scholarly journals The typology of rubies and their industrial significance

2022 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
N.G. Barnov ◽  
V.V. Shchiptsov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

Information on the International Genetic Classification of Noble Corundum is given. The scheme of location of the main deposits and occurrences of ruby-bearing complexes of the world is attached: 1 – magmatic; 2 – metamorphogenic; 3 – sedimentary (residual ancient crusts of chemical weathering, alluvial and dealluvial-alluvial placers). The location of ruby objects is shown, including the largest areas of depleted, currently operating and promising for the near future ruby deposits in 36 countries around the world. The main typological features of rubies are described. It is emphasized that all properties of rubies are determined by their primary indigenous origin. The typology of rubies is based on the principles of the relationship between magmatism and metamorphism in the formation of the groups under consideration. Hydroblasting and selective crushing methods for mining of corundum-bearing complexes are characterised. The trend towards increased research into the commercial exploitation of the primary sources of ruby-bearing complexes is highlighted. In countries with highly developed mining industries, underground mining is the main way to extract gemstones.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antioxidant Capacities and Genetic Classification of Indonesian Selected Pigmented Rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Pigmented Rice ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Sequence

Rice is a world-famous cereal food divided into pigmented and non-pigmented rice. Pigmented rice is popular as healthier food than non-pigmented rice due to its potency as an antioxidant. Nevertheless, the potential of pigmented rice has not been widely studied. Indonesian selected pigmented rice protein’s antioxidant potential and the non-protein compound were in-vitro studied. The antioxidant potencies were evaluated by extracting fresh seeds of nine pigmented rice (Aek Sibundong, Beureum Taleus, Gogo Niti-2, Lamongan-1, Merah SP, Merah Wangi, Mota, Ketan Hitam-2, and Super Manggis) and non-pigmented rice (IR-64) as control. Various free radical scavenging methods to determine the antioxidant activity (ABTS•+, DPPH•, OH• and O2-) were conducted. Meanwhile, the genetic classification was performed by a simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker to determine the relationship between varieties. The results showed that protein of Ketan Hitam-2 had the highest ABTS•+ radical scavenging (98.06%), followed by Beureum Taleus (42.54%). Ketan Hitam-2 protein also showed the highest OH• and O2- activities (43.49% and 6.02%, respectively). The highest DPPH• potency of the non-protein compounds also shown by Ketan Hitam-2 (32.23%) with the activity of OH• and O2- (20.63% and 14.56%, respectively). These results showed that Ketan Hitam-2 has the highest potency as an antioxidant, which could be recommended as a nutraceuticals compound.

scholarly journals SPATIAL AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN ASPECTS IN COMMUNITY BASED MOSQUES

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luluk Maslucha
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Scale Size ◽  
Informal Interview ◽  
The World ◽  
Architectural Research ◽  
The Relationship

Indonesia as one of the biggest Muslim countries in the world are very rich in the quality and quantity of<br />mosques architecture. The largest number of mosques in Indonesia is designed, built, and developed by local<br />communities. Unfortunately, the potention of these kind of mosques is often unconsciously forgotten in the<br />field of architectural studies. Therefore, this research is held to define these mosques’ spatial and<br />architectural design aspects which were considered as appropriate for the needs of their local communities’.<br />As a descriptive-qualitative architectural research, the methods employed in this research are (1) field<br />surveying, (2) architectural documenting, and (3) informal interview, which were held in three purposive<br />sample of mosques: Masjid An-Nur Jagalan, Masjid Gading Pesantren, and Masjid Jami’ Kauman Malang. These<br />three mosques were chosen because of their close relations with their surrounding communities and their long<br />time developments by their local societies. The result of this study shows that some specific spatial and<br />architectural elements which were found in these community based mosques are (1) the scale, size, and depth<br />of space, (2) the classification and the placement of space, (3) the architectural expressions, (4) the openness,<br />the boundaries, and the relationship between spaces, (5) the athmospherical qualities of space, (6) the<br />classification of the users in spaces, (7) the intensity of the users in spaces, and (8) the manner and the<br />position of the users in spaces.

scholarly journals Metaphor in the Structure of Exploring Complexity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Alexander Dumov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The World ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Organization Ecology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Reflection

The paper presents a review of modern philosophical and methodological literature on exploring complexity. The research featured the effect of metaphor in the cognitive processes, research communication, and transmission of complex ideas. The author developed a classification of metaphors in the context of exploring complexity. The approach is based on the identification of a certain ontological and epistemic content of the metaphor. The contextual role of the metaphor in cognition processes depends on these aspects of its content. The author analyzed the groups of metaphors associated with such topics of exploring complexity as self-organization, ecology, and dialogue. The metaphors proved important in developing a complex vision of the relationship between the cognizer and the world. The study also examined the axiological aspects of the metaphors, as well as the connection between the metaphor and the new vision of rationality, typical of the philosophical reflection of complexity. The metaphor proved to have a heuristic, communicative, and organizational potential in conditions of methodological uncertainty. The context of philosophical and theoretical-methodological reflection of complexity makes it possible to study the metaphor in order to identify the existing models of exploring complexity and their cognitive stylistics.

