Co-infection malaria and HIV/AIDS: Epidemiological and clinical aspects at the Communal Medical Center (CMC) Miniere, Guinea

Objectives: to calculate the frequency of malaria and HIV co-infections, to describe the socio-demographic characteristics, to describe the clinical signs and to plan treatment. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study lasting 09 months from August 01, 2019 to April 31, 2020, conducted at CMC Minière (2nd level reference structure in Guinea). We carried out an exhaustive inventory of cases according to the inclusion and non-inclusion criteria. After applying the selection procedure (inclusion and non-inclusion criteria), we obtained a sample of size N = 68 cases. Results: we recorded 68 seropositive malaria patients out of a total of 1232, i.e. a frequency of 5.52%. The epidemiological profile was that of a person in the age group of 30-34 years (26.47%), Unemployed (47.06%), out of school (54.41%) and single (75%). The reasons for consultation are dominated by fever (69.11%) and physical asthenia (50%). Patients were from their homes (92.65%). The type of malaria was severe associated with HIV1 infection (55.88%). The majority of patients had an average parasite density (10,000-50000) or 54.41% and 22.06% had a CD4 count between 200-499 cells / mm3. The antimalarial and antiretroviral treatment consisted respectively of the administration of quinine 65% and AZT + 3TC + EFV or 54.41%. N.B: AZT = Zidovudine; 3TC = Lamivudine; EFV = Efavirenz; d4T = Stavudine Conclusion: Malaria contributes to an increase in the viral load in adults with positive retroviral serology, due to the lymphopenia caused during febrile attacks. This finding suggests an emphasis on malaria in people infected with HIV.

Download Full-text

Urinary Incontinence in Juvenile Female Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers: Hospital Prevalence and Anatomic Urogenital Anomalies

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association ◽

10.5326/jaaha-ms-6220 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jason Callard ◽

Mary A. McLoughlin ◽

Julie K. Byron ◽

Dennis J. Chew

Keyword(s):

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Medical Center ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Ohio State University ◽

State University ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Related Disorder ◽

Juvenile Female ◽

The Ohio State University ◽

Ectopic Ureters

Urinary incontinence in juvenile female dogs is often associated with urogenital anatomic anomalies. Study objectives include: (1) determine hospital prevalence of urinary incontinence in juvenile female soft-coated wheaten terriers (SCWTs) compared to other affected dogs; (2) characterize anatomic anomalies affecting urinary incontinent juvenile female SCWTs utilizing uroendoscopy; and (3) compare incidence of ectopic ureters, paramesonephric remnants, and short urethras in juvenile female urinary incontinent SCWTs to other juvenile female dogs with urinary incontinence. We hypothesize juvenile SCWTs have an increased prevalence of urinary incontinence and an increased incidence of ectopic ureters, paramesonephric remnants, and short urethras compared to non-SCWTs with urinary incontinence within our hospital population. Medical records of female dogs 6 mo of age and younger with clinical signs of urinary incontinence and video uroendoscopic evaluation presenting to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center from January 2000 to December 2011 were reviewed. Twelve juvenile SCWTs and 107 juvenile non-SCWTs met the inclusion criteria. Juvenile SCWTs were found to have an increased hospital prevalence of urinary incontinence compared to other affected breeds. Observed anomalies in SCWTs include: ectopic ureters, shortened urethras, paramesonephric remnants, and bifid vaginas. This information will help guide veterinarians in recognizing a breed-related disorder of the lower urogenital tract in SCWTs.

