scholarly journals Imaging modalities delivery of RNAi therapeutics in cancer therapy and clinical applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 005-034
Author(s):  
Madkour Loutfy H
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Preclinical Development ◽  
Rnai Therapeutics

The RNA interference (RNAi) technique is a new modality for cancer therapy, and several candidates are being tested clinically. Nanotheranostics is a rapidly growing field combining disease diagnosis and therapy, which ultimately may add in the development of ‘personalized medicine’. Technologies on theranostic nanomedicines has been discussed. We designed and developed bioresponsive and fluorescent hyaluronic acid-iodixanol nanogels (HAI-NGs) for targeted X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging and chemotherapy of MCF-7 human breast tumors. HAI-NGs were obtained with a small size of ca. 90 nm, bright green fluorescence and high serum stability from hyaluronic acid-cystamine-tetrazole and reductively degradable polyiodixanol-methacrylate via nanoprecipitation and a photo-click crosslinking reaction. This chapter presents an over view of the current status of translating the RNAi cancer therapeutics in the clinic, a brief description of the biological barriers in drug delivery, and the roles of imaging in aspects of administration route, systemic circulation, and cellular barriers for the clinical translation of RNAi cancer therapeutics, and with partial content for discussing the safety concerns. Finally, we focus on imaging-guided delivery of RNAi therapeutics in preclinical development, including the basic principles of different imaging modalities, and their advantages and limitations for biological imaging. With growing number of RNAi therapeutics entering the clinic, various imaging methods will play an important role in facilitating the translation of RNAi cancer therapeutics from bench to bedside.

Phytochemicals for Breast Cancer Therapy: Current Status and Future Implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawed Siddiqui ◽  
Aru Singh ◽  
Megha Chagtoo ◽  
Nidhi Singh ◽  
Madan Godbole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Breast Cancer Therapy

scholarly journals Glycosaminoglycans: Carriers and Targets for Tailored Anti-Cancer Therapy

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Berdiaki ◽  
Monica Neagu ◽  
Eirini-Maria Giatagana ◽  
Andrey Kuskov ◽  
Aristidis M. Tsatsakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Distribution Composition ◽  
Membrane Components ◽  
Cancer Tissues

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded by the components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), natural biomacromolecules, essential ECM, and cell membrane components are extensively altered in cancer tissues. During disease progression, the GAG fine structure changes in a manner associated with disease evolution. Thus, changes in the GAG sulfation pattern are immediately correlated to malignant transformation. Their molecular weight, distribution, composition, and fine modifications, including sulfation, exhibit distinct alterations during cancer development. GAGs and GAG-based molecules, due to their unique properties, are suggested as promising effectors for anticancer therapy. Considering their participation in tumorigenesis, their utilization in drug development has been the focus of both industry and academic research efforts. These efforts have been developing in two main directions; (i) utilizing GAGs as targets of therapeutic strategies and (ii) employing GAGs specificity and excellent physicochemical properties for targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. This review will comprehensively discuss recent developments and the broad potential of GAG utilization for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Quantitation of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Applications

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Chris Boyd ◽  
Greg Brown ◽  
Timothy Kleinig ◽  
Joseph Dawson ◽  
Mark D. McDonnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Artery Disease

Research into machine learning (ML) for clinical vascular analysis, such as those useful for stroke and coronary artery disease, varies greatly between imaging modalities and vascular regions. Limited accessibility to large diverse patient imaging datasets, as well as a lack of transparency in specific methods, are obstacles to further development. This paper reviews the current status of quantitative vascular ML, identifying advantages and disadvantages common to all imaging modalities. Literature from the past 8 years was systematically collected from MEDLINE® and Scopus database searches in January 2021. Papers satisfying all search criteria, including a minimum of 50 patients, were further analysed and extracted of relevant data, for a total of 47 publications. Current ML image segmentation, disease risk prediction, and pathology quantitation methods have shown sensitivities and specificities over 70%, compared to expert manual analysis or invasive quantitation. Despite this, inconsistencies in methodology and the reporting of results have prevented inter-model comparison, impeding the identification of approaches with the greatest potential. The clinical potential of this technology has been well demonstrated in Computed Tomography of coronary artery disease, but remains practically limited in other modalities and body regions, particularly due to a lack of routine invasive reference measurements and patient datasets.

Construction and evaluation of hyaluronic acid-based copolymers as a targeted chemotherapy drug carrier for cancer therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (30) ◽  
pp. 305702
Author(s):  
Yuting Tang ◽  
Minglong Chen ◽  
Qian Xie ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Lei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Targeted Chemotherapy ◽  
Chemotherapy Drug

scholarly journals Current Status and Future Perspectives about Molecular Biomarkers of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3490
Author(s):  
Pui Yan Siak ◽  
Alan Soo-Beng Khoo ◽  
Chee Onn Leong ◽  
Boon-Peng Hoh ◽  
Shiau-Chuen Cheah
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that shows a remarkable ethnic and geographical distribution. It is one of the major public health problems in some countries, especially Southern China and Southeast Asia, but rare in most Western countries. Multifactorial interactions such as Epstein–Barr virus infection, individual’s genetic susceptibility, as well as environmental and dietary factors may facilitate the pathogenesis of this malignancy. Late presentation and the complex nature of the disease have led it to become a major cause of mortality. Therefore, an effective, sensitive, and specific molecular biomarker is urgently needed for early disease diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent research status of potential biomarker discovery and the problems that need to be explored further for better NPC management. By studying the aberrant pattern of these candidate biomarkers that promote NPC development and progression, we are able to understand the complexity of this malignancy better, hence positing our stands better towards strategies that may provide a way forward to the discovery of more reliable and specific biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic development.

scholarly journals Clostridial Spores for Cancer Therapy: Targeting Solid Tumour Microenvironment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Umer ◽  
David Good ◽  
Jozef Anné ◽  
Wei Duan ◽  
Ming Q. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Solid Tumour ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solid Tumours ◽  
Current Status

Solid tumour accounts for 90% of all cancers. The current treatment approach for most solid tumours is surgery, however it is limited to early stage tumours. Other treatment options such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are non-selective, thus causing damage to both healthy and cancerous tissue. Past research has focused on understanding tumour cells themselves, and conventional wisdom has aimed at targeting these cells directly. Recent research has shifted towards understanding the tumour microenvironment and it’s differences from that of healthy cells/tissues in the body and then to exploit these differences for treatmeat of the tumour. One such approach is utilizing anaerobic bacteria. Several strains of bacteria have been shown to selectively colonize in solid tumours, making them valuable tools for selective tumour targeting and destruction. Amongst them, the anaerobicClostridiumhas shown great potential in penetration and colonization of the hypoxic and necrotic areas of the tumour microenvironment, causing significant oncolysis as well as enabling the delivery of therapeutics directly to the tumourin situ. Various strategies utilizingClostridiumare currently being investigated, and represent a novel area of emerging cancer therapy. This review provides an update review of tumour microenvironment as well as summary of the progresses and current status of Clostridial spore-based cancer therapies.

scholarly journals Nanomedicines as Cancer Therapeutics: Current Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Akhter ◽  
Iqbal Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Zaki Ahmad ◽  
Farshad Ramazani ◽  
Anjali Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Current Status
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