A method to improve the quality of rock preparation for extraction with emulsion explosives in open-pit mines with high benches

Author(s):  
I.A. Pytalev ◽  
D.V. Domozhirov ◽  
E.E. Shvabenland ◽  
A.A. Prokhorov ◽  
V.V. Pronin

Increasing the production capacity of open-pit and strip mines while ensuring the efficiency of the mining enterprise can be achieved through enhancing the quality of rock preparation prior to excavation. The use of emulsion explosives and the transition to the high-bench technology can reduce the cost of mining operations by optimizing the drilling and blasting parameters. The article reviews methods to improve the efficiency of rock preparation for extraction based on the applicable scientific and methodological principles and it proposes a method to regulate the density of emulsion explosives. Schemes are presented for calculation of drilling and blasting parameters when implementing technical measures aimed at improving the blasting quality through rock preparation for extraction in conditions of overburden and mining operations with bench height of 15 m and higher. Parameters of drilling and blasting operations on high benches are justified with differentiation of the charge density along the length of the blast hole by controlling the delivery of the gas-generating additive. A simulation has been performed and the results of pilot tests of the emulsion explosive charge density control at the Ural deposits are presented.

Author(s):  
V. V. Agafonov ◽  
V. Yu. Zalyadinov ◽  
M. E. Yusupov ◽  
N. S. Bikteeva

Sustainability of mining companies is of of high concern. The problem is specifically acute at companies that are monotownor monosettlement-forming. Sustainability of a mine depends in many ways on product quality and production resource-intensity. This article discusses formation of mineral quality indexes in terms of an open pit chrysotile mine. The studies took into account specific features of operation procedures implemented by each structural division of the mine. The analysis has found managerial and technological inconsistencies which affect quality and marketable product output, as well as efficiency of the mine in whole. The background for efficiency enhancement at a company is, by the authors’ opinion, consolidation of personnel subject to the single development strategy, namely: improvement of production and control efficiency, as well as use of available reserves and resources by means of better setup for production. The proposed approaches to planning mining operations and forming mineral quality allow higher quality of processing stock. In addition, a new model proposed for interaction between structural divisions of a mining company ensures improvement of general production indexes.


2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 01039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleh Khomenko ◽  
Maksym Kononenko ◽  
Inna Myronova ◽  
Mykola Savchenko

The analysis has been made of the technical parameters of the existing passport for drilling and blasting operations (DBO) in terms of compliance with labour safety requirements and scientific-technical standards. The methodology for constructing the DBO passport has been developed, which takes into account the areas of blast-hole groups and the properties of emulsion explosives. The type of the cut has been analysed, modelled and accepted for use, which corresponds to the conditions of tunnelling as much as possible. The zones of deformation and fracturing in the massif around blast-hole charges have been simulated. The level of decrease in the hazard index for atmospheric air has been set when using the emulsion explosive Ukrainit-PP instead of TNT-containing charge – Ammonite No.6 ZhV.


2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Tatiana Tyuleneva ◽  
Roman Shishkov ◽  
Elena Kucherova ◽  
Marat Moldazhanov

In recent years, there has been a decline in the efficiency of coal mining by traditional methods. On the one hand, the volume of coal outside the contour of the cut, which is economically impractical for open-pit mining, is increasing. On the other hand, when using underground geotechnology, the cost of production exceeds the cost of performing mining operations using open geotechnology, this is due to differences in the factors of operation of the open pit and the mine. This circumstance determines the use of open-underground technology for mining coal reserves outside the contour of the open pit as an actual and promising direction. This article describes a methodological approach based on the use of technological schemes for the preparation and treatment of reserves of powerful shallow coal seams, the justification of the parameters of combined geotechnology with a coordinated and balanced development of open and open-underground mining operations with the distribution of reserves for open and open-underground mining of coal reserves beyond the limit contour of the open pit, the preparation of excavation sites directly from its workings and the coordination of production capacity and the speed of their development. Its application will increase the production capacity of the coal mining complex without additional environmental burden and will provide an increased return on investment.


2021 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
I. F. Bondarenko ◽  
R. Ya. Nikitin ◽  
I. V. Zyryanov

ALROSA performs blasting operations mainly using explosives manufactured on the spot. Considering modern trends of using local manufacture explosives, Company’s experience of application of emulsion explosives, as well as prompt introduction of technological innovations, novel process solutions are utilized in manufacture and use of emulsion explosives. To this effect, Udachny Mining and Processing Plant constructed and commissioned a plant to manufacture non-explosive components for emulsion explosives within the Plant’s infrastructure area. Emulsion explosives enable blasting in open pit and underground mines which are assumed hazardous in terms of oil and gas shows. Within the framework of technical upgrading at MMLT-500-PR Plant, the investment project on construction and commissioning of a modular production line to manufacture packaged emulsion explosives has been implemented. The field trials of NPGM grade emulsion explosive has proved the economic and production efficiency of blasting using this explosive in open pit and underground mining. This article presents the results of testing and application of NPGM emulsion explosive during blasting in open pit and underground mines of ALROSA. The outcomes of pilot explosions using this type explosive as the main borehole and chain charges, as well as intermediate detonators in full-scale conditions of an underground mine and in an open pit are described. The proposed technology features higher operational efficiency and is applicable in various geotechnical conditions of mineral mining.


2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Zinaida Mikhailovna NAZAROVA ◽  
◽  
Yuriy Vasil’evich ZABAIKIN ◽  
Yuliya Anatol’evna LEONIDOVA ◽  
Mikhail Arkad’evich YAKUNIN ◽  
...  