Download Full-text

Clinical and epidemiological profile of neurocysticercosis in children

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20204548 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 2210

Author(s):

Preeti Lata Rai ◽

Gunjan Kochar ◽

P. L. Prasad

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Age Groups ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Age Group ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Unprovoked Seizure ◽

Focal Neurological Deficit ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

High Index Of Suspicion

Background: This study was done to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of neurocysticercosis in children of Rohilkhand region.Methods: The study was carried out in the Paediatric Department (Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and General Ward) of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh. It was a prospective clinical observational study. After IEC approval and written informed consent, all children between the age group of one month to sixteen years, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, that is, presented with unprovoked seizure and had evidence of active and ring enhancing lesion or mixed lesion on CT Scan/MRI of brain were enrolled in the study. Detailed history and clinical examination were carried out. Seizures due to any other CNS pathology were excluded. Simple tests for measures of dispersion were the statistical tests that were used.Results: Statistically forty children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of the total children enrolled in the study, 63% were males. Male to female ratio was 1.7. Almost three fourths of the population belonged to rural backgrounds. The mean age of studied children was 10.5 years. More than half of the affected children belonged to the school going age group. Generalised tonic clonic seizures were more common in all age groups than partial seizures. Headache (52.6%), loss of consciousness (42.1%), vomiting (31.5%) and focal neurological deficit (15.7%) were the most common presenting complaints in order of decreasing frequency.Conclusions: There should be a high index of suspicion of NCC in any child presenting with unprovoked seizures.

Download Full-text

Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Renais Crônicos em Tratamento Conservador em um Hospital Escola do Sul de Minas/ Epidemiological Profile of Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Conservative Treatment in a Hospital in Southern School of Minas

REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE ◽

10.21876/rcsfmit.v4i4.268 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 49-60

Author(s):

Camila Dorilêo Negretti ◽

Pablo Girardeli Mendonça Mesquita ◽

Nilo César do Vale Baracho

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Conservative Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Control Programs ◽

Keywords Epidemiology ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

Grade Iii

Objetivo: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica em tratamento conservador no ambulatório do Hospital Escola de Itajubá. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, de abordagem quantitativa. Realizado com 171 pacientes atendidos em tratamento conservador no ambulatório de nefrologia no período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2013. A coleta objetivou caracterizar idade, sexo, raça, estado civil e procedência. Também foram avaliados dados do primeiro atendimento como: valores de ureia e creatinina, o grau de DRC, a etiologia e o número de retorno. Resultados: Dos doentes renais crônicos avaliados, 50,3% eram do sexo masculino, 88% da raça branca, 54,4% casados e a maioria (70,8%) possuía faixa etária prevalente >60 anos. A maioria dos atendidos, 98,5% pertence a microrregião de referência. Quanto a dados de primeira consulta, o diabetes mellitus foi a principal etiologia (38%). Os valores de ureia e creatinina acima da referência preconizada foi observado na maioria dos pacientes e o grau III de DRC em 31% dos casos. O número médio de retornos após a primeira consulta foi de três retornos em 25,13% dos pacientes. Conclusão: A pesquisa permitiu o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de DRC em tratamento conservador. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de implementação de políticas voltadas para promoção e prevenção à saúde com divulgação de mais programas de controle para minimizar o surgimento de novos casos da DRC. Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia. Doença Renal Crônica. Tratamento. ABSTRACT.Objective: Determine the epidemiological profile of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on conservative treatment at the Hospital Escola de Itajubá. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study of quantitative approach. It was conducted with 171 patients who were treated in conservative treatment at the nephrology clinic from January 2012 to December 2013. The collection aimed to characterize age, sex, race, marital status and origin. We also evaluated data from the first service as: urea and creatinine values, the degree of CKD the etiology and the number of return. Results: Among the chronic renal patients evaluated, 50.3% were male, 88% Caucasian, 54.4% were married and the majority (70.8%) was the most prevalent age group> 60 years. Most of the patients 98.5% belong to micro region of reference. As the first appointment data, diabetes mellitus was the major cause (38%). The urea and creatinine values above the recommended reference was observed in the majority of patients and the DRC grade III in 31% of cases. The average number of returns after the fisrt visit was three return in 25.13% of patients. Conclusion: The research gave us the knowledge of the epidemiological profile of patients with CKD on dialysis. The findings reinforce the need to implement policies for health promotion and prevention with more disclosure of control programs to minimize the appearance of new cases of CKD. Keywords: Epidemiology. Chronic Kidney Disease.Treatment.

