scholarly journals TRENDS RESEARCH OF THE INFORMATION ECONOMY BASED ON GLOBAL INTERNATIONAL INDICES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Morozova ◽  
◽  
Tetyana Novikova ◽  
Timur Malafeyev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
National Product ◽  
Information Economy ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the uneven development of the information economy based on an analysis of the ICT development index in order to identify innovative growth at the national, regional, and global levels. The aim of the work is to develop a set of models for the analysis of the dynamics of the information economy, which makes it possible to determine the stages of the information economy development, groups of countries according to the level of ICT development, and to assess the factors impact of ICT development on the economic growth rate. The work considered the set of information indicators for assessing the level of the information economy development and analyzed development trends of the information economy by macro-region; developed a country profile model for ICT development and built a model for measuring the impact of ICT development on economic growth. Special empirical measures – international indices – are used to determine the extent of the impact of informatization on the countries’ development. All the indicators used in the work form the basis of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development Index. This suggests that the ICT index is a universal tool for comparing world economies. Research has been carried out based on neural network modelling techniques, in particular the Kohonen network and econometric methods and models. The article discusses the use of ICT to analyze the information economy at the macroeconomic level to measure the impact of ICT on the gross national product. The author’s concept of research on the impact of ICT on the gross national product of the countries of the world has been developed. The author’s concept scheme consists of two blocks. The first block consists of the construction of country groupings based on the level of ICT development. Based on the Kohonen networks, the countries have been clustered according to the level of development of information and communication technologies, which will make it possible to compare the world economies and to highlight priority and problem areas in the implementation of ICT. The second block is to study the influence level of the ICT development index on countries' GDP using econometric models of macroeconomic indicators. The relationship between ICT and GDP has been confirmed. The simulation found that the potential for increasing GDP through ICT was greater for developing countries than for developed countries because for developed countries ICT using was routine and necessary. The impact of further ICT development in developed countries is such that, with an increase of 1% in ICT use, GDP increases by 0.6 %. For developing countries, however, the opposite is true. An increase of 1 % in the rate of ICT increases GDP by 1.2 % on average, i.e., such countries have the potential to develop and meet the targets of developed countries. The findings and results of the study can be used by policymakers and enterprises to ensure better ICT outcomes, which in turn can promote sustainable economic and social development, both in certain countries and globally.

scholarly journals 9.1. Influence of the information and communication technologies development on socio-economic systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Д.Г. Родионов ◽  
Е.А. Конников ◽  
М.О. Тихомирова
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Impact

Сфера информационно-коммуникационных технологий (ИКТ) на сегодняшний день является одной из наиболее динамично развивающихся сфер в мире. Страны с сильнейшими экономиками мира вкладывают большое количество ресурсов в цифровизацию и интеграцию достижений отрасли высоких технологий в экономику. В рамках данного исследования предпринята попытка оценить влияние развитости сферы информационных технологий на показатели социально-экономического развития в группе развитых и развивающихся стран. ИКТ могут ускорить достижение Целей Организации Объединенных Наций (ООН) в области устойчивого развития, которые на сегодняшний день являются центральными задачами многих стран мира. Этим и объясняется актуальность выявления и исследования факторов, оказывающих влияние на развитие сектора ИКТ и использование сферы высоких технологий в достижении социально-экономических Целей ООН в области устойчивого развития. Для оценки влияния развитости ИКТ на социально-экономические показатели стран выбран метод регрессионного анализа. В качестве центральной переменной, измеряющей уровень развитости сферы ИКТ по странам, выбран показатель развития ИКТ (ICT Development Index). Полученные результаты демонстрируют положительное влияние развитости сферы информационно-коммуникационных технологий на социально-экономи­ческие показатели стран, в то же время в группе развивающихся стран влияние достаточно слабое. Результаты данного исследования могут быть использованы для формирования стратегии развития сектора ИКТ для стран с разным уровнем социокультурного и экономического развития. The field of information and communication technologies (ICT) is today one of the most dynamically developing areas in the world. The countries with the strongest economies in the world are investing a large amount of resources in digitalization and the integration of the achievements of the high-tech industry into the economy. Within the framework of this study, an attempt was made to assess the impact of the development of the information technology sphere on the indicators of socio-economic development in the group of developed and developing countries. Information and communication technologies can accelerate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which are now central to many countries around the world. This explains the relevance of identifying and studying the factors influencing the development of the ICT sector and the use of high technologies in achieving the socio-economic UN Sustainable Development Goals. To assess the impact of the development of information and communication technologies on the socio-economic indicators of countries, the method of regression analysis was chosen. The ICT Development Index is chosen as the central variable that measures the level of development of the information and communication technologies sector by country. The results obtained demonstrate the positive influence of the development of the sphere of information and communication technologies on the socio-economic indicators of countries, at the same time in the group of developing countries the influence is rather weak. The results of this study can be used to formulate a strategy for the development of the ICT sector for countries with different levels of sociocultural and economic development.

scholarly journals Business Value and E-Commerce Adoption

2019 ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
Anthony Akai Acheampong Otoo ◽  
Li Zhiwen ◽  
Charles Oduro Acheampong Otoo ◽  
Maxwell Opuni Antwi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Business Value ◽  
Development Index ◽  
International Telecommunications ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
Developed Nations

