scholarly journals Effect of chitosan and silicon oxide treatments on postharvest Valencia Late (Citrus × sinensis) fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 065-071
Author(s):  
R Beltrán ◽  
L Otesinova ◽  
N Cebrián ◽  
C Zornoza ◽  
F Breijo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Positive Effect

The efficacy of chitosan and silicon oxide to prevent postharvest weight loss and fungi infection in 'Valencia Late' oranges was tested. Three silicon oxide concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 1%) were applied as preharvest treatments. Chitosan treatments were performed at the same concentrations in postharvest fruit. Preharvest applications were carried out by tractor spraying, while fruit were submerged for 30 seconds in baths with the chitosan concentrations in the postharvest applications. In both cases, a positive control (water treatment) and negative control (fungicide) were included. Treated fruit were stored in a chamber to simulate commercial storage conditions (4 ºC, 90% RH) for 9 weeks. After this time, the weight loss and damage caused by fungi due to natural infection were evaluated. Both silicon oxide and chitosan applications were effective in controlling natural infection by Penicillium species but had no positive effect on weight loss.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKEN TO INOVO ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ROSEMARY OIL(ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-903
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rosemary Oil ◽  
In Ovo Injection ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Positive Effect

This study was conducted to determine the percentage of hatchability, post-hatch growth performance, immune response of broiler  subjected  to in- ovo injection of different doses of rosemary oil. A total of 300  eggs of ross broiler strain were obtained.The experiment distributed into five treatment groups: T1, Negative Control T2, positive control (in ovo injection of 0.05 ml distilled water) T3, in ovo injection of 0.05ml of rosemary oil; T4, in ovo injection of  0.075 ml of rosemary oil; T5, in ovo injection of  0.1 ml of rosemary oil.Highest hatchability  percentage was shown in 0.1ml rosemary oil -injected hatching eggs. The final weight of birds from 0.075 and 0.1 ml of rosemary oil-injected eggs was significantly (P < 0.05) highest through the experiment. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved with in ovo administration of rosemary oil at 0.075 and 0.1 ml doses. In addition, the level of  blood cholesterol and blood glucose  were decreased (p<0.05) in birds from rosemary oil-injected eggs.  The obtained data showed a positive effect of in-ovo injection of rosemary  oil on stimulating bird's immunity.

scholarly journals Two Cases of Natural Infection of Dengue-2 Virus in Bats in the Colombian Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Alfonso Calderón ◽  
Camilo Guzmán ◽  
Teresa Oviedo-Socarras ◽  
Salim Mattar ◽  
Virginia Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional

Dengue, a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease, is the most common vector-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we aim to demonstrate biological evidence of dengue virus infection in bats. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the departments of Cordoba and Sucre, Colombia. A total of 286 bats were captured following the ethical protocols of animal experimentation. The specimens were identified and euthanized using a pharmacological treatment with atropine, acepromazine and sodium pentobarbital. Duplicate samples of brain, heart, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney were collected with one set stored in Trizol and the other stored in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal antibodies. Brain samples from lactating mice with an intracranial inoculation of DENV-2 were used as a positive control. As a negative control, lactating mouse brains without inoculation and bats brains negative for RT-PCR were included. Tissue sections from each specimen of bat without conjugate were used as staining control. In a specimen of Carollia perspicillata captured in Ayapel (Cordoba) and Phylostomus discolor captured in San Carlos (Cordoba), dengue virus was detected, and sequences were matched to DENV serotype 2. In bats RT-PCR positive for dengue, lesions compatible with viral infections, and the presence of antigens in tissues were observed. Molecular findings, pathological lesions, and detection of antigens in tissues could demonstrate viral DENV-2 replication and may correspond to natural infection in bats. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of these species in dengue epidemics.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Anti Cendawan Ekstrak Daun Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Terhadap Colletotrichum sp Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Buah Cabai (Capsicum annum L.) Secara In Vitro Dan In Vivo

Agrologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ana Syabana ◽  
Andree Saylendra ◽  
Deri Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Anti Fungal

