scholarly journals Sildenafil citrate in healthy and diseased hearts

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 033-039
Author(s):  
Adinoyi Seriki Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
Sildenafil Citrate ◽  
Heart Performance ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type ◽  
Electrophysiological Effects

Sildenafil citrate is one of the frontline drugs used to manage erectile dysfunction (ED). Chemically, it is described as 1-[[3-(6,7-dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H –pyrazolo [4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4 ethoxyphenyl] sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate (C22H30N6O4 S). It is a highly selective inhibitor of cyclic guanine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type-5. There had been heightened concerns following reports that sildenafil citrate may increase the risk of cardiovascular events, particularly fatal arrhythmias, in patients with cardiovascular disease. So the cardiac electrophysiological effects of sildenafil citrate have been investigated extensively in both animal and clinical studies. This article ties up the various outcomes of the investigations with a view to guiding physicians and patients that use sildenafil citrate to manage erectile dysfunction, especially as it concerns its effect on their cardiovascular function in health and in disease. Sildenafil citrate could impact negatively on ailing hearts, but on a healthy heart, there may not be any such impact, rather, it improves on heart performance as it lowers the blood pressure.

scholarly journals Management of High Blood Pressure in Those without Overt Cardiovascular Disease Utilising Absolute Risk Scores

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Mark R. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Adverse Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Single Risk Factor

Increasing blood pressure has a continuum of adverse risk for cardiovascular events. Traditionally this single measure was used to determine who to treat and how vigorously. However, estimating absolute risk rather than measurement of a single risk factor such as blood pressure is a superior method to identify who is most at risk of having an adverse cardiovascular event such as stroke or myocardial infarction, and therefore who would most likely benefit from therapeutic intervention. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk calculators must be used to estimate absolute risk in those without overt CVD as physician estimation is unreliable. Incorporation into usual practice and limitations of the strategy are discussed.

Cardiovascular Prognosis in Drug-Resistant Hypertension Stratified by 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure: The JAMP Study

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuomi Kario ◽  
Satoshi Hoshide ◽  
Keisuke Narita ◽  
Yukie Okawara ◽  
Hiroshi Kanegae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistant Hypertension ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Artery Disease

Resistant hypertension is an important cardiovascular risk factor. This analysis of the JAMP study (Japan Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Prospective) data investigated the effects of uncontrolled resistant hypertension diagnosed using ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring on the risk of heart failure (HF) and overall cardiovascular events. The JAMP study patients with hypertension and no HF history were included. They had true resistant hypertension (24-hour BP ≥130/80 mm Hg), pseudoresistant hypertension (24-hour BP <130/80 mm Hg), well-controlled nonresistant hypertension (24-hour BP <130/80 mm Hg), or uncontrolled nonresistant hypertension (24-hour BP ≥130/80 mm Hg). The primary end point was total cardiovascular events, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (fatal/nonfatal stroke and fatal/nonfatal coronary artery disease), and HF. During 4.5±2.4 years of follow-up the overall incidence per 1000 person-years was 10.1 for total cardiovascular disease, 4.1 for stroke, 3.5 for coronary artery disease, and 2.6 for HF. The adjusted risk of total cardiovascular and HF events was significantly increased in patients with true resistant versus controlled nonresistant hypertension (hazard ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.12–2.48]; P =0.012 and 2.24 [95% CI, 1.17–4.30]; P =0.015, respectively) and versus uncontrolled nonresistant hypertension (1.51 [1.03–2.20]; P =0.034 and 3.03 [1.58–5.83]; P <0.001, respectively). The findings were robust in a sensitivity analysis using a slightly different definition of resistant hypertension. True resistant hypertension diagnosed using ambulatory BP monitoring is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease events, especially for HF. This highlights the importance of diagnosing and effectively treating resistant hypertension. Registration: URL: https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr ; Unique identifier: UMIN000020377.

Drugs

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1030-1035
Author(s):  
Mike Kirby ◽  
Jonny Coxon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors ◽  
Cardiac Condition ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Type ◽  
The Impact

It should not be presumed that male patients with cardiovascular disease are less sexually active than others, but they are more likely to have erectile dysfunction. It is therefore crucial to consider the impact on sexual function of medications commonly used to treat cardiovascular disease, because negative effects on erectile dysfunction can lead to problems with compliance and quality of life. Cardiovascular implications of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors used to treat erectile dysfunction should be borne in mind. Effective treatment of the cardiac condition should always take priority.

Salt and cardiovascular disease: insufficient evidence to recommend low sodium intake

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (35) ◽  
pp. 3363-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O’Donnell ◽  
Andrew Mente ◽  
Michael H Alderman ◽  
Adrian J B Brady ◽  
Rafael Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Current Guideline ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Low Sodium

Abstract Several blood pressure guidelines recommend low sodium intake (&lt;2.3 g/day, 100 mmol, 5.8 g/day of salt) for the entire population, on the premise that reductions in sodium intake, irrespective of the levels, will lower blood pressure, and, in turn, reduce cardiovascular disease occurrence. These guidelines have been developed without effective interventions to achieve sustained low sodium intake in free-living individuals, without a feasible method to estimate sodium intake reliably in individuals, and without high-quality evidence that low sodium intake reduces cardiovascular events (compared with moderate intake). In this review, we examine whether the recommendation for low sodium intake, reached by current guideline panels, is supported by robust evidence. Our review provides a counterpoint to the current recommendation for low sodium intake and suggests that a specific low sodium intake target (e.g. &lt;2.3 g/day) for individuals may be unfeasible, of uncertain effect on other dietary factors and of unproven effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular disease. We contend that current evidence, despite methodological limitations, suggests that most of the world’s population consume a moderate range of dietary sodium (2.3–4.6g/day; 1–2 teaspoons of salt) that is not associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and that the risk of cardiovascular disease increases when sodium intakes exceed 5 g/day. While current evidence has limitations, and there are differences of opinion in interpretation of existing evidence, it is reasonable, based upon observational studies, to suggest a population-level mean target of &lt;5 g/day in populations with mean sodium intake of &gt;5 g/day, while awaiting the results of large randomized controlled trials of sodium reduction on incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality.

scholarly journals The impact of lemon aromateraphy and breath relaxation in blood pressure on hypertensive elderly at Patukan Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Ana Apriana Murtianingsih ◽  
Edy Suprayitno
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Heart Performance ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
The Impact

Hypertension is defined as the increase of chronicle blood pressure that is usually happened on elderly people. Hypertension belongs to one of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) that becomes the cause of 80% mortality in Indonesia. One of non-pharmacological medical treatment for hypertension was by using the lemon aromatic therapy and inner relaxation breath. This therapy aims to give calming and comforting effect that leads to the decrease of heart performance and blood pressure.To find out the impact of lemon aromatic therapy and inner breath relaxation toward blood pressure on elderly people’s hypertension. This research belongs to Quasy Experiment Research Design by implementing Non Equivalent Control Groupwith one treatment group and one controlled group. This research implemented total sampling technique with 22 respondents in total. The mann-whitneystatistical analysis showed that p value 0,000 of the diastole blood pressure was at 0,016 with trustworthiness at α 0,05. There is impact of lemon aromatic therapy and inner relaxation breath toward the decrease of blood pressure on the hypertension patient. The patient of hypertension is suggested to use lemon aromatic therapy and inner relaxation breath as one of non-pharmacological medical treatment that can reduce the high blood pressure.

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