The clear differences between developing nations and developed nations have posed an enormous problem in trying to design a “one-size-fits-all” theory of Electronic Commerce (EC) adoption. Most prior studies have proposed that generalizing findings of developed countries to the context of developing countries are of worry (Rahayu & Day, 2015; J. Tan, Tyler, & Manica, 2007). Table 1 shows the ICT Development Index (benchmarking tools to monitor information society developments worldwide) of some countries that have hosted the earlier literature on EC International Telecommunications Unions (ITU, 2017). These statistics may well indicate that businesses in developed countries and developing countries vary with regard to information technology and EC context<strong>.</strong> The latest ITU report in 2017 on ICT Development Index, ranks Ghana as the 112th country regarding ICT development in 2016, which shows a slight decline in the ranking compared to 111th in 2015 (the IDI value increased from 3.75 in 2015 to 3.99 in 2016). This may suggest that Ghana does not have appropriate infrastructure for effective e-business compared to countries like Singapore, China and USA.

ICT in Regional Development

2005 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Saundarjya Borbora ◽  
Mrinal Kanti Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Internet Connections ◽  
The Developed Countries

Economic development and information and communication technology (ICT) are found to move together in the present day era of globalization. ICT can contribute significantly in economic development of a region by providing adequate information at the minimum of time and cost, thereby enhancing productivity in different sectors of an economy. This fact is substantiated by several studies (Kraemer & Dedrick, 2001; Pohjola, 2001). Some country specific studies like that of Singapore (Wong, 2001) also highlighted similar results. ICT diffusion in the world has been quite rapid since the mid 1990s. While the developed countries have benefited substantially from the ICT growth, the developing countries could not reap similar benefits out of it which has resulted in emergence of a digital divide across the countries (Economist, 2000; Nkrumah, 2000; Norris, 2001). This divide is noticed not only across countries but also within a country and this is more prominent in developing economies like India. ICT diffusion is another area which needs more attention in India as it will lead to ICT access and application of ICT in real sectors to increase productivity and output. During the past one decade India has made rapid advances in ICT growth as reflected in the increase in the number of Internet connections and users. The growth of Internet connections and users in the country is shown in Table 1.

scholarly journals Coping with the Exceptional Economic Problems in Turkey: A Field Survey on SMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ercan Özen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rate Volatility ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Exchange Rate Fluctuations ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Developing countries need higher economic growth to reach the level of developed countries. When developing countries exceed the potential economic growth, problems, such as, high external debt and high current deficit emerge. Such situations increase the financial risk of the country; in addition, international political risks, fluctuations in capital inflows and some manipulative movements have subjected countries to extreme exchange rate fluctuations. Purposes of this research: (1) to uncover the impact of high exchange rate volatility on small business activities and (2) to determine whether the level of exposure of the exchange rate shock on business owners varies by age. The methodology of the study involved a survey administered to 390 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The findings of the study show that after a period of significant exchange rate fluctuations, business activities were negatively affected, sales decreased, and job cuts increased. On the other hand, the exchange rate effect was mostly felt by all business owners of different ages. According to the study, it can be concluded that small enterprises are vulnerable to rising exchange rate volatility. The effect on SMEs with more work experience is not different. In order to alleviate the effects of adverse exchange rate movements, enterprises should be more cautious in their activities. Two suggestions can be made at this point: (i) Governments should follow optimal growth policies and (ii) Small businesses that have an important place in the economy should be made aware of the exchange rate risk and crisis management.

scholarly journals How to be an Asian Tiger

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Anis Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Country ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Asian Tiger ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Industrialised Countries

In 1995 the Republic of Korea (ROK) was officially admitted to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This organisation groups together industrially developed countries of the world. Recently, the World Bank has also released a study of China that predicts that China is going to become the second biggest economy in the next fifteen years if its economic growth follows the pattern of the last fifteen years. ROK is the only country from among the developing countries to join the ranks of the developed industrialised countries in the last thirty years. However, it is still a small country compared to China. Hence when China completes its transformation into an industrialised country the whole world will be affected.

scholarly journals Dimensions and causes of long-term decrease in prices of primary commodities in the world market

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladjen Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
The Real ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