Download Full-text

Performance of case definitions and clinical predictors for influenza surveillance among patients followed in a rural cohort in Senegal

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05724-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mamadou Aliou Barry ◽

Florent Arinal ◽

Cheikh Talla ◽

Boris Gildas Hedible ◽

Fatoumata Diene Sarr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Age Group ◽

Case Definitions

Abstract Background Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. However, a lack of epidemiological data remains for this pathology, and the performances of the influenza-like illness (ILI) case definitions used for sentinel surveillance have never been evaluated in Senegal. This study aimed to i) assess the performance of three different ILI case definitions, adopted by the WHO, USA-CDC (CDC) and European-CDC (ECDC) and ii) identify clinical factors associated with a positive diagnosis for Influenza in order to develop an algorithm fitted for the Senegalese context. Methods All 657 patients with a febrile pathological episode (FPE) between January 2013 and December 2016 were followed in a cohort study in two rural villages in Senegal, accounting for 1653 FPE observations with nasopharyngeal sampling and influenza virus screening by rRT-PCR. For each FPE, general characteristics and clinical signs presented by patients were collected. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for the three ILI case definitions were assessed using PCR result as the reference test. Associations between clinical signs and influenza infection were analyzed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Sore throat, arthralgia or myalgia were missing for children under 5 years. Results WHO, CDC and ECDC case definitions had similar sensitivity (81.0%; 95%CI: 77.0–85.0) and NPV (91.0%; 95%CI: 89.0–93.1) while the WHO and CDC ILI case definitions had the highest specificity (52.0%; 95%CI: 49.1–54.5) and PPV (32.0%; 95%CI: 30.0–35.0). These performances varied by age groups. In children < 5 years, the significant predictors of influenza virus infection were cough and nasal discharge. In patients from 5 years, cough, nasal discharge, sore throat and asthenia grade 3 best predicted influenza infection. The addition of “nasal discharge” as a symptom to the WHO case definition decreased sensitivity but increased specificity, particularly in the pediatric population. Conclusion In summary, all three definitions studies (WHO, ECDC & CDC) have similar performance, even by age group. The revised WHO ILI definition could be chosen for surveillance purposes for its simplicity. Symptomatic predictors of influenza virus infection vary according the age group.

Download Full-text

Portland Cement Use in Dental Root Perforations: A Long Term Followup

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2014/637693 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Álvaro Henrique Borges ◽

Matheus Coelho Bandeca ◽

Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽

Luis Augusto Faitaroni ◽

Elibel Reginna de Siqueira Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Root Canal ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Iatrogenic Perforation ◽

Root Canals ◽

First Case ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Root canal and furcal perforations are causes of endodontic therapy failure and different materials that stimulate tissue mineralization have been proposed for perforation treatment. In the first case, a patient presented tooth 46 with unsatisfactory endodontic treatment and a periapical radiographic lesion. A radiolucent area compatible with a perforating internal resorption cavity was found in the mesial root. The granulation tissue was removed, and root canals were prepared. The intracanal medication was composed of calcium hydroxide and the perforation cavity was filled with Portland cement. The 11-year followup showed radiographic repair of the tissue adjacent to the perforation and absence of clinical signs and symptoms or periapical lesion. In the second case, a patient presented with edema on the buccal surface of tooth 46. The examination showed a radiolucent area in the furcation region compatible with an iatrogenic perforation cavity. The mesial root canals were calcified, and only the distal root canal was prepared. The cavity was filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste and the distal root canal was obturated. In sequence, the perforation cavity was filled with Portland cement. The 9-year followup showed the tooth in masticatory function with radiographic and clinical aspects compatible with normality.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of poultry diseases in Gazipur district of Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v2i1.27575 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 107-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Kamrul Hassan ◽

Md Humayun Kabir ◽

Md Abdullah Al Hasan ◽

Shobnom Sultana ◽

Md Shohidul Islam Khokon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Newcastle Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Viral Diseases ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Age Group ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Infectious Bronchitis ◽

