scholarly journals URDU-POVERTY ALLEVIATION AND ISLAMIC WELFARE STATE (An analytical study according to Islamic teachings)

Poverty is a dangerous social problem which puts man under trial dissuading him from his religion and compromising his dignity and character. It is a potential threat to the peace and stability of society. Islam has enjoined upon the state as well as community to share the responsibility of eliminating poverty from society. The Quran and the Sunnah identify the ways and means by which this responsibility should be carried out. The economic philosophy of Islamic aims, in the first place, to eliminate poverty by providing the basic human needs, narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor, and developing the resources of the earth for the welfare of human beings for whom every thing in heaven and earth is made subservient.within the boundaries of its economic philosophy. Islam has contrived many ways to care the problem of poverty. Some of these are responsibility of the Islamic welfare state, others are to be fulfilled by the society and some are shared obligation of both Islamic welfare state and society.

Author(s):  
Adelaide Maria Bogo ◽  
Alan Christian Schmitt ◽  
Elisa Henning ◽  
Margarete L.A. Menegotto

Human's behavior is determined by variables that are commonly understood as needs and motives and, in general, it is motivated by a desire to achieve some goal. According to Maslow, these needs are construct on a hierarchy composed of five groups - physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem and self-actualization. In order to fulfill these needs, organizations have social behavior to address the issues of human beings, individually or collectively way. Therefore, identifying the types of actions performed and then analyzing them in the context of basic human needs, will allow us to understand isomorphic features in the social behavior of these organizations. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the social behavior of Brazilian organizations and the existence of isomorphism in these practices. The sample consists of companies listed on the ISE-BOVESPA stock market and the data were collect in the Sustainability Reports. The methodology utilize Content Analysis technique to define the categories and descriptive statistics to understand the isomorphic behavior. The findings indicate a concentration of actions on the need for ‘Safety’ and the existence of coercive and normative isomorphism in social activities for internal audiences and mimetic isomorphism in actions aimed at external audiences.


Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang

Human factors are the most predominated factors in all systems where humans are part of the systems. Human traits and needs are the fundamental force underlying almost all phenomena in human task performances, engineering organizations, and socialization. This article explores the cognitive foundations of human traits and cognitive properties of human factors in engineering. A comprehensive set of fundamental traits of human beings are identified, and the hierarchical model of basic human needs is formally described. The characteristics of human factors and their influences in engineering organizations and socialization are explored. Based on the models of basic human traits, needs, and their influences, driving forces behind the human factors in engineering and society are revealed. A formal model of human errors in task performance is derived, and case studies of the error model in software engineering are presented.


2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-143
Author(s):  
Robin Maialeh

Abstract The terms of reference for this study were to outline an inability of market principles to satisfy needs with a focus on natural determination of individuals. The author tries to define causes of market failures in satisfying of basic human needs and outlines a way how to overcome the problems stated. In the first part, evidence of elemental dissatisfaction is collected as the ground for improvements, namely an inequality as the highest hurdle on the way to satisfying of needs. The subsequent chapters analyze the role of market, especially in the context of four antagonistic relationships - macro and micro level; inequality and commonness. Chapters deal with the fact that profit maximization principally impedes satisfaction of fundamental human needs. Furthermore, mainstream development policies on macro-level are discussed. On the examples of foreign investments and market integration, the archetypal solutions for boosting economies, it is shown that in a strict economic sense, no investments principally cannot be measure to satisfy of basic human needs in a global scale. The paper indicates that general priorities of human beings are beyond the frame of contemporary economic configuration


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Juabdin Sada

Needs are something that is needed by humans to reach the level of well-being, so that if human needs are not met properly, then their human beings will not feel prosperous. It can be said that needs are something that must be there, because without that our lives become less prosperous or at least less prosperous. There are five basic human needs as stated by Abraham Maslow, the need for self-actualization, self-esteem needs, the need for love and the need for affection, the need for security and the need for comfort and need. In Islam, looking at the most basic human needs is an absolute obligation that must be lived and fulfilled among them needs: Dharuriyat Needs (i) the need to maintain religion: hold fast to religion, learn it, then preach it, stay away and warn of shirk and riya '; Combating apostates; Reminiscent of bid'ah actions and against ahlul bid'ah. (ii). self-care needs: in an emergency (forced), can eat any food for survival, even though only something that is available at the origin is available; Fulfill basic basic needs, such as food, drinks and clothing; (iii) moral requirements. (iv) guarding offspring; Prompts for marriage; witness in marriage; must maintain and provide for the child, the obligation to ensure children's education; Forbid marriage with adulterers; Forbid thalaq unless forced and forbid ikhtilâth. (v) safeguarding property: Islam requires Muslims to do charity and endeavor; Maintain property in their power; Islamic religion advocates for bershadaqah, justifying buying and selling and debts; Islamic religion forbids all forms of tyranny against other Muslim rights and property and must replace them; Obligation to safeguard property and not waste it.


