scholarly journals Impact of different doses of deltamethrine on soil microbial density and crop growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 036-042
Author(s):  
Akien-Alli IJ ◽  
Dokubo, KO ◽  
Otali CC ◽  
Braide W
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Microbial Density ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The effects of agrochemicals pollution on soil nutrients, soil microbes as well as plants cultivated on the soil were studied. Insecticide and herbicide were used to impact on the soil samples across concentration gradients. Bean and maize seeds were planted in separate experiments to monitor the effects of the agrochemicals on the plants. The microbial diversity and the physicochemical characteristics of the soil before and after pollution were determined using standard methods. Chlorophyll contents of the leaves were also determined after planting. Results indicated that bacterial isolates such as Enterococcus sp 54(40%), Staphylococcus sp 8(13%), Bacillus sp 46(34%) and Micrococcus sp 15(11%) and fungal isolates such as Penicillium sp 41(34%), Saccharomyces sp 67(56%), Yeast sp 4(3%), Geotrichum sp 6 (5%) and Aspergillus sp 1(1.8%) were recovered from treated and untreated soil with the percentages representing after planting. From the results, the herbicide treated soils indicated that the Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Count (THBC) increased after cultivation while the Total Heterotrophic Fungal Count (THFC) decreased after cultivation. On the other hand, the insecticides treated soils recorded a general decrease in THFC and THBC after cultivation. The total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) had no significant differences before and after planting while the exchangeable potassium (EP) had significant increase recorded after planting. Plants generally had poor growth characteristics recorded by stem girth and length, as well as chlorophyll content.

scholarly journals Effects of crop type on soil microbial properties in the cropland of the Jianghan plain of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Li Jun ◽  
Liu Lixin ◽  
Zhang Chunlei ◽  
Chen Chang ◽  
Lu Guangyuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Jianghan Plain ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are varied by growing different crops, ultimately reflecting the growth and reproduction of crops. In this study, two types of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ZS11 and ZY821) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ZM9023) were planted in the Jianghan plain of China. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected three months after sowing. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly increased from 25.57 mg/kg (ZM9023) to 33.20 mg/kg (ZS11) and 35.72 mg/kg (ZY821), respectively. Invertase activity of ZS821 (0.86 mg glucose/g) was significantly lower than in ZS11 (1.04 mg glucose/g). Acid phosphatase activity under planting rapes was significantly higher than that under wheat. Urease activities significantly increased from 40.88 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (NFP) to 49.04 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (FNP) and 51.28 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZM9023), 51.60 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZY821) and 52.28 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N/g soil/24 h (ZS11), respectively. The ACE (abundance based coverage estimator) and Chao1 indexes of bacteria of ZS11 were lower than ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023. Fertilization increased soil bacterial ACE and Chao1 indexes. However, ACE and Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of soil fungi for ZS11 were significantly higher than in ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023 (except for the Shannon index).

scholarly journals Biofilm-FormingStaphylococcus epidermidisExpressing Vancomycin Resistance Early after Adhesion to a Metal Surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Sakimura ◽  
Shiro Kajiyama ◽  
Shinji Adachi ◽  
Ko Chiba ◽  
Akihiko Yonekura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Fluorescence Staining ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
Resistance Expression

We investigated biofilm formation and time of vancomycin (VCM) resistance expression after adhesion to a metal surface inStaphylococcus epidermidis. Biofilm-formingStaphylococcus epidermidiswith a VCM MIC of 1 μg/mL was used. The bacteria were made to adhere to a stainless steel washer and treated with VCM at different times and concentrations. VCM was administered 0, 2, 4, and 8 hours after adhesion. The amount of biofilm formed was evaluated based on the biofilm coverage rates (BCRs) before and after VCM administration, bacterial viability in biofilm was visually observed using the fluorescence staining method, and the viable bacterial count in biofilm was measured. The VCM concentration required to decrease BCR significantly compared with that of VCM-untreated bacteria was 4 μg/mL, even in the 0 hr group. In the 4 and 8 hr groups, VCM could not inhibit biofilm growth even at 1,024 μg/mL. In the 8 hr group, viable bacteria remained in biofilm at a count of 104CFU even at a high VCM concentration (1,024 μg/mL). It was suggested that biofilm-formingStaphylococcus epidermidisexpresses resistance to VCM early after adhesion to a metal surface. Resistance increased over time after adhesion as the biofilm formed, and strong resistance was expressed 4–8 hours after adhesion.