Prevalent Disease ◽

Bursal Disease

This study was designed with a view to investigate the prevalence of poultry diseases in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. A total of 679 poultry birds (313 layers, 338 broilers and 28 cockrels) either dead or live were brought for diagnosis of diseases at Gazipur Sadar Upazilla Veterinary Hospital. The diseases were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs and post-mortem findings. The diseases encountered in layers were bacterial diseases 52.29% (salmonellosis 38.56%, colibacillosis 6.7%, fowl cholera 4.79% and necrotic enteritis 1.60%), viral diseases 23.95% (avian influenza 2.56%, Newcastle disease 16.61%, infectious bronchitis 3.19% and avian leucosis 0.64%), mycoplasmal disease (mycoplasmosis 14.70%) and protozoal disease (coccidiosis 5.75%). Salmonellosis was most prevalent disease in age group of >20 weeks, while Newcastle disease most common in 8 to 20 weeks of age group. In case of broiler, bacterial diseases 28.99% (salmonellosis 21.30% and colibacillosis 7.69%), viral diseases 53.24% (infectious bursal disease 28.99%, Newcastle disease 8.87% and infectious bronchitis 15.38%), mycoplasmal disease (mycoplasmosis 7.1%) and protozoal disease (coccidiosis 6.5%). In cockrels, the most prevalent disease was colibacillosis 35.71% followed by salmonellosis 28.57%, Newcastle disease 14.28% and mycoplasmosis14.28%. So among the diseases, salmonellosis is most prevalent disease followed by infectious bursal disease and mycoplasmosis in different kinds of poultry of Gazipur district of Bangladesh.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 107-112

Download Full-text

Epidemiological Profile of COVID-19 in Brazil and Worldwide

Asian Journal of Pharmacy Nursing and Medical Sciences ◽

10.24203/ajpnms.v9i2.6561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Carla De Freitas ◽

Gabriela Calanca ◽

Elias Jirjoss Ilias ◽

Arthur Sousa Bezerra

Keyword(s):

High Capacity ◽

Adaptive Immune Response ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Age Group ◽

Health It ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Fourth Decade ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus or SARSCoV-2, has a high capacity for dissemination, which brings about an emergency scenario in public health. It manifests itself in a multifaceted manner, with a great variability in the profile of the affected population, which may be associated with biological, social and economic factors. Objective: To know the epidemiological profile of the population affected by COVID-19, in order to promote better assistance. Methods: This is a literature review, starting in 2020, using the SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, DATASUS databases and the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Results: Studies show a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in men, in the age group after the fourth decade of life and among whites. Discussion: The first studies showed a prevalence of coronavirus infection in males. One of the hypotheses drawn was that men present more cardiopulmonary diseases and smoke more. Another study shows that women's lower susceptibility to infection is due to the X chromosome and sex hormones, which are essential for the innate and adaptive immune response. As for the age group, most studies show a higher prevalence after the fourth decade of life, due to increased expression of angiotensin 2 receptors (ACE2), hormonal changes in aging and associated comorbidities. Conclusion: Studies show with greater assertiveness a predominance of involvement by COVID-19 in males, individuals from the fourth decade of life and in whites. However, it is important to investigate the epidemiological profile in order to offer better assistance and prevention.

Download Full-text

Genetic Examination of Children Suffering from Cystic Fibrosis

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2005.3338 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 69-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ediba Saračević ◽