Cordon approach to rivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-241
Author(s):  
S. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Levee System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts

Chapter 9 presents the Cordon approach, describing its methods, reviewing its spread across the world, and analyzing its consequences. It discusses the general relationship between river channels and their floodplains and explains the nurturing functions that regular river inundations perform. The chapter then outlines the instruments of the Cordon approach, such as embankments, floodwalls, channelization, and canalization. It goes on to explain the relationship between the Cordon and the Polder approaches and offers a classification of cordons into different types. The chapter reviews the consequences of the Cordon approach, distinguishing between those for river channels and for floodplains. It provides an overview of the experience of the Cordon approach in different parts of the world, focusing on the United States, Europe, and India. It also presents two case studies of the Cordon approach: the Mississippi levee system in the United States and the Huang He River embankments in China.

Malcolm Guthrie and the Reconstruction of Bantu Prehistory

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 81-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Flight
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

As to the scientific method,… it consist in the careful and often laborious classification of facts, in the comparison of their relationships and sequences, and finally in the discovery… of a brief statement or formula, which in a few words resumes the whole range of facts.Poor Pearson! His punishment was to have practised what he preached.…The Bantu expansion is one of the most important large-scale problems in African culture history -- an epic enacted over two or three thousand years and ten million square kilometers, by a cast not merely of thousands, but of many millions. By definition, the problem is primarily linguistic, but it cannot fail to engage the interest of other Africanists. The evidence arising from the comparative study of the Bantu languages has to be collated with evidence derived from other sources -- especially from archeology -- and extra-linguistic factors have to be invoked as soon as we raise the question of explanation. Bantu-speaking communities did not expand by virtue of the fact that they spoke Bantu: this at least we may safely take for granted.Until a few years ago, the argument revolved around the names of two linguists -- about as different in temperament and training as any two linguists could be -- who had both by chance turned their attention to Bantu in the late 1940s. An American linguist, Joseph H. Greenberg, working towards a genetic classification for all African languages, arrived at a controversial conclusion regarding the relationship between Bantu and the so-called “Semi-Bantu” languages of Nigeria.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RISK ASSESSMENT AS A TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND THE CORONA CRISIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Voloshina-Sidey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Stability And Resilience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article highlights the issues related to the problems of identification and timely assessment and analysis of risks to ensure the economic security of entrepreneurship from the standpoint of growth of integration processes in the world economy. It is noted that the formation of modern business is associated with the emergence of new global threats to economic security on the example of the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19. In the conditions of transformation of entrepreneurial risks, when existing methods and mechanisms of their management cease to be fully adequate to new realities and modern challenges, it is necessary to develop a modern concept of risks, improve their classification and improve existing mechanisms for analyzing and assessing business impacts. Thus, the study of these problems is the main purpose and objectives of the scientific article. The study analyzes the causes of major risks and threats under the influence of the pandemic and the consequences for the economic activity of small and medium-sized businesses in the country. The results of the study allow defining the essence of the concept of risk, to describe the improved classification of the most probable risks for small. Medium business in crises caused by the introduction of "lockdowns" and changes in legislation, the most affected by economic and further economic recovery and develop some ways to assess and mitigate risks. It is also proposed to introduce future stress tests for all levels of enterprises and organizations, which will be able to take into account and analyze a wider range of possible scenarios and risks associated with pandemic threats and the impact on business stability and resilience. Entrepreneurial risk management is complicated by the current situation of the Ukrainian economy in the world, as well as changes in the political, financial and global spheres have an increasingly significant impact on economic processes, including at the level of each individual business structure. Prospects for further research on this topic may be the study of the relationship and possible consequences that arise in business under the influence of modern risks and the development of the concept of "stress resistance" of the enterprise.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis (the black fungus) during COVID-19 pandemic: growing concerns of immunosuppressive therapy and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tanvir Islam ◽  
Masuda Parvin ◽  
Morshed Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Experts

