Prevalence of Cryptosporidiosis in Ostriches from Central and South Parts of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Al- Zubaidei H. Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
June July ◽  
First Time

The prevalence of Ostriches cryptosporidiosis was determined for the first time in central and south parts of Iraq to study the effects of age, sex and months on the infection rate and to record the morphological characterization of Cryptosporidium spp in Ostriches. A total of 200 Ostriches fecal samples were examined by traditional methods for detection of the parasite. The total infection rate was 11% (22/200), and the highest infection rate was 12.26% (13/106) in chicks ( 9 months), while the lowest infection rate was 9.57% (9/94) recorded in the adult (> 9 Months). The study included seven provinces in the central and south parts of Iraq: Wasit, Baghdad, Babylon, Diyala, Karbala, Al-Najaf and Al-Qadisiyah. The highest infection rate was reported in Al-Najaf (23.53%) compared with the lowest rate (0%) in Wasit province. March reported an infection rate of 50%, while the lowest rate (0%) was registered during the summer months: June, July and August with a significant difference (P0.05) among months of the study. Morphologically, the study indicated the wide spread of Cryptosporidium parasites in Ostriches in both central and south area of Iraq

scholarly journals Comparison Study about Selected Human Infection of Zoonotic Cryptosporidiosis by Conventional Diagnostic Methods in Karbala Province, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Jihad T O AL-Yasary ◽  
Azhar A Faraj
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Cryptosporidium spp Parasites were detected in man in Karbala province of Iraq by conventional methods (Flotation Methods by Sheather's sugar solution and stained with modified Ziehl-Neelsen) to study the effects of age, sex, and months on the infection rate and to record the morphological characterization of Cryptosporidium spp in patients. This study was done through the period from beginning of December 2019 to September 2020. A total of 100 fecal samples were collected from adult and young and from both sexes of human. The result recorded infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp in human in about 26%. Infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. showed a significant relation among age groups of humans and the maximum infection rate was showed at age group 2-6 years 44% (11/25) and this percentage of infection from the number human samples at this age group, while the minimum rate was among age group 18-25 years 12% (3/25) and this percentage of infection from the number human samples at the age group. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in relation to the sex of infected human. The result showed no significant difference between the rate of infection and the highest rate was in males who recorded 27.41% (17/62) and this percentage of infection from the number male samples, while the lowest percentage 23.68% (9/38) was recorded in the females and this percentage of infection from the number female samples. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in human was according to Months of the year. The results of current study showed that higher infection rate with Cryptosporidium 46.66% (7/15) in February and this percentage of infection from the number of samples at this month. And the lowest rate of infection was 10% (1/10) infection rate in July and this percentage of infection from the number of samples at this month. In Conclusion, human patients indicated that the Cryptosporidium spp infection rate by using microscopic technique to be 26%, significant differences in infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. among age groups and months of study. There was no significant difference in infection rate between sex.

scholarly journals A Novel Genotype and First Record of Trypanosoma lainsoni in Argentina

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Anahí G. Díaz ◽  
Paula G. Ragone ◽  
Fanny Rusman ◽  
Noelia Floridia-Yapur ◽  
Rubén M. Barquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Pairwise Identity ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Chaco Region ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
First Time

Trypanosomes are a group of parasitic flagellates with medical and veterinary importance. Despite many species having been described in this genus, little is known about many of them. Here, we report a genetic and morphological characterization of trypanosomatids isolated from wild mammals from the Argentine Chaco region. Parasites were morphologically and ultrastructurally characterized by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, 18s rRNA and gGAPDH genes were sequenced and analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Morphological characterization showed clear characteristics associated with the Trypanosoma genus. The genetic characterization demonstrates that the studied isolates have identical sequences and a pairwise identity of 99% with Trypanosoma lainsoni, which belongs to the clade of lizards and snakes/rodents and marsupials. To date, this species had only been found in the Amazon region. Our finding represents the second report of T. lainsoni and the first record for the Chaco region. Furthermore, we ultrastructurally described for the first time the species. Finally, the host range of T. lainsoni was expanded (Leopardus geoffroyi, Carenivora, Felidae; and Calomys sp., Rodentia, Cricetidae), showing a wide host range for this species.

