Vitamin C, A, E, B2 and β-carotene status of patients with gastrointestinal diseases

Deficiency of vitamins is a risk factor for the development of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and, on the contrary, diseases serve as the cause of the deficiency of these micronutrients. Data on the actual vitamin status of gastrointestinal patients are necessary to develop measures for its improvement.Material and methods. The blood serum level of vitamins C, A, E, B2 and β-carotene in 29 patients (10 men and 19 women) 22–80 years old with gastrointestinal diseases has been determined. The first group consisted of 14 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The second group included patients with gastrointestinal diseases of various etiologies.Results. There was no significant difference in vitamins C, A, E, B2 and β-carotene sufficiency in patients with IBS and those with other gastrointestinal diseases. The characteristic features of the vitamin status of patients in both groups were the absence of individuals optimally provided with all vitamins, and a rather high frequency of occurrence (27.6%) of multiple deficiency of 3 vitamins and β-carotene. When the evaluation using 3 indicators at the same time (absolute concentration of vitamins C, E and their molar ratio) was carried out, only two patients in each group were optimally provided with vitamins C and E, and only three of them were optimally provided with β-carotene. Four patients in each group were adequately provided with all the vitamins studied. A combined deficiency of 3 micronutrients (any two vitamins and β-carotene) was found in two patients; combined deficiency of two vitamins or one vitamin and β-carotene was noted in 24.1% of the examined.Conclusion. A purposeful development of vitamin complexes with effective doses for gastrointestinal patients is necessary.

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Vitamin status of patients with certain chronic non-communicable diseases

Clinical nutrition and metabolism ◽

10.17816/clinutr50303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 105-116

Author(s):

Khaider Kh. Sharafetdinov ◽

Vera M. Kodentsova ◽

Oksana A. Vrzhesinskaya ◽

Olga V. Kosheleva ◽

Nina A. Beketova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Significant Proportion ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Vitamin Deficiency ◽

Non Communicable Diseases ◽

Vitamin Status ◽

Single Person ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Effective Doses

Background. Inadequate supply with vitamins is a risk factor for the development of many nutritionally-related diseases and their progression. Data on the actual vitamin status of patients are necessary to develop measures for its improvement. Aim. To characterize the supply of persons with non-communicable diseases with vitamins A, E, C, B2 and -carotene by determining their level in the blood of patients. Material and methods. The blood serum level of vitamins C, A, E, B2 and -carotene in 138 patients (41 men and 97 women) 2280 years old with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, gastrointestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), osteoarthrosis has been determined. Results. Vitamin C concentration corresponded to adequate status in approximately 2/3 of the examined patients; among patients with T2DM, such sufficiency occurred 1.61.9 fold less often than in other groups. The frequency of reduced levels of vitamins C, A and E was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The -/-tocopherol ratio in the serum of patients in all groups was close to 1:50, while in patients with gastrointestinal diseases reached 1:60.7. The proportion of patients sufficiently supplied with all studied vitamins ranged from 15.8 to 70.0%. Patients with osteoarthrosis were best of all provided with all vitamins: multiple (3 or more vitamins) vitamin deficiency was not found. In other groups of patients, multiple vitamin deficiency occurred in 5.327.6% of the examined (an average of 16.4%). Among patients with gastrointestinal diseases there was not a single person sufficiently provided with all the studied vitamins. Multiple vitamin deficiency in patients with gastrointestinal diseases was detected more often (p 0.01) compared with patients with T2DM and osteoarthrosis. Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, it is possible to extrapolate that a significant proportion of patients with a combined deficiency of 2 vitamins (6.931.6% in the samples examined) will move into the category of persons with a simultaneous deficiency of 3 vitamins. Conclusion. The purposeful development of supplements containing effective doses of vitamins for various nosologies is necessary.