2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Caroline Sousa Aragão ◽  
Marilia Cruz Gouveia Camara Guerra ◽  
Diego Lopes Oliveira

ABSTRACTObjective: to propose a Nursing Care Systematization in an ‘Agreste’ of Pernambuco hospital rooming. Method: It´s a descriptive, exploratory study realized in two steps: first, a data collect tool was created, grounded on Horta’s conceptual model which is based on the Basic Human Needs. In the second step the tool was submitted to validation of content and appearances. The research was done by six nurses, called the research judges, who answered the questionnaire to validate the tool and besides they did the direct care to patients in the rooming of Jesus Nazareno Hospital in Caruaru- Pernambuco, after the approval of Research Ethics Committee with human beings – CEP/ASCES, under protocol 062/10. Results: despite the fact that 100% of the evaluators judged the tools as clear and adequate, the majority of judges suggested it should be more practical because the tool was long and of hard application in clinic practices due to work overcharge. Conclusion: the research enabled the reflection about the necessity of elaboration of an action plan which must include group sensibilization, involvement and participation in order to implement the systematization of care. Descriptors: nursing process; rooming care; nursing evaluation; data collection; newborn; nursing care; maternal-child nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: propor uma Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE) em um alojamento conjunto de um hospital do Agreste Pernambucano. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, realizado em duas etapas: na primeira foi construído um instrumento de coleta de dados, fundamentado no modelo conceitual de Horta, que se baseia nas Necessidades Humanas Básicas e na segunda etapa, o mesmo foi submetido a validações de conteúdo e aparência. O estudo foi realizado por seis enfermeiros, os quais foram chamados de juízes da pesquisa, responderam um questionário norteador para validação do instrumento e estes prestam assistência direta ao paciente no alojamento conjunto do Hospital Jesus Nazareno em Caruaru-PE, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com seres humanos – CEP/ASCES, sob o protocolo Nº 062/10. Resultados: apesar de todos os avaliadores acharem o instrumento claro e adequado, a maioria destes juízes sugeriu que o tornasse mais prático, e o julgaram extenso e de difícil aplicação na prática clínica, em virtude da sobrecarga de trabalho. Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou a reflexão sobre a necessidade da elaboração de um plano de ação que deve incluir a sensibilização, envolvimento e participação da equipe visando implementar a sistematização da assistência. Descritores: processos de enfermagem; alojamento conjunto; avaliação em enfermagem; coleta de dados; recém-nascido; cuidados de enfermagem; enfermagem materno-infantil.RESUMENObjetivo: proponer una Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería en un alojamiento conjunto de un hospital del Agreste Pernambucano. Método: trata-se de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, realizado en dos etapas: en la primera se construyó una herramienta de colecta de datos, fundamentada en el modelo conceptual de Horta, lo cual está basado en las Necesidades Humanas Básicas. En la segunda etapa, la herramienta fue sometida a validaciones de contenido y apariencia. La investigación fue realizada por seis enfermeros, denominados jueces de investigación, quiénes  respondieron un cuestionario para validación de la herramienta y que prestan aténcion directa a pacientes en el alojamiento conjunto del Hospital Jesus Nazareno en Caruaru – Pernambuco, después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la Investigación con seres humanos – CEP/ASCES, protocolo 062/10. Resultados: no obstante el 100% de los evaluadores clasificaren la herramienta como clara y adecuada, la mayoría de los jueces sugirió que lo tornara más práctico pues es largo y de difícil aplicación en la práctica clínica, en virtud de la sobrecarga de trabajo. Conclusión: la investigación posibilitó la reflexión acerca de la necesidad de elaboración de un plan de acción que incluya la sensibilización, el involucramiento y la participación del equipo con el objetivo de implementar la sistematización de la atención. Descriptores: proceso de enfermería; alojamiento conjunto; evaluación en enfermería, recopilación de datos; del recién nacido; atención de enfermería; enfermería materno-infantil.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  