Morphological and molecular characterization of cucullanid nematodes including Cucullanus opisthoporus n. sp. in freshwater fish from the Brazilian Amazon

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Pereira ◽  
J.L. Luque
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
First Time

AbstractMolecular and morphological characterization of two species of Cucullanidae from freshwater fish in Brazil are provided, one of which represented an undescribed taxon. Cucullanus opisthoporus n. sp. was collected in Cichla melaniae from River Xingu, State of Pará, and in C. pinima from River Jamarí, State of Rondônia. Nematodes referable to Cucullanus grandistomis were collected in Oxydoras niger from River Xingu. The new species has an appendage in the tail tip, ventrally covered by small spines, which is an exclusive feature of Cucullanus tucunarensis. However, C. tucunarensis differs from C. opisthoporus n. sp. based upon the relative position of deirids and the excretory pore, which are more posterior from the oesophageal end in the new species. Observations of C. tucunarensis type specimens also revealed features that were wrongly or not reported in the original description. Type specimens of C. grandistomis were observed, although they were poorly preserved. After evaluation of newly collected specimens of C. grandistomis, features unreported in the original description were observed for the first time, including the presence of an intestinal caecum. Thus, C. grandistomis was transferred to Dichelyne. Sequences of the 18S and 28S rRNA genes revealed high genetic similarity between the specimens of C. opisthoporus n. sp. from the two different hosts as well as their genetic distance from Dichelyne grandistomis n. comb. Phylogenetic reconstructions using representatives of Cucullanidae suggested the artificiality of the current morphological system adopted to separate the genera, since most genera were not monophyletic, although the availability of genetic data is still fragmented.

An extraordinary new genus and three new species of Acostemmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Madagascar with comments on the morphology and classification of the tribe

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3209 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. ZAHNISER ◽  
M. W. NIELSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Speci Mens ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

The circumscription and morphological characterization of the deltocephaline tribe Acostemmini is revised based on dis-coveries of new and poorly known taxa from recent collections in Madagascar and from examination of the type speci-mens of Alocoelidia fulva Evans, Iturnoria insulana Evans, and Protonesis delegorguei Spinola. Alocoelidia Evans 1954,Caelidioides Signoret 1880, Iturnoria Evans 1954, and Protonesis Spinola 1850 were previously placed in Coelidiinaebut were later removed from the subfamily and until now have been unplaced to subfamily are placed here in Deltocepha-linae: Acostemmini, new placement. A new genus and species, Ikelibeloha cristata gen. n., sp. n., are described that havean unusually modified structure of the head and a large, crested pronotum. Molecular data (28S, Histone H3 genes) wereobtained for Ikelibeloha and Iturnoria, and analyzed with other members of Deltocephalinae. Results of the phylogeneticanalyses show strong support for the monophyletic clade ((Acostemma, Eryapus), (Ikelibeloha, Iturnoria)) and thus a re-lationship between previously described Acostemmini, Ikelibeloha, and Iturnoria has strong statistical support, and aclose relationship is inferred between these and the morphologically similar Alocoelidia, Caelidioides, and Protonesis.Two new species of Alocoelidia, A. maurae sp. n. and A. chasei sp. n. are described, and the genus is redescribed. Themale genitalia of Caelidioides tristis (Signoret), Iturnoria insulana, Alocoelidia fulva, and Acostemella rubra Evans areillustrated and described for the first time. The female genitalia of A. fulva, C. tristis and I. insulana are described and thefirst and second valvulae of C. tristis are illustrated. The habitus and face of Protonesis delegorguei are illustrated and thegenus is redescribed. The characters traditionally used to define Acostemmini are reviewed with notes on their known de-grees of variation, and characters that differentiate Acostemmini from the closely related tribe Stegelytrini are discussed.The type of Malagasiella minima Evans was also examined, and Malagasiella Evans, 1954 is considered a junior syn-onym of Doratulina Melichar, 1903 (Deltocephalinae: Stenometopiini), syn. n. giving the new combination Doratulina minima (Evans) comb. n.

scholarly journals Structure and distribution of glandular trichomes in three species of Bignoniaceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Fernandes Paiva de Castro FRÓES ◽  
Thália do Socorro Serra GAMA ◽  
Ana Carla FEIO ◽  
Diego DEMARCO ◽  
Ana Cristina Andrade de AGUIAR-DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Nodal Region ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Glandular trichomes play a major role in the morphological characterization of the Bignoniaceae. Due to their great diversity of forms and functions, this study aimed to inventory the glandular trichomes present in the aerial vegetative axis of Amphilophium magnoliifolium, Martinella obovata and Stizophyllum riparium, analyze their structure and register the participation of ants in these plants. Fresh samples from the nodal region, petiole and from medium to apical regions of the leaflet blade were fixed and processed according to usual methods in light and scanning electron microscopies. The glandular trichomes found were: peltate, capitate, stipitate, and patelliform/cupular. Peltate trichomes are the most abundant ones and present the most uniform distribution. Patelliform/cupular trichomes occur at specific regions, such as prophylls, leaflet blade and nodal regions. Martinella obovata is the only species that presents capitate and stipitate trichomes, which are widely distributed along the entire aerial vegetative axis. Ants were found in all species, mainly at nodal regions. The occurrence of the capitate-type trichome is reported for the first time to the genus.

scholarly journals Styrenic-Rubber Dielectric Elastomer Actuator with Inherent Stiffness Compensation