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Effects of Diet Based on IgG Elimination Combined with Probiotics on Migraine Plus Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2019/7890461 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yangzhi Xie ◽

Guijuan Zhou ◽

Yan Xu ◽

Bing He ◽

Yilin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Elimination Diet ◽

Serotonin Level ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gut Function ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Serum Serotonin

Several research studies have revealed that migraine has a solid link with gastrointestinal diseases especially irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study was carried out to investigate therapeutic potential of diet based on IgG elimination combined with probiotics on migraine plus irritable bowel syndrome. A total of 60 patients diagnosed with migraine plus IBS were recruited for the study. IgG antibodies against 266 food varieties were detected by ELISA. Then, the subjects were randomized into three groups for treatment of IgG elimination diet or probiotics or diet combined with probiotics. Migraine symptom, gut function score, medication use, and serum serotonin level were measured at baseline, 7 weeks, and 14 weeks. Improvement of migraine and gut symptom was achieved at a certain time point. Reduced use of over-the-counter- (OTC−) analgesics was seen in all groups. However, use of triptans did not show significant difference. An increased serum serotonin level was seen in subjects treated with elimination diet and elimination diet combined with probiotics. IgG elimination diet combined with probiotics may be beneficial to migraine plus IBS. It may provide new insight by understanding the intricate relationship between migraine and gastrointestinal diseases.

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Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/1059-0889.0104.52 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 52-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gail L. MacLean ◽

Andrew Stuart ◽

Robert Stenstrom

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Sound Pressure ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Test System ◽

Output Frequency ◽

Frequency Effects ◽

Adult Men ◽

Frequency Responses ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

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Serum Retinol and β-carotene Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Morbid Obesity

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000018 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 159-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽

Gisele Gonçalves de Souza ◽

Andréa Cardoso de Matos ◽

Dra. Wilza Abrantes Peres ◽

Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Serum Levels ◽

World Health ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Serum Retinol ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Β Carotene

Objective: To evaluate retinol and β-carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity, resident in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Lipid profile, insulin resistance, basal insulin, glycemia, blood pressure, and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β-carotene serum levels were evaluated. Results: Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0% of the sample. Within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased. Serum retinol didn't show this behavior. Serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (61.3%), according to WHO criterion, was higher (15.8%) than when the whole sample was considered (12.7%). When metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by NCEP criterion, β-carotene inadequacy was higher (42.8%) when compared to the total sample (37.5%). There was a significant difference between average β-carotene values of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.048) according to the classification of the NCEP. Lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the vitamin A contribution in antioxidant protection, especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, it is suggested that great attention be given to morbidly obese. This could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which affects a significant part of the population.

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Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2013.29547 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 154 (8) ◽

pp. 294-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

György Miklós Buzás

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Well Being ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Probiotic Treatment ◽

History Of ◽

Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

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Blastocystis sp. Carriage and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Is the Association Already Established?

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10040340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 340

Author(s):

Fernando Salvador ◽

Beatriz Lobo ◽

Lidia Goterris ◽

Carmen Alonso-Cotoner ◽

Javier Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Microscopic Examination ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Blastocystis Sp ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Asymptomatic Subjects

Background: The aim of the present study is to describe the occurrence of Blastocystis sp. detection among asymptomatic subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome in order to evaluate the potential association between irritable bowel syndrome and the parasitic infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study where adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria were included. A control group was formed by asymptomatic subjects older than 18 years. Exclusion criteria were: immunosuppressive condition or having received any drug with demonstrated activity against Blastocystis sp. within the last 6 months before study inclusion. Epidemiological and clinical information was collected from all included participants. Two stool samples were obtained from all participants: one sample for microscopic examination and one sample for Blastocystis sp. PCR detection. Blastocystis sp. infection was defined by the positivity of any of the diagnostic techniques. Results: Seventy-two participants were included (36 asymptomatic subjects and 36 patients with irritable bowel syndrome). Thirty-five (48.6%) were men, and median age of participants was 34 (IQR 29–49) years. The overall rate of Blastocystis sp. carriage was 27.8% (20/72). The prevalence assessed through microscopic examination was 22.2% (16/72), while the prevalence measured by PCR was 15.3% (11/72). When comparing the presence of Blastocystis sp. between asymptomatic subjects and IBS patients, we did not find any statistically significant difference (36.1% vs. 19.4% respectively, p = 0.114). Conclusions: regarding the occurrence of Blastocystis sp., no differences were found between asymptomatic participants and patients with irritable bowel disease irrespective of the diagnostic technique performed.