scholarly journals Effect of biofertilizers on soil microbial count, nutrient availability and uptake under november sown onion

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Dilpreet Talwar ◽  
Kulbir Singh ◽  
Jagdish Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Impact

Biofertilizers improves the soil microbial content, Soil nutrient status and nutrient uptake by plant. In an experiment, fifteen treatments comprised of various combinations of biofertilizers, organic manures and chemical fertilizers were compared to access the impact of different sources of nutrient on performance of onion. The highest soil organic carbon (0.40%) was observed in the treatments T12 (Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 20 t/ha) and T11 (FYM myctes count (29.9 X 104) was recorded in T11 (FYM @ 20 t/ha + Azotobacter + VAM) treatment while highest fungal @ 20 t/ha + Azotobacter + Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (VAM)). Highest bacterial (24.5 X 106) and actino-count (17.5 X 103) was observed in T3 (Azospirillium+ Recommended dose of NPK) treatment. At the time of harvesting, available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) were higher in treatment T3 (Azospirillium + Recommended dose of NPK), T9 (Azotobacter+ VAM + Recommended dose of NPK) and T13 (Poultry treatment (162.6 Kg ha-1) as compared to all other treatments except T1 and T9 treatments while P uptake (13.6 Kg ha-Manure @ 5t/ha) treatments respectively than that in other treatments. Azospirillum and Azotobacter application along with recommended dose of N, P and K improved the fertility status of soil. The N uptake was significantly higher in T3 treatments. The present study highlights the need of use of biofertilizers along with organic and inorganic 1) was significantly higher in T9 treatment than that in other treatments except T1, T3, T5 and T7 treatments. The K uptake was significantly higher in T3 treatment (126.9 Kg ha-1) as compare to all other treatments except T1 and T9 manures/fertilizer to enhance the nutrient availability and improve soil health.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of microbial enzyme activity with compost and sewage sludge amendment

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Hargopal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

Changes in soil microbial activities were investigated to examine the effect of aerobically digested sewage sludge (SS) and compared with compost under incubation conditions over 63 days. Sandy soil was amended with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % w/w of compost and sewage sludge. Enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, phytase and urease) were examined at an interval of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 63 days. At the end of the experiment the change in organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus was also recorded.Results indicated that enzyme activities were substantially enhanced in presence of both amendments for first few days and the higher increases were measured at 1.5% of compost and sewage sludge amendment. Then an overall decrease in enzyme activity was recorded. Both the amendments also significantly increased the organic carbon, nitrogen and potassium of the soil while increase in available phosphorus was only recorded in treatment receiving compost. The present experiment indicated that addition of compost and sewage sludge have positive effect on soil microbial activity and can be safely used as soil amendment without having any adverse effect. Though, a previous examination of sewage sludge to be used must be made for heavy metals and pathogens.

scholarly journals Impact of a disinfecting technique on microbial contamination of computer keyboards and telephone handsets