In recent days rare but aggressive fungal disease in the form of mucormycosis has emerged and become a health concern mostly for the patients suffering from severe COVID-19 infection, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, and patients who receive immunosuppressive therapies for diseases like malignancies. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between COVID-19, immunosuppressive therapies, diabetes mellitus, and mucormycosis. In diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control allows the fungi to produce pathogenesis. On the other hand, immunosuppression causes compromised neutrophil function that inhibits phagocytosis and the fusion of phagolysosome. Epidemiological data has proved that the incidence of mucormycosis from a global perspective has been on the rise and it has an association with an increasing number of diabetic cases in the world. In countries like India, Nepal, and Bangladesh where the number of diabetic and cancer patients has been growing constantly, mucormycosis could be a serious health concern in near future. Much more scientific studies, statistical analysis, and engagement of health experts are needed to combat the situation.

scholarly journals Tolstoy, Universalism and the World Religions

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL MOULIN
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
World Congress ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The World ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Leo Tolstoy was one of the most prolific religious figures of his time. Yet his religious thought and its influence have seldom been explored by church historians. Drawing upon themes within his literature, non-fiction and previously unconsidered primary sources, this paper considers Tolstoy's religious position in relation to other similar nineteenth-century religious movements. It exposes Tolstoy's links with British Unitarians and also considers Tolstoy's influence upon the founder of Britain's first interfaith organisation, the World Congress of Faiths. It is argued that Tolstoy provides a paradigmatic example by which to examine the relationship between the legacy of the Enlightenment and changing attitudes towards non-Christian religions.

scholarly journals How Our Biology Constrains Our Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Vlerick
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Conceptual Space ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Constraints ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Reasoning from a naturalistic perspective, viewing the mind as an evolved biological organ with a particular structure and function, a number of influential philosophers and cognitive scientists claim that science is constrained by human nature. How exactly our genetic constitution constrains scientific representations of the world remains unclear. This is problematic for two reasons. Firstly, it often leads to the unwarranted conclusion that we are cognitively closed to certain aspects or properties of the world. Secondly, it stands in the way of a nuanced account of the relationship between our cognitive and perceptual wiring and scientific theory. In response, I propose a typology or classification of the different kinds of biological constraints and their sources on science. Using Boden’s (1990) notion of a conceptual space, I distinguish between constraints relating to the ease with which we can reach representations within our conceptual space (which I call ‘biases’) and constraints causing possible representations to fall outside of our conceptual space. This last kind of constraints does not entail that some aspects or properties of the world cannot be represented by us – as argued by advocates of ‘cognitive closure’ – merely that some ways of representing the world are inaccessible to us. It relates to what Clark (1986) and Rescher (1990) have framed as ‘the alien scientist hypothesis’ (the possibility that alien scientists, endowed with radically different cognitive abilities, could produce representations of the world that are unintelligible to us). The purpose of this typology is to provide some much needed clarity and structure to the debate about biological constraints on science.

scholarly journals Research of vitrinite and fusinite coals for predicting geological hazards in coal seams

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
М. I. Antoshchenko ◽  
V. Yu. Tarasov ◽  
О. I. Zakharova ◽  
Ye. I. Zubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Geological Hazards ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Fossil Coals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Safe Mining

To establish the necessity of dividing fossil coals into vitrinitic and fusinitic varieties in order to identify the hazardous properties of coal seams during mining. Methodology. The study of changes in conditional indices in the general ranking series was carried out according to DSTU 25543-2013 separately for the classification indicators of vitrinite and fusinite coals, as well as coal groups not assigned to the considered varieties. Changes in indices in the ranks of classification indicators allow us to identify the distinctive or unifying features of the construction of these series and provide suggestions for improving the regulatory documents of mining operations. Outcome. The safety of mining in Ukrainian coal mines is regulated by a number of regulatory documents that are based on genetic classification indicators of coal. One of the decisive factors of dividing coals by technological properties is their classification as vitrinitic or fusinitic, which is not taken into account by the regulatory framework when establishing the hazardous properties of coal seams. The analysis of distinctive properties acquired in the process of metamorphic transformations between vitrinite and fusinite coals has been carried out. It is established that the correlation indices (R2) of the relationship between conditional indexes of Ro, Vdaf and у ranking series with the conditional indices of the general ranking series by brand of coal are practically the same. In terms of Ro, the values of R2 for vitrinitic and fusinite coals were 0,9114 and 0,9221, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the Vdaf indicator, according to which it is impossible to establish differences in the degree of metamorphic transformations between vitrinite and fusinite coals. The characterizing values of the у indicator do not make it possible to establish the direction of change in the properties of coal. The used values of this indicator have a large scatter in the compilation of coal ranking. Scientific novelty. The nature of change in the classification indicators of industrial classification of coal for identifying the hazardous properties of coal seams in mining operations has been identified. Practical relevance. The possibility of improving the regulatory framework for safe mining of coal seams by establishing differences in the properties of vitrinite and fusinite coals.

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