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Vonoprozan: potentially new first-line treatment for delayed upper gastrointestinal bleeds following endoscopic procedures? A letter to the editor

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.4136 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 2838-2838

Author(s):

Muhammad Umer ◽

Syed Wasif Bukhari

Keyword(s):

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

High Dose ◽

First Line ◽

Gastroesophageal Varices ◽

Delayed Bleeding ◽

Submucosal Dissection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

H Pylori ◽

Line Of Therapy

Endoscopy nowadays is widely used as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for various gastrointestinal diseases due to it being less invasive and safer. However, amongst some adverse events is delayed bleeding. The definition of delayed bleeding requires endoscopic hemostasis and/or blood transfusion after at least two days of treatment. (1) Oesophageal cancer is comparatively more common in Pakistan, being 7th most common malignancy in men and 6th most common in women in Karachi. (2) Oesophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (E-ESD) employed in the treatment of the above- mentioned cancer has an incidence of delayed bleeding of about 1.3-6.7%. (1) The prevalence of gastric cancer across Pakistan was about 2-18% (3), for which endoscopic submucosal dissection is often used has an incidence of delayed bleeding of 4.7-15.6%. (1) Endoscopic therapy for gastroesophageal varices can also result in delayed bleeding, the incidence of which easily reaches up to 10%. (1) In a retrospective cohort study of 124,422 patients conducted in Japan, it was found that vonoprazan was more effective in reducing the risk of delayed bleeding compared to omeprazole. (OR= 0.75) (1) Vonoprazan works by competitively inhibiting the potassium-acid channel resulting in strong and sustained acid inhibition. (4) It was also found to have a superior effect in the eradication of H Pylori and an equal effect in acid-related disorders. (5) In the retrospective study mentioned above, it is also worth noting that the efficacy of vonoprazan was variable with respect to procedures and was most prominent with gastroduodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (OR=0.70). (1) Other procedures did not elicit any significant difference. In addition, standard/high dose vonoprazan proved to be most efficacious in reducing the risk of delayed bleeding compared with standard/high-dose PPI and low-dose vonoprazan. It was also observed that patients taking anti-thrombotic medications at a higher risk of delayed bleeding also benefited from high-dose vonoprazan. (OR=0.74) (1) The findings above compel the conclusion that high dose vonoprazan should be ideal for reducing the risk of delayed bleeding in patients who have undergone gastroduodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection and/or are on anti-thrombotics. Though high-dose vonoprazan does look promising, it is imperative that more randomized controlled trials on more diverse populations be conducted to further explore its efficacy and safety as the drug might be a potential first line of therapy.

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Irritable bowel syndrome and transplantation of fecal microbiota. Review

Modern Gastroenterology ◽

10.30978/mg-2021-4-45 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G. D. Fadieienko ◽

O. Y. Gridnyev

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Global Improvement ◽

Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Irritable Bowel

Objective — to perform analysis of the literature data as regards the efficacy of the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Materials and methods. The systematic review of the literature (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library) has been performed to assess the results of investigation on the use of FMT in adult IBS patients. Results. Currently, FMT is a safe and highly successful method of treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and possibility to use FMT in the treatment of other diseases is under investigation. The results of FMT treatment of patients with IBS are contradictory. A number of authors outline fairly high FMT efficacy when used for the treatment of patients with IBS, refractory to the standard methods: it varies from 36 % to 70 % with a duration of adequate symptoms’ relief up to 1 year. However, other authors indicate that the positive FMT clinical effect lasted from 8 weeks to 3 months, after which there was a gradual recovery of symptoms. At the same time, the researchers noted that mostly often the positive outcome was reached after FMT from donors with a higher number of streptococci in the feces. Still others point out that there was no sustained, at least 50‑point reduction in the severity of IBS symptoms from baseline. Some authors did not reveal the advantages of FMT over placebo control and even reported about the higher placebo efficacy. After data generalization no significant difference was revealed in the global improvement in IBS symptoms in patients receiving donor FM versus placebo. However, the attention is drawn to the relationship between the results of FMT with methodology. Indeed, several studies have shown that placebo capsules were more effective than capsules containing donor feces, whereas FMT from donor stool delivered by colonoscopy was superior to FMF from autologous stool. This may be due to the excipients, containing in the capsulated FMT. A number of researchers also indicated that the use of a super donor is necessary for successful FMT and that the response to FMT is dose dependent. Conclusions. To resolve the issue of the expediency of using FMT in routine clinical practice in patients with IBS, more qualitative controlled studies, involving large cohorts of IBS patients and long‑term follow‑up, are required.

