scholarly journals Design and implementation of IOT based Gas detection & fire extinguishing System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 944-949
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Board ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Electrical Devices ◽  
Gas Leaks ◽  
Fire Extinguishing System

The protection of housesfrom thefire is a major challenge due to the growing population andgrowth of number of buildings. The gas detection and circuit breaking definitely will be the first step to reduce this problem. Furthermore it is more useful to provide much more security to the mines with less cost and without sacrificing the quality of equipment.The project presents a new way for securing the domestic and industrial buildings from causing the fire and providing the information to the user as soon as it detects the gas and fire. It also uses the IOT system, when identified the fire and informing the user through an application.As soon as the gas is detected the module turns off the nearby circuit board using H-bridge, so that nearby electrical devices would not cause any type of the causes for the fire. The usage of the low power devices would not consume much of the power. It also turns on the ventilator fan for exhausting of the gases.Using this kind of modules would enhance the opportunities for the safety of thebuildings and saving more lives.In this paper we have designed Internet of Things based system which enables the early detection of fire and gas leaks.

scholarly journals Using Regulatory Flexibility to Address Market Informality in Seed Systems: A Global Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Katrin Kuhlmann ◽  
Bhramar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Regulatory Flexibility

Seed rules and regulations determine who can produce and sell seeds, which varieties will be available in the market, the quality of seed for sale, and where seed can be bought and sold. The legal and regulatory environment for seed impacts all stakeholders, including those in the informal sector, through shaping who can participate in the market and the quality and diversity of seed available. This paper addresses a gap in the current literature regarding the role of law and regulation in linking the informal and formal seed sectors and creating more inclusive and better governed seed systems. Drawing upon insights from the literature, global case studies, key expert consultations, and a methodology on the design and implementation of law and regulation, we present a framework that evaluates how regulatory flexibility can be built into seed systems to address farmers’ needs and engage stakeholders of all sizes. Our study focuses on two key dimensions: extending market frontiers and liberalizing seed quality control mechanisms. We find that flexible regulatory approaches and practices play a central role in building bridges between formal and informal seed systems, guaranteeing quality seed in the market, and encouraging market entry for high-quality traditional and farmer-preferred varieties.

scholarly journals Method of Estimating Uncertainty as a Way to Evaluate Continuity Quality of Power Supply in Hospital Devices

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Marek Stawowy ◽  
Adam Rosiński ◽  
Jacek Paś ◽  
Tomasz Klimczak
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Uncertainty Modeling ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Electrical Devices

The article presents issues related to the determination of the continuity quality of power supply (CQoPS) for hospital electrical devices. The model describing CQoPS takes into account power redundancy. The uncertainty modeling method based on the certainty factor (CF) of the hypothesis was used to establish the single-valued CQoPS factor. CQoPS modeling takes into account multidimensional quality models and physical stages of power. The quality models take into account seven dimensions that make up CQoPS (availability, appropriate amount, power supply reliability, power quality, assurance, responsiveness, security). The model of power stages includes five of these stages (power generation, delivery to recipient, distribution by recipient, delivery to device, power-consuming device). To date, when designing hospital power systems, the applied reliability indicators revealed limitations because they do not consider all the possible factors influencing the power continuity. Estimating the supply continuity quality with the use of the uncertainty modeling proposed in this article allows for taking into account all possible factors (not just reliability factors) that may affect supply continuity. The presented modeling offers an additional advantage, namely, it allows an expanded evaluation of the hospital supply system and a description using only one indicator. This fact renders the evaluation of the supply system possible for unqualified staff. At the end of the article, some examples of calculations and simulations are presented, thus showing that the applied methods give the expected results.

scholarly journals Are Multi-Language Design Smells Fault-Prone? An Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
Mouna Abidi ◽  
Md Saidur Rahman ◽  
Moses Openja ◽  
Foutse Khomh
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Language Design ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Code Smells ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Design Smells ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fault Proneness

Nowadays, modern applications are developed using components written in different programming languages and technologies. The cost benefits of reuse and the advantages of each programming language are two main incentives behind the proliferation of such systems. However, as the number of languages increases, so do the challenges related to the development and maintenance of these systems. In such situations, developers may introduce design smells (i.e., anti-patterns and code smells) which are symptoms of poor design and implementation choices. Design smells are defined as poor design and coding choices that can negatively impact the quality of a software program despite satisfying functional requirements. Studies on mono-language systems suggest that the presence of design smells may indicate a higher risk of future bugs and affects code comprehension, thus making systems harder to maintain. However, the impact of multi-language design smells on software quality such as fault-proneness is yet to be investigated. In this article, we present an approach to detect multi-language design smells in the context of JNI systems. We then investigate the prevalence of those design smells and their impacts on fault-proneness. Specifically, we detect 15 design smells in 98 releases of 9 open-source JNI projects. Our results show that the design smells are prevalent in the selected projects and persist throughout the releases of the systems. We observe that, in the analyzed systems, 33.95% of the files involving communications between Java and C/C++ contain occurrences of multi-language design smells. Some kinds of smells are more prevalent than others, e.g., Unused Parameters , Too Much Scattering , and Unused Method Declaration . Our results suggest that files with multi-language design smells can often be more associated with bugs than files without these smells, and that specific smells are more correlated to fault-proneness than others. From analyzing fault-inducing commit messages, we also extracted activities that are more likely to introduce bugs in smelly files. We believe that our findings are important for practitioners as it can help them prioritize design smells during the maintenance of multi-language systems.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency and ecological quality of buildings by process control of heat supply systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Benuzh ◽  
Sergey Fedorov ◽  
Ekaterina Orenburova
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Heat Supply System ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Operation Algorithm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Continuous Heat

The article presents special characteristics of mathematical modeling of the process control a resource efficient heat supply system of industrial buildings and facilities, where constant temperature maintenance is especially critical for the process. A functional diagram of the operation of the continuous heat supply process is provided. The dependence of temperature at the point of heat-transfer fluid mixing on environmental is analyzed and control system operation algorithm is proposed.

Thermal Model of Printed Circuit Board Plated-Through Hole under One-Sided Heating Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
V.A. Sergeev ◽  
◽  
A.M. Khodakov ◽  
M.Yu. Salnikov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Thermal Models ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Plated Through Hole ◽  
Through Hole

Thermal methods of quality control of the plated-through hole (PTH) of printed circuit board (PCB) are based on thermal models. However, known thermal models of PTH take no account of heat transfer to PCB material thus not allowing for PTH heat characteristic tying up with adhesion quality. In this work, an axisymmetric thermal model of a single-layer PCB PTH under one-sided heating conditions is considered. It was shown that the ratio of the temperature increments of the upper (heated) and lower end of the PTH in the considered range of heating power does not depend on the power level. A linear thermal equivalent scheme of the PTH has been proposed, which includes the longitudinal thermal resistance of the PTH metallization, de-termined by the parameters and quality of the metallization layer, the thermal resistance, which determines the convection heat exchange between the ends of the PTH with the adjacent PCB surface and the environment, and the thermal resistance of the area of the PCB material adjacent to the PTH, depending on the quality of the metallization adhesion and the PCB dielectric. Thermal equivalent circuit parameters determined by the ratio of the temperature increment of the upper and lower ends of the PTH and their difference can serve as the basis for the development of a nondestructive inspection procedure for PTH quality control by way of its unilateral heating, for example, by a laser beam.

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