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Giacomo Moretti ◽  
Luca Sarina ◽  
Lorenzo Agostini ◽  
Rocco Vertechy ◽  
Giovanni Berselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Side Length ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators ◽  
Mechanical Elements ◽  
First Time

Up to date, Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (DEA) have been mostly based on either silicone or acrylic elastomers, whereas the potential of DEAs based on inexpensive, wide-spread natural and synthetic rubbers has been scarcely investigated. In this paper, a DEA based on a styrene-based rubber is demonstrated for the first time. Using a Lozenge-Shaped DEA (LS-DEA) layout and following a design procedure previously proposed by the authors, we develop prototypes featuring nearly-zero mechanical stiffness, in spite of the large elastic modulus of styrenic rubber. Stiffness compensation is achieved by simply taking advantage of a biaxial pre-stretching of the rubber DE membrane, with no need for additional stiffness cancellation mechanical elements. In the paper, we present a characterization of the styrene rubber-based LS-DEA in different loading conditions (namely, isopotential, isometric, and isotonic), and we prove that actuation strokes of at least 18% the actuator side length can be achieved, thanks to the proposed stiffness-compensated design.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from fecal samples of birds kept in captivity in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Akira Nakamura ◽  
Daniel Castendo Simões ◽  
Rômulo Godik Antunes ◽  
Deuvânia Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
In Captivity

scholarly journals Purification of Hollow Sporopollenin Microcapsules from Sunflower and Chamomile Pollen Grains

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Ageitos ◽  
Sandra Robla ◽  
Lorena Valverde-Fraga ◽  
Marcos Garcia-Fuentes ◽  
Noemi Csaba
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Product Density ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
Nanoporous Surface ◽  
First Time

Pollen grains are natural microcapsules comprised of the biopolymer sporopollenin. The uniformity and special tridimensional architecture of these sporopollenin structures confer them attractive properties such as high resistance and improved bioadhesion. However, natural pollen can be a source of allergens, hindering its biomedical applicability. Several methods have been developed to remove internal components and allergenic compounds, usually involving long and laborious processes, which often cannot be extended to other pollen types. In this work, we propose an abridged protocol to produce stable and pristine hollow pollen microcapsules, together with a complete physicochemical and morphological characterization of the intermediate and final products. The optimized procedure has been validated for different pollen samples, also producing sporopollenin microcapsules from Matricaria species for the first time. Pollen microcapsules obtained through this protocol presented low protein content (4.4%), preserved ornamented morphology with a nanoporous surface, and low product density (0.14 g/cm3). These features make them interesting candidates from a pharmaceutical perspective due to the versatility of this biomaterial as a drug delivery platform.

scholarly journals Chimera-competent eXtra-Embryonic eNdoderm (XEN) cells established from pig embryos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Park ◽  
Young Jeoung ◽  
Jun Uh ◽  
Kieun Park ◽  
Jessica Bridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
Visceral Yolk Sac ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this article, we report for the first time the derivation and characterization of extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) cells from primitive endoderm (PrE) of porcine (p) embryos. The pXEN cells can be reliably and reproducibly generated from parthenote, in vitro and in vivo derived embryos. The pXEN cells retained all the hallmarks of PrE including expression of canonical PrE and XEN cell markers (GATA4, GATA6, SOX17, SALL4, FOXA2, and HNF4A). Transcriptome analysis further confirmed their XEN cell origin. The pXEN cells when introduced into blastocyst stage embryo contributed to wide-spread chimerism including visceral yolk sac, chorion, as well as embryonic gut and liver primordium in the fetus. The pXEN cells were shown to be an efficient nuclear donor for generating cloned offspring. Taken together, pXEN cells fulfil a longstanding need for a stable, chimera-competent, and nuclear transfer-compatible porcine embryonic cells with applications for agriculture and medicine.Significance StatementWe report for the first time, the derivation and characterization of extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cells from porcine (p) embryos. The pXEN cells can be reliably and reproducibly derived from primitive endoderm precursors. When injected into blastocyst-stage embryos, the pXEN cells have contributed to wide-spread chimerism including visceral yolk sac, chorion of the extraembryonic membranes, as well as definitive endoderm of the fetus, primarily the embryonic gut and liver primordium. Additionally, these XEN cells have proven to be an efficient nuclear donor for generating cloned offspring. These newly discovered stem cells provide a novel model for studying lineage segregation, as well as a source for interspecies chimeras for generating endodermal organs, and for genome editing in livestock.

scholarly journals DNA barcoding and morphological characterization of moth Antoculeora ornatissima (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a new range record from western Himalayan region of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 12817-12820
Author(s):  
Twinkle Sinha ◽  
P.R. Shashank ◽  
Pratima Chaudhuri Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Western Himalayan Region ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

DNA barcoding of Antoculeora ornatissima (Walker, 1858) was done for the first time from India.  Redescriptions of genitalia and diagnoses of genus and species are presented with images and illustrations.

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