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Evaluation of neurodevelopment of preterm infants using Bayley III scale

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/s1519-38292015000100004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fernanda Veiga de Góes ◽

Maria Dalva B. B. Méio ◽

Rosane Reis de Mello ◽

Denise Morsch

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infants ◽

Motor Development ◽

High Frequency ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: to assess cognitive, motor, and language development in preterm infants, and perinatal, neonatal and socioeconomic factors associated with abnormal development. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 104 preterm infants (gestational ages < 33 weeks) (17 - 30 months corrected ages) using the Bayley III Scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed and prevalence ratios calculated. Results: the average language score (81.9) was low, while cognitive (93.7) and motor (91.1) scores were within normal values. There were deficiencies in receptive but not in expressive language. Male sex (OR 2.55 CI 1.01-6.44) and neonatal pneumonia (OR 33.85 CI 3.3-337.8) were associated with abnormal language scores. No factor was associated with abnormal cognitive scores; male gender indicated an increased risk of abnormal motor scores. The lack of a father was a risk factor for impaired motor development (PR: 2.96, CI: 5.6 - 1.55). There was no statistically significant difference in the development of small and appropriate for gestational age children. Conclusions: the Bayley III Scale was useful for assessing language and cognition separately, discriminating between receptive and expressive language. There was a high frequency of language deficiencies, especially in receptive language. Although motor and cognitive average scores were within the normal range, there was a high frequency of children with delayed development in these areas, especially motor development.

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Selenium and functional constipation in children

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi56.2.2016.111-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Marlina Tanjung ◽

Supriatmo Supriatmo ◽

Melda Deliana ◽

Ade Rachmat Yudiyanto ◽

Atan Baas Sinuhaji

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Side Effects ◽

Functional Constipation ◽

Causative Factor ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Stool Consistency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Selenium Treatment

Background Constipation is a common problem in children, with approximately 90 to 95% of constipation cases having functional constipation. Oxidative stress may be a causative factor in gastrointestinal diseases, alleved by intervention with antioxidants. Selenium is an essential trace element and acts as a cofactor of gluthathione peroxidase, which protects membranes from oxidative damage.Objective To determine the effect of selenium on functional constipation in children.Methods We conducted a single-blind, randomized clinical trial from November to December 2012 at the Al-Kautsar Al-Akbar Islamic Boarding School in Medan, North Sumatra. Subjects were children aged 12 to 17 years with functional constipation, diagnosed according to the ROME III criteria. Patients were randomly allocated into either the selenium group (n=57) or the placebo group (n=57). Subjects were clinically evaluated for frequency of defecation, stool consistency, severity of abdominal pain, and side effects during the 2 weeks of treatment (days 7 and 14) and 1 week after treatment had stopped (day 21).Results A total of 114 subjects were eligible to participate. The average frequency of defecation observed on day 14 was 1.5 (SD 0.75) days per defecation (P=0.0001) in the selenium group and 2.4 (0.84) days per defecation in the placebo group, a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001). There was no significant difference in frequency of defecation on the 7th day of treatment. But after day 7, there were significant differences between the groups at days 14 and 21. Normal stool consistency was found in 45 subjects (78.9%) on day 7 and in 57 subjects (100%) on day 14 of treatment in the selenium group, significantly more than those in the placebo group (P<0.05). In placebo group, normal stool consistency was found in 27 subject (47.4%) with (P=0.001) on day 7 and in 38 subject (66.7%) on day 14 of treatment (P=0.0001). On day 14, the selenium group had significantly more subjects without pain than the placebo group [47 subjects (82.5%) vs. 10 subjects (17.5%), respectively (P=0.0001)]. Severity of abdominal pain after 14th day of treatment is without pain 47 subject (82.5%) and mild pain 10 subject (17.5%) (P=0.0001). We found no side effects of selenium treatment in our subjects.Conclusion Selenium is effective in improving clinically functional constipation, in terms of increased frequency of defecation, normalization of stool consistency, and less severe abdominal pain.

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