Amira Redžić

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Medical Center ◽

Membrane Conductance ◽

Sweat Glands ◽

Age Group ◽

Genetic Examination ◽

Cftr Protein ◽

Group 3 ◽

Pcr Method

CFTR protein (cystic fibrosis trans membrane conductance regulator) is expressed in multiple epithelial tissues, including upper and lower respiratory tracts, pancreas, sweat glands and gastrointestinal tract. More than 800 mutations and 100 polymorphic variants of DNA sequences were identified in patients with CF (Cystic fibrosis) and CFTR- diseases. In this study, genetic CFTR analysis of the children suffering from chronic lung disease (cystic fibrosis) is presented. They are treated and regularly controlled at the Pediatric hospital Sarajevo. CFTR analysis was done in 9 cases, 4 boys (44.4%) and 5 girls (55.55%). There are 3 children (33.3%) in the age group 1 to 3 years, 1 child (11.1%) in the age group 3 to 6 years, 3 children (33.3%) in the age group 6 to 9 years and 2 children (22.2%) in the age group 9 to 12 years. Genetic analysis was conducted at the Medical center for molecular biology School of Medicine, Ljubljana. PCR method with PAGE and direct sequestration on ABI PRISM 31 was applied. The majority of children (7 children, i.e. 7777%) had CFTR mutation Δ F 508 whilst one child had G542X mutation and one child R1174 mutation. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the need for CFTR gene identification in the institutes of our country.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of oral habits in children

Revista Brasileira de Odontologia ◽

10.18363/rbo.v74n4.p.272 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 272

Author(s):

Pedro Diniz Rebouças Rebouças ◽

Levy Sombra de Oliveira ◽

Henrique Matos Costa Lima ◽

Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues ◽

Regina Glaucia Lucena Aguiar Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Descriptive Study ◽

First Year ◽

Age Group ◽

Absolute Frequency ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Quantitative Descriptive ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Objective: this quantitative descriptive study aimed to evaluate the presence of deleterious oral habits and associated factors in children attending the Amadeu Barros Leal day care in Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 75 children (51% of girls) aged 0 to 5 years. Data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire to the parents or guardians and analyzed statistically with Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test, considering a 95% confidence interval. The results were expressed as absolute frequency and percentage. Results: 89% of the children participating in the study were breastfed, and 43.5% of them were breastfed at least until the first year of age. As much as 19% of the children slept with their mouths open and 39% used a pacifier, 56.7% of which used it constantly during the day and at night. About 91% of children used a feeding bottle, and most of bottles (79%) did not have an orthodontic nipple. In addition, 60% of children aged 24-36 months had the deleterious habit of grinding their teeth. Conclusion: in the present study, we investigated children from 0 to 5 years old and observed that this age group is predisposed to deleterious oral habits. In this way, more studies that trace a safe epidemiological profile aiming to reduce these harmful habits are extremely necessary.

Download Full-text

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PERIORBITAL HYPERMELANOSIS

10.36106/ijsr/3523105 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Sonal Khade Ahuja ◽

Ashish Deshmukh ◽

Sanmitra Aiholli ◽

Omkar Kulkarni

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Medical Center ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Age Group ◽

Single Patient ◽

Psychosocial Consequences ◽

History Of ◽

Grade 3 ◽

Almost All ◽

Sleeping Habits

Background: Periorbital hypermelanosis also called dark circles form the major percentage of dermatology consultations. Importance of these disorders is growing as they cause easy visible cosmetic disfigurement and significant psychosocial consequences. Aims: To assess the patients of POH disorders for demographic, etiological and clinical profile. Methods: This prospective hospital-based clinical study, conducted in a tertiary medical center over a period of two years, involved 200 patients with POH disorders, assessed using detailed history taking and clinical examination for demographic, etiological and clinical data. Data is statistically described in frequencies (number of cases) and percentages(%) . Results: Majority of patients were in age group 18-40 years. Females dominated the study with a number of 169 (84.5%) , only 31 (15.5%) were males. Most of the patients belonged to Grade 2 (53%), grade 3 was seen in 27% patients followed by grade 1 (16.5% ) and grade 4 (3.5% ) POH. Family history was positive in 81.5% patients. POH was observed mostly in housewives 93 (46.5%) and patients with indoor occupation 69 (34.5%) and less commonly in patients with outdoor occupation 29 (14.5%). Almost all cases of POH gave history of exacerbation following sun exposure. Not a single patient showed hepatic, renal complaints, hypothyroidism or ecchymosis. Majority of patients (86.5%) had altered Sleeping habits. Alcohol and smoking did not have a significant co-relation with POH. It was found that only five percent females on oral contraceptives developed POH and there was no change in Pigmentation of POH in relation to menstrual cycle in any of the females. Limitations: The quantitative assessment of melanin by specialized instrument ( mexameter) could not be done because of lack of resources.

Download Full-text