scholarly journals Spatial Pattern and Forecast Analysis of Urbanization Growth Rates in Henan: 2011-2015

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiguang Zhang ◽  
Mingting Ba ◽  
Hongling Meng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Growth Rates

scholarly journals Quantifying the effect of local shelter on tree growth patterns within upper treeline ecotones in the Bighorn Mountans of Wyoming.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nathan Mackley
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Tree Establishment ◽  
Moisture Retention

On Bruce Mountain in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming, the upper treeline ecotone has advanced upslope since 1970 and to the highest extent in at least the past 210 years. However, the mechanisms facilitating tree establishment and treeline advance during this time were distinctly different between north and south-facing slope aspects. Tree regeneration on the south-facing slope was predominantly confined to microsites in the sheltered lee of boulders where more shade, moisture retention, and protection from the wind exist. Trees on the north-facing slope colonized open alpine tundra and facilitated continued regeneration clustered in close proximity to these trees. Thus, while patterns of tree establishment and treeline advance are well understood, it remains unknown whether differences in tree growth exist between these two sites. This is relevant as other studies suggest that favorable climatic conditions for tree establishment do not correspond with periods of high annual growth rates for trees at upper treeline. The goal of this research was to determine whether distinct patterns of tree establishment influence annual growth rates of these trees. To address this, I calculated basal area increment (BAI) for all trees positioned above the upper forest border. Surprisingly, annual growth rates and corresponding BAI values were almost identical between sites since 1970. These results suggest that tree establishment may be more of a critical limiting factor to upper treeline advance than tree growth because consistent growth patterns were found irrespective of spatial pattern on opposite slope aspects. From spatial pattern analysis, tree establishment on the northern slope adheres to the known biological preferences for each of the treeline species; while the pattern of establishment on the southern slope is overridden by the availability of favorable sites (i.e. in the lee of boulders) providing needed shade and moisture retention. As the treeline is a temperature and moisture-limited ecotone, there are observed differences along the elevational gradient within the site and between species that grow open and have a higher drought tolerance compared to those that rely on shade and neighboring trees.

scholarly journals Rural Migration and Urbanization in China: Historical Evolution and Coupling Pattern

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhi Guo ◽  
Weifeng Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Rural Migration ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Urbanization In China

Using a population dataset of China, this study analyzes the spatial pattern of rural migration and urbanization and their coupling coordination relationship and investigates the causes of their spatial heterogeneity. Results show that rural migration and urbanization from 1978 to 2017 can be divided into three stages, i.e., the recovery and development stage, the stable and rapid development stage, and the stage of promoting the citizenization of the rural migrant population. From 2000 to 2010, counties with average annual growth rates of the ratio of rural migration (GRM) ranging from 0 to 5.00% showed a spatial pattern of ubiquitous distribution, while there were significant spatial inequalities in the average annual growth rates of the urbanization rate of the residential population (GUR) and hukou-registered population (GUH). Since urbanization and rural migration are two synergistic processes, coupling coordination degrees (CCDs) between GRM and GRU as well as GRM and GUH were generally between 0.60 and 0.80. Due to the gaps in socioeconomic development, spatial distance, and the policy system, they also showed regional heterogeneity, and there were notable differences in CCD between rural migration and urbanization of residential and hukou-registered populations. Finally, we propose that China should implement targeted and people-oriented measures to guide rural migration, promote new-type urbanization, and achieve integrated urban–rural development.

Visual cues and spatial pattern learning

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Brown ◽  
Sue Yang ◽  
Kelly Digian
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Pattern Learning

Reduced growth rates of hair in mice following radiation

1966 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Malkinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates

Institutional Theory of Endless Redistribution

2005 ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sonin
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Private Protection ◽  
The Rich

In unequal societies, the rich may benefit from shaping economic institutions in their favor. This paper analyzes the dynamics of institutional subversion by focusing on public protection of property rights. If this institution functions imperfectly, agents have incentives to invest in private protection of property rights. The ability to maintain private protection systems makes the rich natural opponents of public protection of property rights and precludes grass-roots demand to drive the development of the market-friendly institution. The economy becomes stuck in a bad equilibrium with low growth rates, high inequality of income, and wide-spread rent-seeking. The Russian oligarchs of the 1990s, who controlled large stakes of newly privatized property, provide motivation for this paper.

Waiting for a New Model of Growth: Russia’s Social and Economic Development in 2013

2014 ◽  
pp. 4-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
New Model ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Economic Risks

The paper deals with Russian social and economic development in 2013 and prospects for the next year or two. The author discusses the logic and trends of the global crisis started in 2008. This is the basis for further analysis of current Russian economic performance with special emphasis on the problem of growth rates deceleration. Special attention is paid to economic risks and priorities of economic policy.

Impacts of Paris Agreement on Russian economy

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Makarov ◽  
C. Henry ◽  
V. P. Sergey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Climate Policies

The paper applies multiregional CGE Economic Policy Projection and Analysis (EPPA) model to analyze major risks the Paris Agreement on climate change adopted in 2015 brings to Russia. The authors come to the conclusion that if parties of the Agreement meet their targets that were set for 2030 it may lead to the decrease of average annual GDP growth rates by 0.2-0.3 p. p. Stricter climate policies beyond this year would bring GDP growth rates reduction in2035-2050 by additional 0.5 p. p. If Russia doesn’t ratify Paris Agreement, these losses may increase. In order to mitigate these risks, diversification of Russian economy is required.

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