Philosophy is a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means. It signifies a natural and necessary urge in human beings to know themselves and the world in which they live and move and have their being. Hindu philosophy is intensely spiritual and has always emphasized the need for practical realization of Truth. Philosophy is a comprehensive system of ideas about human nature and the nature of the reality we live in. It is a guide for living, because the issues it addresses are basic and pervasive, determining the course we take in life and how we treat other people. Hence we can say that all the aspects of human life are influenced and governed by the philosophical consideration. As a field of study philosophy is one of the oldest disciplines. It is considered as a mother of all the sciences. In fact it is at the root of all knowledge. Education has also drawn its material from different philosophical bases. Education, like philosophy is also closely related to human life. Therefore, being an important life activity education is also greatly influenced by philosophy. Various fields of philosophy like the political philosophy, social philosophy and economic philosophy have great influence on the various aspects of education like educational procedures, processes, policies, planning and its implementation, from both the theoretical and practical aspects. In order to understand the concept of Philosophy of education it is necessary to first understand the meaning of the two terms; Philosophy and Education.


Author(s):  
حسن بن إبراهيم الهنداوي (Hassan Hendawi)

الملخّصإنّ الفقر والإملاق من المشكلات الرئيسة التي يواجهها العالم اليوم، ومن أسبابها ندرة الموارد الاقتصادية الشديدة وندرة الغذاء والماء. فندرة الموارد وقلتها كانت ذات أثر مباشر في قتل الملايين من الأنفس البشريّة. وتعدّ ندرة الموارد عند الاقتصاديين الخطر الأساس الذي يهدد الوجود البشري في هذا العصر. ويعتبرها الاقتصاديّون كذلك معضلة اقتصادية ناتجة عن رغبات الإنسان غير المتناهية مقابل موارد محدودة ومتناهية. ومن الأمور التي يقترحها الاقتصاديون من اجل التغلب على هذه المشكلة أن النّاسن ينبغي عليهم أن يختاروا الموارد الضرورية والحاجية لتلبية رغباتهم. فمفهوم الندرة من منظور الاقتصاد التقليدي يعني موارد محدودة في العالم مقابل حاجات ورغبات غير محدودة. وسبب ذلك عند الاقتصاديين أن الطبيعة لا توفر موارد كافية لتلبية حاجات الناس ورغباتهم غير المتناهية. ونظرة الإسلام التي يمثلها القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الشريفة لمسألة الندرة نظرة مختلفة تماما عن نظرة الاقتصاد التقليدي. ويعنى هذا البحث ببيان أن الندرة ليست مشكلة الطبيعة التس سخّرها الله تعالى للإنسان،  ولكن المشكلة في أخلاقيات الناس وتصرفاتهم في الموارد الطبيعية وطريقتهم في الانتفاع بها التي أدت إلى إدخال الضرر والفساد على الموارد الموجودة.الكلمات المفتاحية: الإسلام، ندرة الموارد، الاقتصاد المعاصر، الموارد الطبيعية، الطبيعة. **************************************               AbstractAmong the main problems that the world is facing today are poverty and destitution caused by severe scarcity of economic resources and the scarcity of food and water. The lack of resources has already caused the death of millions of human beings. The scarcity of resources is counted by economists as the primary danger that threatens the human existence. Economists also consider it an economic dilemma caused by infinite human desires against limited and finite resources. In order to overcome this problem among the suggestions made by economists is that human beings should choose only necessary resources to satisfy their desires. The conventional concept of scarcity is that the resources in the world are limited vis-à-vis the unlimited human needs and desires. The reason for that according to economists is that the nature does not provide sufficient resources to meet people’s endless needs and desires. Islamic approach as represented by the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah to the issue of scarcity is essentially different from the conventional viewpoint of economists. This paper proposes and explains that the problem is not in the nature which Allah has made subservient to man, but it is in the ethics of the people and their behaviour and way of utilization of natural resources, which ultimately damage and corrupt the available resources.Keywords: Islam, Scarcity of Resources, Modern Economy, Environmental Resources, Nature.


Author(s):  
David Wendell Moller
Keyword(s):  
The Poor ◽  

Why are kings without pity for their subjects? Because they count on never being common human beings. Why are the rich so hard toward the poor? It is because they have no fear of being poor. . . .—Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Émile; or, On Education1In Shakespeare’s ...


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