Relevance. Fracturing of the array is one of the main factors in the formation of quality blocks of decorative stone. Systems of natural cracks form a separate rock and determine the shape and size of structural blocks, which determines the possible output of conditioned block products from the array, the choice of the method of preparing the rock for excavation, the location and direction of movement of the mining front in accordance with the nature, intensity and elements of the occurrence of cracks. To control the quality of decorative stone blocks, modeling and forecasting optimal parameters, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of identifying fractures and then determining their geometric parameters using modern digital equipment. Purpose of research is to analyze the quality management of the extracted rock based on the use of mathematical modeling technologies. The methodology of the work consists in using methods of mathematical modeling, as well as statistical data processing. Results. The practical application of the results is to apply the developed methods in order to optimize the quality management system of the extracted rock and increase its efficiency. As a result of practical research, a rational ledge height of 5.8 m has been established for the conditions of the granodiorite Deposit, which allows to ensure the necessary production capacity of the quarry, high productivity of mining equipment, safety of mining operations, minimal economic costs for mining operations, low production costs and minimal losses of block raw materials. Conclusions. The analysis of the complex of mining operations of mining enterprises allows us to make a conclusion about the need to introduce new technologies into production that would ensure the automation of work, increase the reliability of measurement results and calculations. At the same time, automation should be based on the use of remote methods for assessing the quality of decorative stone, new electronic devices and appropriate software.


2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 01047
Author(s):  
Alexei Selyukov ◽  
Andrey Gerasimov ◽  
Kirill Byrdin

Today, up to two-thirds of the world’s minerals are mined in an open, more economical way. However, at the same time, billions of tons of overburden are extracted, which are piled in the dumps, where they are polluted, lose their value and, in addition, reduce the quality of the environment. The possibility of industrial use of various rocks of from quarry field characterizes the complexity of minerals extracted by surface mining. Currently, there are no clear criteria for determining the size of blocks when designing enterprises for open pit mining. In most cases, when designing open pit mines, a quarry field is conventionally divided into several blocks, which does not always ensure the optimal production capacity of the mining enterprise due to the uneven distribution of reserves in the block contours. Because of that, during the transition from one block to another, a decrease in the production capacity of the enterprise can be noted. To avoid productivity decreasing, the precise analysis of the block parameters must be performed.


Author(s):  
S. A. GORINOV ◽  
◽  
I. YU. MASLOV ◽  

One of promising directions in conducting sparing highly mechanized blasting operations in open-pit mining may be the use of low-density emulsion explosives sensitized with light porous granules made of low-strength material (for example, granules of polystyrene foam). Experimentally, it was possible to show that such explosives allow mechanized charging into downward hole wells and allow forming a borehole charge that is virtually not subject to shrinkage at a height of up to 40 m. Low explosive densities make it possible to effectively use solid column charges for gentle blasting which, in turn, provides a high degree of mechanization of charging operations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-348
Author(s):  
V. I. Lyashenko ◽  
O. E. Khomenko ◽  
M. N. Kononenko

Drilling and blasting operations (D&B) are the most difficult and laborious operations in the process of mineral extraction, requiring permanent development and upgrading of methods and equipment. The aim of the study is to substantiate the parameters of drilling and blasting drivage of horizontal and inclined (up to 12o) mine workings on the basis of high-performance self-propelled equipment and new designs of box cuts with cleaning explosive charges (0.2 kg of 6ZhV ammonite), placed in advance holes of 65 to 105 mm in diameter. The paper presents the results of the analysis of practical experience and scientific achievements in the field of drilling-andblasting rupture of solid media and continuum mechanics. The need for new designs of box cuts, reliability of which in the formation of high-quality (clean) cut cavity reaches 0.95-1.00, was substantiated. New design options of box cuts have been developed, the peculiarity of which consists in provision of sufficient compensation (peripheral) volume with the use of blast hole cut charges for blasting rupture of trapezoidal partitions, with the compensation volume factor of 2.50 to 1.34. Promising areas of research were shown using the example of complicated structure ore deposits and large faults in the Kirovograd ore district and crystalline rocks of the Ukrainian shield at the following mines of Ukraine: PJSC KZhRK, CJSC Sukhaya Balka (Kryvyi Rih), Vostok-Ruda LLC, SE VostGOK (Zheltye Vody), CJSC ZZhRK, etc. Promising areas of research were proposed using the example of complicated structure ore deposits typically formed at the junction of large faults; besides, the use of environmentally friendly emulsion explosives and self-propelled emulsion explosive chargers was recommended.


Author(s):  
E. A. Vakulin ◽  
A. I. Zayats ◽  
V. A. Beklemeshev ◽  
V. A. Ivashkevich ◽  
V. A. Khazhiev ◽  
...  

Investigation of failures is one of the critical activities of mining and haulage equipment operability assurance in mining. Maintaining failure investigation at the required quality level, it is possible to identify provisions, rules and procedures that should be revised or changed, operation conditions that should be improved, additional personnel training, if required, etc. Investigation of failures in mines is under responsibility of machine men and electricians of maintenance and operation services. In reality, factory management and setup for production condition weak concernment of these workers in quality investigation aimed at finding of sources of equipment failures. This article describes real-life results achieved in development and use of maintenance service operation, technology and management monitoring. The requirements are substantiated for quality improvement in failure cause finding and removal in mining and haulage equipment at Chernogorsky open pit mine, SUEK-Khakassia. Causes of the present quality of failure investigation by machine men of Chernogorsky Repair and Engineering Works and Chernogorsky open pit mine are revealed. The proposed recommended practices will improve quality of mining and haulage equipment failure investigation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
A.A. Sobolev ◽  
◽  
G.V. Sekisov ◽  
A.Yu. Cheban ◽  
N.M. Litvinova ◽  
...  

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