The aim of this research was to examine in vitro and in vivo anti fungal activity of citronella leaves extract against Colletotrichum sp caused antrachnose disease on chilli. The in vitro and in vivo research used randomized completely design (RCD) with one factor and five level. The factor was citronella leaves extract and the level were 0,1 % (v/v), 0,2 % (v/v), 0,3 % (v/v), 0,4 % (v/v), 0,5 % (v/v). Negative control treatment was conducted by growing Colletotrichum sp on PDA (in vitro) and chili (in vivo) without citronella leaves extract while positive control was conducted by growing Colletotrichum sp on PDA (in vitro) and chili (in vivo) containing synthetic fungicide. The in vitro study showed that the higher concentration of citronella leaves extract caused higher growth inhibition of Colletotrichum sp. Whereas the in vivo study resulted that higher concentration of citronella leaves extract caused lower incubation period of Colletotrichum sp, intensity of disease and weight loss of chillies. The highest concentration of citronella leaves extract (0,5%) has higher antifungal activity compared to other treatments and negative control while lower than positive control.

scholarly journals Efficiency and persistence of insecticides with different action mechanisms applied on wheat stored pest sitophilus zeamais

2021 ◽  
pp. 618-621
Author(s):  
Deivid Araújo Magano ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Ana Paula Doberstein ◽  
Murilo Vieira Louro ◽  
Valeria Bubans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Sitophilus zeamais is the most important insect-plague among stored grain pests. The method of chemical control based on phosphine is the most used for its control, however, this method presents some inconveniences, being a costly method in labor and dangerous to the operators from the toxicological point of view. Thus, the use of preventive control, which consists of the application of liquid insecticides on the mass of grains, during the loading of the warehouse, appears as an alternative against the attack of the pests that tend to settle in the mass of grains. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency and persistence of insecticides with different mechanisms of action on S. zeamais on stored wheat, simulating ideal storage conditions. An experiment was performed composed of the active ingredients: abamectin, spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole, bifenthrin as a positive control, and the negative control was distilled water. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with four replicates. The wheat was stored in Gerbox containing 250 grams, all samples being treated directly in these containers by spraying the liquid on the wheat grains. After spraying, the samples were homogenized and infested with 15 adult individuals of S. zeamais and deposited in an air conditioned room at 30 ± 1 °C and relative humidity of 30 ± 2%, in order to provide conditions of high biological activity of the insects. The active ingredients spinosad and abamectin promoted a 100% control of S. zeamais up to 120 days of conduction of this assay. Regarding biological persistence, the active ingredients lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin had control effects up to 60 days after application while the active principles abamectin and spinosad persisted until the end of the bioassay observations

scholarly journals Effects of Repeated Treatment with Monoamine-Transporter-Inhibitor Antidepressants on Pain-Related Depression of Intracranial Self-Stimulation in Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP Legakis ◽  
L Karim-Nejad ◽  
SS Negus
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Selective Inhibitor ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Monoamine Transporter ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Self Stimulation

ABSTRACTSynaptic neurotransmission with dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) is terminated primarily by reuptake into the presynaptic terminal via the DA, NE, and 5-HT transporters (DAT/NET/SERT, respectively). Monoamine transporter inhibitors constitute one class of drugs used to treat pain, and emergence of analgesic effects by these compounds often requires repeated treatment for days or weeks. The present study compared antinociceptive effects produced by repeated treatment with monoamine transporter inhibitors in a preclinical assay of pain-related depression of positively reinforced operant responding. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats equipped with microelectrodes targeting a brain-reward area responded for pulses of electrical brain stimulation in an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure. Intraperitoneal injection of dilute lactic acid served as a noxious stimulus that repeatedly depressed ICSS and also produced weight loss during 7 days of repeated acid administration. Both acid-induced ICSS depression and weight loss were blocked by repeated pretreatment with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketorolac (a positive control) but not by the kappa opioid receptor agonist U69,593 (a negative control). Like ketorolac, the DAT/NET inhibitor bupropion fully blocked acid-induced ICSS depression and weight loss throughout all 7 days of treatment. Conversely, the NET-selective inhibitor nortriptyline and SERT-selective inhibitor citalopram produced antinociception only after several days of repeated treatment, and weight loss was attenuated by citalopram but not by nortriptyline. These results support effectiveness of bupropion to alleviate signs of pain-related behavioral depression in rats and further suggest that nortriptyline and citalopram produce a more gradual onset of antinociception during repeated treatment.

scholarly journals Cinnamic acid activity against Trichlorfon pesticide toxicity and liver function enzymes in mice.

