarly journals Severe brimonidine eye drop intoxication in a neonate as an accidental oral ingestion

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-003
Author(s):  
Silahli Musa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Topical Agent ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Brimonidine Tartrate

Brimonidine tartrate eye drops are a topical agent used to treat glaucoma in children over 2 years of age and adults. It is banned for children younger than 2 years of age because post-marketing studies have shown serious side effects. Colic is common in infants, which worries parents. And parents often use herbal and chemical medicines to solve this problem. We present a 12-day-old newborn with brimonidine eye drop intoxication, in which the drug was mistakenly administered orally to treat the colic problem.

scholarly journals ES-1 Clinical results of tumor treating fields in patients with glioblastoma in Japan, compared with global surveillance

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. ii3-ii3
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Muragaki ◽  
Masayuki Nitta ◽  
Taiichi Saito ◽  
Shunichi Tutsuki ◽  
Atsushi Fukui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Intermediate Frequency ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Tumor Treating Fields ◽  
Post Marketing Surveillance ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Us Fda ◽  
Medical University

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The tumor treatment field induces apoptosis of tumor cells by providing a low intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating current electric field via a transducer array. TTFields is based on Phase 3 EF-11 and EF-14 trials for glioblastoma in the US FDA and Japan PMDA. Therefore, I will report the statistics of TTFields use in Japan along with recent papers. METHODS: 410 patients were treated with TTFields in Japan (December 2017-), of which 17 were at Tokyo Women’s Medical University. We also referred to papers about global post-marketing surveillance and recent studies. RESULTS: Of the 410 patients, 409 (99.8%) were diagnosed with ndGBM(male: female, 66.8%: 33.2%). As of June 2020, 222 patients (54.1%) were on treatment and 188 (45.9%) were discontinued. In 17 cases at TWMU, the average age was 46.3 years. The average treatment period was 218 days, with 6 patients (35%) continuing treatment, 6 patients (35%) discontinuing due to patient wishes, and 5 patients (30%) discontinuing treatment due to recurrence. Side effects were contact dermatitis under the array in 9 patients (57%) and mild malaise in 7 patients (43%). We experienced long-term progression-free cases with TTF use of 25 months (survival 30 months after surgery) with a glioma partially resected and 21 months (survival 27 months after surgery) with a biopsied glioma. In the biopsy case, bevacizumab was used in combination during the treatment. Conclusion: In global surveillance, use for rGBM accounts for 39%, but Japan is limited to use for ndGBM due to insurance coverage. In terms of side effects, it showed a good safety profile comparable to previous trials. Long-term progression-free cases have been observed, and it is necessary to examine the characteristics of patients who respond to treatment and the effect of concomitant use with bevacizumab by prospective studies

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF IN SITU GEL OF XANTHAN GUM FOR OPHTHALMIC FORMULATION CONTAINING BRIMONIDINE TARTRATE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vazir Ashfaq Ahmed ◽  
Divakar Goli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Xanthan Gum ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
Brimonidine Tartrate

Objective: The goal of this study was to develop and characterize an ion-activated in situ gel-forming brimonidine tartrate, solution eye drops containing xanthan gum as a mucoadhesive polymer.Method: Sol-gel formulation was prepared using gellan gum as an ion-activated gel-forming polymer, xanthan gum as mucoadhesive agent, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC E50LV) as release retardant polymer. Phenylethyl alcohol is used as preservatives in borate buffer. The 23 factorial design was employed to optimize the formulation considering the concentration of gelrite, xanthan gum and HPMC as independent variables, gelation time, gel strength, and mucoadhesive force (N). Gelation time , gel strength, mucoadhesive force (N), viscosity (cP) and in vitro percentage drug release were chosen as dependent variables. The formulation was characteristics for pH, clarity, isotonicity, sterility, rheological behavior, and in vitro drug release, ocular irritation, and ocular visualization.Result: Based on desirability index of responses, the formulation containing a concentration of gelrite (0.4%), xanthan gum (0.21%), and HPMC (HPMC E50 (0.24%) was found to be the optimized formulation concentration developed by 23 factorial design. The solution eye drops resulted in an in situ phase change to gel-state when mixed with simulated tear fluid. The gel formation was also confirmed by viscoelastic measurements. Drug release from the gel followed non-fickian mechanism with 88% of drug released in 10 h, thus increased the residence time of the drug.Conclusion: An in situ gelling system is a valuable alternative to the conventional system with added benefits of sustained drug release which may ultimately result in improved patient compliance.