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Messina ◽  
Emma Ceriale ◽  
Sandra Burgassi ◽  
Carmela Russo ◽  
Chiara Defranceschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Care Associated Infections ◽  
Elastic Compound ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Background: Computers and telephones are ubiquitous in the hospital and have been shown to be contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganism. The aim of the study was to determine microbial contamination on computer keyboards and telephone handsets and the effectiveness of a disinfecting technique (DT). Methods: A matched cross-over study, involving an overall of 50 computer keyboards and 50 telephone handsets, was conducted in three hospitals, located in the Local Health Area of Siena (Italy) before and after the use of an innovative DT consisting of a malleable-elastic compound, containing ethanol, which adheres to surfaces, removes dirt and disinfects. Total bacterial count was evaluated and several types of bacteria and fungi were researched pre- and post- use of the DT. Non parametric tests: Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann Whitney, were used, when appropriate. Results: The DT was effective in disinfecting the objects. In fact, Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) decreased to zero in most comparisons. All the comparisons showed significant differences (p<0.001) after the DT, both for computer keyboards and telephone handsets. The only exception was found for molds in telephones (p=0.062). Keyboards emerged to be dirtier than telephones handsets (p<0.05) for several types of bacteria. Conclusions: The data suggest that microbial contamination of keyboards and telephones is considerable. These objects can be a vehicle for Health Care-Associated Infections HAIs and their disinfection should not be neglected. The DT showed to be appropriate for the disinfecting purpose.

scholarly journals Production of CO2 in crude oil bioremediation in clay soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro José Baptista ◽  
Magali Christe Cammarota ◽  
Denize Dias de Carvalho Freire
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in clay soil a 45-days experiment. The experiment was conducted using an aerobic fixed bed reactor, containing 300g of contaminated soil at room temperature with an air rate of 6 L/h. The growth medium was supplemented with 2.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 0.035% (w/w) KH2PO4. Biodegradation of the crude oil in the contaminated clay soil was monitored by measuring CO2 production and removal of organic matter (OM), oil and grease (OandG), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), measured before and after the 45-days experiment, together with total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial count. The best removals of OM (50%), OandG (37%) and TPH (45%) were obtained in the bioreactors in which the highest CO2 production was achieved.

Preliminary investigations on reducing the high radiation risk level of TENORM scale waste from petroleum industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Attallah ◽  
Moustafa A. Hilal ◽  
Yasser T. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Total Radioactivity ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
Before And After

Abstract The main objective of this study is directed to remove 226Ra, 228Ra radionuclides from TENORM scale waste without seriously degradation the physicochemical characteristics of soils or generating waste. It was found that 82, 87% removal of total radioactivity using successive washing by commercial and TX-100 solutions, respectively, after seven cycles. Some radiation risk before and after treatment with surfactants were determined. It is a promising and efficient as well as economic process. Our results from this task could provide a useful information for defining the establishing and operating on a pilot-scale plant for efficient and economic TENORM treatment.

Microbiological Evaluation of Ready-to-Drink Tigernut Drinks Sold within Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Francis Sopuruchukwu Ire ◽  
Goziem Kim Benneth ◽  
Ndukwe Maduka
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
And Control ◽  
Corynebacterium Sp

Aims: Tigernut drink are made from tigernut tubers (Cyperus esculentus L.) and rich in nutrients. This drink is locally produced and widely consumed in Nigeria irrespective of social status. This study is aimed at evaluating the microbial quality and physicochemical property of tigernut drinks sold within Port Harcourt metropolis. Methodology: Thirty (30) samples of freshly prepared and packaged tigernut drinks were randomly purchased from different vendors in five locations of Port Harcourt metropolis (Agip Estate, Abuja Campus (Uniport), Choba, Mile 1 and Mile 2 Markets). The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological and physicochemical methods. SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) was used to analyze the data. Results: Results obtained showed that the pH of the samples ranged from 4.2 to 4.6 while the total heterotrophic bacterial count ranged from 6. 54-6.74 log10 CFU/mL. Total fungal count of tigernut drinks ranged from 6.0-6.2 log10 CFU/mL. A total of nine (9) bacterial genera namely Staphylococcus sp. (37.3%), Escherichia sp. (21.3%), Salmonella sp. (12%), Pseudomonas sp. (12%), Klebsiella sp. (4%), Bacillus sp. (4%), Micrococcus sp. (4%), Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) were isolated from the samples. Six (6) fungal genera were also encountered in the drink sampled which include Rhizopus sp. (1.4%), Saccharomyces sp. (4.4%), Aspergillus sp. (30.9%), Fusarium sp. (26.5%), Penicillium sp. (30.9%) and Candida sp. (5.9%). The result revealed that Staphylococcus sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (37.3%) followed by E. coli (21.3%), while Enterobacter sp. (2.7%) and Corynebacterium sp. (2.7%) recorded the least. Among the fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. had the highest percentage of occurrence (30.9%) whereas Rhizopus sp. had the least (1.4%). The results of this study revealed that all the samples from the five (5) locations were heavily contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and found not suitable for human consumption based on the standard recommended by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). NAFDAC stipulated that mesophilic aerobic count of locally prepared beverages should be < 5.0 log10 CFU/mL. Conclusion: The huge contamination recorded in all the samples irrespective of the location could be linked to poor hygienic levels during processing. Therefore, good manufacturing practices, public health enlightenment campaign and strict regulations from relevant agencies are recommended to avoid foodborne infections, diseases and possible deaths which could result from consumption of such contaminated tigernut drinks.