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Nibal Kh. Mousa ◽  
Saad H. Khudiar ◽  
Iman H. Qatia ◽  
Amal Ab. Halob ◽  
Eman A. Muhsin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Comparative Group ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

The study was carried out to determine hepatotoxicity and hepatoprotective effects of cinnamic acid in comparison with vitamin C against the mutagenic pesticide influence of trichlorfon, which is a chemical compound that damages hepatic cells and has mutagenic effects. The effect was studied in mammalian system in mice depended on evaluating the enzymatic activity of three hepatic enzymes: Alanine Transaminase(ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphate (ALP).Two concentrations of pure cinnamic acid (60,30) mg/body weight were tested to choose the suitable concentration which compared with negative control, positive control and comparative group of Vitamin C. In order to use in the interaction experiments, included two types of treatments pre-trichlorfon and post-trichlorfon in order to determine the mechanisms of the pure cinnamic acid, showed no toxic and hepatotoxicity influence in biological system and it showed highly performance in prevention or reduction in hepatotoxicity of trichlorfon. Cinnamic acid increased the ALT, AST and ALP enzymes with normal levels especially with dose of 30 mg/body weight. The positive effect of cinnamic acid was higher when used as post-trichlorfon treatments and to less extent in pre-trichlorfon treatments, therefore, cinnamic acid can be considered as a cure hepatocytes from acute liver damage also work protective to cardiac, skeletal muscle and placental tissue protective.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effect of Body Lossion of Rattus Norvegicus on Granulation Formulation of Chitosan Waste Shell of Placuna Placenta

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Ariyanti Ariyanti ◽  
Eni Masruriati ◽  
Ade Novitasari ◽  
Suzana Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Granule Formulation

Weight loss Rattus norvegicus wistar strain can be done by a variety of chemical and traditional medicine. One of the traditional medicines used for weight loss is to use Placuna Placenta chitosan. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal concentration of Placuna Placuna Placenta granules as a weight loss agent for Rattus norvegicus. This study was an experimental study with 5 concentrations of 5%, 7.5% and 10% Placuna Placuna Placenta chitosan observed for 30 days. The positive control used weight loss drugs in the market, while the negative control used granule formulation without the addition of Placuna Placuna Placenta chitosan. The experimental research design posttest only control group design, treatment or intervention in the experimental group by comparing groups. Comparisons or differences were analyzed statistical tests using the ANOVA test. The optimal concentration of chitosan granule formulation of Placuna Placuna Placenta as a weight loss for Rattus norvegicus wistar strain was 10%.

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

The Comparison of Ostecyte in the Pressure area and Tension area on Tooth Movement Because of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

DENTA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Arya Barahmanta ◽  
Muhammad Faizal Winaris ◽  
Pambudi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pressure Area