Managing Side Effects on Ocular Surface Caused by Glaucoma Eye Drops

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 4223-4224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ferreras ◽  
Michele Figus ◽  
Paolo Fogagnolo ◽  
Michele Iester ◽  
Paolo Frezzotti
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Eye Drops

Efficacy and Clinical Tolerance of a New Combination of Trimethoprim with Sulphonamide

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Celotti ◽  
Franklin Nüdemberg ◽  
Osvaldo Magni ◽  
Francesca Piaia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Combination Product ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Life Threatening

To obtain a direct clinical evaluation of a new sulpha-trimethoprim combination product (Kelfiprim®) from general practitioners or specialist practitioners, an extensive post-marketing survey has been organized in Brazil involving 1,177 doctors and 5,885 patients. These experienced different infections susceptible to oral antimicrobial chemotherapy with a sulpha-trimethoprim combination. The results indicated that the product was very effective (91.2% cure rate) and well tolerated (4% incidence of side-effects). Side-effects were usually mild and transient. No life-threatening adverse reactions were observed. The results obtained support those already published in clinical trials involving 1,119 patients.

How safe is proguanil? A post-marketing investigation of side-effects

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
BjÖRn Eriksson ◽  
Anders Björkman ◽  
Marianne Keisu
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Post Marketing

Tropicamide eye drops reduce clozapine-induced hypersalivation: A case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S543-S544 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kilic ◽  
H.M. Ozturk ◽  
E. Ata
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Oral Application ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Pressure Changes

IntroductionClozapine-induced sialorrhea (CIS) is a common, treatment-limiting and stigmatizing side effect. All systemic agents that are used for hypersalivation may increase clozapine side effects such as blood pressure changes, constipation, or arrythmias. Oral application of topical anti-muscarinic agents may be a low side effect option for treatment of CIS.ObjectiveThe aim of this case report was to propose an off-label treatment of tropicamide drops to CIS and to stimulate further investigation.Case reportA 33-year-old male inpatient with schizophrenia has been on clozapine 800 mg and amisulpride 600 mg/day. His drooling was occasional and severe as drool drips off his chin during the day and night. Wet area over the pillow, visual analog scale (VAS), the short form of health survey (SF-36), UKU side effect rating scale, scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS), scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS) were applied at baseline and in one-week intervals. Oral application of one drop of tropicamide % 0.5 (5 mg/mL) to left and one drop to right side before going to bed in the first week and two drops to each side were administered subsequently. Informed consent was given by the patient.ResultsNo psychological, neurological, autonomic and other side effects were observed associated with tropicamide. On VAS, the patient rated hypersalivation 5/7 at baseline, 4/7 after one drop each, 3/7 after two drops each.ConclusionsThe reduction of CIS by oral use of tropicamide eye drops is promising and should be explored with randomized controlled trials.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy study of brimonidine tartrate 0.15% and timolol maleate 0.5% ophthalmic solution (benzalkonium chloride free) versus Brimolol® (with benzalkonium chloride) following single ocular instillation in New Zealand white rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Amit Thavkar ◽  
Sateesh Kumar Chauhan ◽  
Subhas Bhowmick ◽  
Vinod Burade
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Ophthalmic Solution ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Timolol Maleate ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Brimonidine Tartrate ◽  
Ophthalmic Solutions

Background: Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) is the most used preservative in topical eye drops but it causes effects such as dry eye and trabecular meshwork degeneration. Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a polymeric biguanide is a less harmful preservative used in ophthalmic solutions. The objective of this study to com-pare the efficacy of PHMB preserved versus BKC preserved ophthalmic solutions containing brimonidine tartrate and timolol maleate on intraocular pressure (IOP) following single ocular instillation in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits.Methods: This study was conducted on 12 normotensive male NZW rabbits (2.9-3.6 kg) between 6-9 months of age. Animals received single ocular instillation of 35 µl ophthalmic solution containing brimonidine tartrate 0.15 %w/v and timolol maleate 0.5% w/v with PHMB as preservative (n=6, test) or BKC as preservative (n=6, reference) as per the randomization. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after instillation using a pneumatonometer. Percentage change in IOP from pre-instillation values were calculated. Changes in IOP were analysed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post-test.Results: Single ocular instillation of PHMB and BKC formulations show significant IOP reduction up to 6 hours as compared with baseline (p<0.05). Reduction in IOP was 35.8% and 32.0% at 2 hours with PHMB and BKC formulations respectively. No differences were observed between the test and reference groups for change in IOP from baseline.Conclusions: PHMB preserved brimonidine tartrate 0.15% w/v and timolol maleate 0.5% w/v ophthalmic solution was comparable to BKC preserved solution in normotensive NZW rabbits.

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