Characterization of rhizobia from root nodule and rhizosphere of Vicia faba in Algeria

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benselama Amela ◽  
Tellah Sihem ◽  
Ourem Faiza ◽  
Ounane Sidi Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Poor Growth

Nitrogen fixation resulting from mutual symbiosis of rhizobia and cultivated legume plants is therefore critical to food security as it directly affects agricultural production. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) can be an important factor in sustainable agriculture. A collection of 20 isolates from fresh Nodules of the legume plant Vicia faba was isolated from five soil of Algeria. The soil from each region has undergone physical-chemical analysis : (granulometry, total carbon, organic matter, pH, and electrical conductivity, determination of available phosphorus and determination of total nitrogen). A media viz., Glucose-Peptone Agar (GPA), Congo red, Yeast Mannitol Agar (YMA) containing 2% NaCl were employed to make presumptive decisions on the recognition and classification of the isolated bacterial strains. All the isolates were found with poor absorption of dye Congo red and little or no growth on the media of GPA and without altering the pH. Almost all of the isolates exhibit good growth on 2% NaCl, poor growth on GPA, thus confirming the rhizobia. After biochemical tests like catalase test and citrate utilization test isolates were confirmed. The presence of rhizobia on root nodules of leguminous plant.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Bacterial Hand Contamination During Routine Neonatal Care

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmem Lúcia Pessoa-Silva ◽  
Sasi Dharan ◽  
Stéphane Hugonnet ◽  
Sylvie Touveneau ◽  
Klara Posfay-Barbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Neonatal Care ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Commensal Flora ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Before And After

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the dynamics of bacterial contamination of healthcare workers' (HCWs) hands during neonatal care.Setting:The 20-bed neonatal unit of a large acute care teaching hospital in Geneva, Switzerland.Methods:Structured observation sessions were conducted. A sequence of care began when the HCW performed hand hygiene and ended when the activity changed or hand hygiene was performed again. Alcohol-based handrub was the standard procedure for hand hygiene. An imprint of the five fingertips of the dominant hand was obtained before and after hand hygiene and at the end of a sequence of care. Regression methods were used to model the final bacterial count according to the type and duration of care and the use of gloves.Results:One hundred forty-nine sequences of care were observed. Commensal skin flora comprised 72.4% of all culture-positive specimens (n = 360). Other microorganisms identified were Enterobacteriaceae (n = 55, 13.8%); Staphylococcus aureus (n = 10, 2.5%); and fungi (n = 7,1.8%). Skin contact, respiratory care, and diaper change were independently associated with an increased bacterial count; the use of gloves did not fully protect HCWs' hands from bacterial contamination.Conclusions:These data confirm that hands become progressively contaminated with commensal flora and potential pathogens during neonatal care, and identify activities at higher risk for hand contamination. They also reinforce the need for hand hygiene after a sequence of care, before starting a different task, and after glove removal.

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