In the distant past prices of primary commodities had shown a tendency of decrease and their increase was recorded only during the First and Second World Wars. Since 1950s there had been recorded a slight decrease in global price indices of primary commodities, while in early 1970s they grew to a considerable extent. After that and up to 2001 the global nominal price indices and particularly real price indices of non-energy primary products drastically fell reaching the lowest level in their history. This applied to prices of all primary commodities as a whole as well as to all groupings of these products. On the other hand, prices of industrial products exported by developed countries to underdeveloped and medium-developed ones, dynamically grew in the second half of the previous century. Thus, the terms of trade substantially aggravated for underdeveloped countries whose exports structure is still dominated by non-energy primary commodities. Therefore, the negative correlation was clearly manifested between a very high share of primary commodities in the structure of commodity exports and a very low per capita income in a number of developing countries. The drastic fall in prices of primary commodities and the simultaneous dynamic growth in prices of industrial products caused to a great extent reduction of the share of primary commodities in the world commodity trade - from 57 per cent recorded in 1950 to only over 20 per cent recorded in late 20th and early 21st centuries. Among numerous factors that have brought about a drastic fall in prices of primary commodities the most prominent are: technical and technological progress in their production, production of their substitutes, in traffic and other sectors as well. Apart from this, the decrease in prices of primary commodities has been considerably caused by change in exchange rate at par to US dollar, agricultural policies of developed countries, privatisation of companies that produce commodities and particularly by too excessive production and purchase in relation to demand and spending that in recent years have been under the impact of recession that has emerged in developed economies and a number of newly industrialised and developing countries, as well as a very slow revival of economies in transition. By all this, a drastic fall in prices of a number of particular products from this group has also resulted from the impact exerted by some specific factors. Taking into consideration the fact that the impact of the most important factors that have brought about the drastic fall in prices of primary commodities is of permanent character and that it will be exerted to a greater or lesser extent in the next dozen of years the experts of the World Bank forecasted in late 2002 that, taken as a whole, the real prices of primary commodities would slightly increase by 2015, but they would still be at a lower level than in 1990. By all this, they forecasted that the real prices of energy commodities (this also including raw oil) would be considerably reduced in that period.

ICT in Regional Development

2008 ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Saundarjya Borbora ◽  
Mrinal Kanti Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Internet Connections ◽  
The Developed Countries

Economic development and information and communication technology (ICT) are found to move together in the present day era of globalization. ICT can contribute significantly in economic development of a region by providing adequate information at the minimum of time and cost, thereby enhancing productivity in different sectors of an economy. This fact is substantiated by several studies (Kraemer & Dedrick, 2001; Pohjola, 2001). Some country specific studies like that of Singapore (Wong, 2001) also highlighted similar results. ICT diffusion in the world has been quite rapid since the mid 1990s. While the developed countries have benefited substantially from the ICT growth, the developing countries could not reap similar benefits out of it which has resulted in emergence of a digital divide across the countries (Economist, 2000; Nkrumah, 2000; Norris, 2001). This divide is noticed not only across countries but also within a country and this is more prominent in developing economies like India. ICT diffusion is another area which needs more attention in India as it will lead to ICT access and application of ICT in real sectors to increase productivity and output. During the past one decade India has made rapid advances in ICT growth as reflected in the increase in the number of Internet connections and users. The growth of Internet connections and users in the country is shown in Table 1.

scholarly journals Institutional aspect of influence of the foreign direct investments on the economic growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 13022
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Anoshkina ◽  
Elizaveta Markovskaya ◽  
Angela Mottaeva ◽  
Asiiat Mottaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
The Impact

Authors analyze the differences between the influence of the foreign direct investments on the economic growth in the developed and developing countries. For the model of the gross domestic product (GDP) on the foreign direct investments for the developed countries the following data are used: observations for the 10 countries during 1983-2013. For the model of the GDP on the foreign direct investments (FDI) for the developing countries the following data are used: observations for the 11 countries during 1994-2013. Investigators conclude that the influence of the foreign direct investments on the economic growthdefinitely has the positive effect in both cases. However, the degree of this influence depends on the type of the country. The developing countries get the smaller effect from the foreign direct investments because of the non-transparent institutional environment and negative influence of other non-economic factors. These findings provide an opportunity to judge that in developed countries, institutional and economic environment and, most of all, human capital allow you to get the full effect of FDI, that is, as capital accumulation and spill-over effects. In developing countries, there should be thresholds to reduce effects of FDI, such as insufficient human capital and poor economic and institutional environment. Thus, the impact of FDI on economic growth is certainly positive, however the level of this effect depends on country characteristics. That is, the hypothesis that FDI affects developing countries less than developed, due to the existence of thresholds in the form of unhealthy institutional and economic environment were confirmed.

scholarly journals The Investments Efficiency Toward Economic Growth: ICOR of the Republic of Croatia and Slovenia - Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeton Mazllami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
Output Ratio ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Most developing and developed countries, today are faced with a lot of economic, social, and political challenges as a result of internal or external factors such as the World Financial Crisis and Covid19. In these circumstances, the crucial objective of any government is to improve the national economic performance by increasing domestics and foreign investments. Investments efficiency is the main pillar in the increase of the economic growth of any economy. This paper aims to measure the efficiency of the investments towards economic growth in the Republic of Croatia and Slovenia by applying a comparative analysis. The specific objective of our paper is to determine the best ICOR level, the correlation between ICOR and GDP, and the impact on the economic growth of both countries. The research methodology will include the analysis of the efficiency of the investment measured by the indicators Incremental Capital-Output Ratio (ICOR) based on the World Bank approach. The period of observation includes the period from the year 1995 to 2020. The investment efficiency (ICOR) in both countries is expected to move between 1 and 6. The findings of this research are that each one-point decrease of the ICOR level of Croatia increases the economic growth by 1.961 percent, while the ICOR level of Slovenia increases less the Economic growth by 0.259 percent.

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