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Orthodontic tooth movement is a </em><em>interaction prosess</em><em> of resorption and deposition of bone remodeling. Orthodontic tooth movement by mechanical strength causes changes in alveolar bone. Osteocyte is an essential cell to respond bone remodelling. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects production of osteocyte because it can release Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitrid Oxide (NO).  <strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the difference number  of osteocyte in pressure and tension area during tooth movement by adjuvant of Hyperbaric Oxygen 2,4 ATA during 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14. <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: This research used Completery Randomized Control Group Post Test Only Design. 36 cavia cobaya (male)  were divided into 3 groups randomly : the negative control groups, positive control group, and treatment group. Preparat staining used Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) and calculated on microscop 1000x with 20 field of view. Data analyses used one way ANOVA and LSD test then compared each area by using paired T test. <strong>Result:</strong> The data showed that the treatment group (P=10,67) tension area has the highest number of osteocyte than  negative control group (K-=3,67), positive control (K+=7,42). In the pressure area showed that negative control group (K-=5,00) has the highest  than positive control group (K+=3,83) and treatment (P=3,25). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapy HBO 2,4 ATA 7 days starting on day 8 to day 14 is could increase osteocyte in the tissue to stimulate process of bone remodelling.</em></p><pre><strong> </strong></pre><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> Hyperbaric Oxygen, Tooth movement, Bone remodeling, </em><em>Osteocyte</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Correspondence:</em></strong><em> </em><em>Arya Brahmanta</em><em>, Department of Orthodonty, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya, Phone 031-5945864, Email:</em><em> </em><a href="mailto:[email protected]"><em>arya.brahmanta</em><em>@</em><em>hangtuah.ac.id</em></a></p>

UJI AKTIVITAS HEPATOPROTEKTOR KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PANDAN WANGI (Pandanus amaryllifolius roxb) DAN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanii) TERHADAP KADAR MDA YANG DIINDUKSI PARASETAMOL

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Yuni Asri Mulatsih Agami ◽  
Eka Wisnu Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dose Combination

Kasus penyakit hati semakin meningkat seiring penggunaan senyawa hepatotoksin salah satunya karena penggunaan parasetamol dengan dosis berlebih. Hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan produksi radikal bebas sehingga memicu terjadinya stress oksidatif yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan jaringan yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA). Stress oksidatif dapat diatasi dengan antioksidan dari berbagai tanaman. Kulit kayu manis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 53ppm dan daun pandan wangi 39,7%  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi dan kayu manis dalam menurunkan kadar MDA. tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental, dilakukan selama 9 hari dengan 30 ekor tikus jantan dibagi menjadi 6 Kelompok, yaitu: Normal diberi aquadest, Kontrol Positif diberi silimarin 100 mg/kgBB, Kontrol Negatif diberi CMC-Na 0,05%, serta 3 kelompok lainnya diberi kombinasi ekstrak daun pandan wangi:kayu manis berturut-turut dosis I (25:75), dosis II (50:50), dosis III (75:25). Semua kelompok diinduksi parasetamol 2,5 g/kgBB pada hari ke-7  setelah 30 menit perlakuan, kecuali kelompok normal. Pada hari ke 9 dilakukan pengukuran kadar MDA dengan metode TBARs menggunakan spektrofotometri. Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi dan kayu manis dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dengan kombinasi dosis yang paling optimal adalah 75:25 berdasarkan statistik dengan nilai signifikan 0,000<0,05 dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif.    Cases of liver disease have increased with the use of hepatotoxin compounds, one of which is due to the use of paracetamol with excessive doses. This can increase the production of free radicals so that it triggers oxidative stress which can cause tissue damage which is characterized by increased levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA). Oxidative stress can be overcome with antioxidants from various plants. Cinnamomum burmanii has antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 53ppm and Pandanus amarrylifolius 39.7%. This study aims to determine the combined activity of ethanol extract of Pandanus amarrylifolius and Cinnamomum burmanii  in reducing MDA levels. Paracetamol-induced rats. Research using experimental methods, conducted for 9 days with 30 male rats divided into 6 groups, namely: Normal given aquadest, Positive Control were given silimarin 100 mg / kgBB, Negative Control was given CMC-Na 0.05%, and 3 other groups were given a combination of Pandanus amarrylifolius extract: Cinnamomum burmanii dose I (25:75), dose II (50:50), dose III (75:25). All groups induced paracetamol 2.5 g / kgBB on the 7th day after 30 minutes of treatment, except the normal group. On the 9th day MDA levels were measured using the TBARs method using spectrophotometry. Giving a combination of Pandanus amarrylifolius and Cinnamomum burmanii ethanol extract can reduce MDA levels with the most optimal dose combination is 75:25 based on statistics with a significant value of 0,000<0.05 compared with the negative group.

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