scholarly journals COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF FLAVONOID PIGMENTS AND FLOWER COLOR IN PRUNUS MIRA AND HYBRID CULTIVARS OF ORNAMENTAL PEACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
L. D. Komar-Tyomnaya ◽  
G. P. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pale Pink ◽  
Prunus Mira Koehne ◽  
New Cultivars

Background. Ornamental peaches are flowering trees with petals ranging in color from white and pale pink to purplered. Because peach suffers from fungal infections, Prunus mira Koehne is often used in breeding programs as a donor of resistance. It also impacts on other traits, including flower color. The aim of this work was to study the composition of flavonoid pigments in the flowers of parent plants and new ornamental peach cultivars originated from P. mira.Objects and methods. Four new cultivars developed at the Nikita Botanical Gardens and their parental forms – P. mira and 4 cultivars with the P. persica morphotype – were included in the study. Pigments were extracted with acidified ethyl alcohol from fresh petals and identified by HPLC analysis.Results. Twelve glycosides of cyanidin and peonidin in different combinations and 8 glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin were found in the petal samples. Among colored plants, the highest amount of flavonols (114 mg g-1) and the lowest amount of anthocyanins (0.46 mg g-1) were found in P. mira petals. Anthocyanins predominate in cultivars with purple-red petals (16 mg g-1). Much more flavonols (55– 88 mg g-1) and little anthocyanins (1.2–3.4 mg g-1) were accumulated in the purple-pink flowers of hybrid cultivars. This trend persisted in the cultivars from crosses with a white-flowered parent. Conclusion. The ratio of anthocyanins and flavonols in the peach flowers depends on the plant species and determines the petals’ intermediate colors and half-tones. Using P. mira in breeding programs provides opportunities for the development of cultivars with new shades of flower color.

scholarly journals Quantitative Flavonoid Variation Accompanied by Change of Flower Colors in Edgeworthia chrysantha, Pittosporum tobira and Wisteria floribunda

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Ono ◽  
Tsukasa Iwashina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Wisteria Floribunda ◽  
Pittosporum Tobira

The flavonoids in the flowers of Edgeworthia chrysantha, Pittosporum tobira and Wisteria floribunda were isolated and identified. Quercetin and kaempferol 3- O-glucosides and 3- O-rutinosides were found in E. chrysantha, and quercetin 3- O-rutinoside, 3- O-glucoside and 3- O-pentosylrhamnosylglucoside, kaempferol 3- O-robinobioside, 3- O-rutinoside, 3- O-glucoside and 3- O-pentosylrhamnosylglucoside, and isorhamnetin 3- O-rutinoside were isolated from P. tobira. Ten flavonoids, quercetin 3- O-sophoroside, 3- O-rutinoside, 3- O-glucoside, kaempferol 3- O-sophoroside and 3- O-glucoside, luteolin 5- O-glucoside, 7- O-glucoside and 7- O-hexoside, and apigenin 7- O-glucoside and 4′- O-hexoside were isolated from W. floribunda. The major pigments of E. chrysantha were carotenoids. Their content decreased with the change in flower color to white from yellow via cream, and total flavonoid content also slightly decreased by ca. 0.8 in cream and ca. 0.9 fold in white flowers. In contrast with E. chrysantha, white flowers of P. tobira turn to cream and then yellow in which the major pigments are also carotenoids. In this species, both carotenoid and flavonoid contents are gradually increased from white to yellow flowers. Though the petal color of Wisteria floribunda is mauve, due to anthocyanin pigments, the yellow areas are due to carotenoids; these turn to white in the late flowering stage. However, their flavonoid contents were essentially the same among the yellow, cream and white spots of flags. Thus, it was shown by HPLC analysis of the flower flavonoids of E. chrysantha, P. tobira and W. floribunda, although the visible pigments such as carotenoids and anthocyanins are quantitatively varied, the quantitative variation in UV-absorbing substances, such as flavones and flavonols, differs with plant species.

Bioinfomatics Analysis of the Anthocyanidin synthase Gene in Tree Peony

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1181-1184
Author(s):  
Yan Zhao Zhang ◽  
Yan Wei Cheng ◽  
Hui Yuan Ya ◽  
Chao Yun ◽  
Jian Ming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Transcriptome Database ◽  
Color Modification

Anthocyanin mainly responsible for flowers color in many plant species, it also accumulated in response to lots of environmental stress to reduce the damage to plant cell. Anthocyanin synthesis (ANS) protein is an important synthetase participated in anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we isolated the PsANS gene from transcriptome database built by our previous study. The PsANS gene contain an 1050bp open reading frame encoding 349 amino acid, phylogenetic analysis revealed that PsANS was segrated into a group with ANS from others plant species. Secondary and thri-dimension structure prediction also revealed that it may have similar function with ANS in others plant species. The identified PsANS gene would be helpful for further research in flower color modification and resistance breeding.

Composition and Properties of TiO2 Sol to Produce a Photocatalytic Composite Material

2020 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Gubareva ◽  
Valeria V. Strokova ◽  
Yulia N. Ogurtsova ◽  
Pavel S. Baskakov ◽  
Lok Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Nanosized Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

The paper presents the process of sol-gel synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, the peculiarities of the influence of component composition (titanium precursor content, solvent and stabilizer − surfactant) on the properties of sol and powder obtained on its basis. As a result of the study, the nature of the influence of the type and content of the surfactant in the solution of tetrabutoxytitanium in ethanol on the size of the synthesized particles of titanium dioxide was revealed. The optimal composition of the reaction mixture of TiO–R sol was obtained and the optimal ratio of tetrabutoxytitanium and ethyl alcohol was revealed using which a material with a high content of nanosized titanium dioxide was obtained.

scholarly journals Why and How to Switch to Genomic Selection: Lessons From Plant and Animal Breeding Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aline Fugeray-Scarbel ◽  
Catherine Bastien ◽  
Mathilde Dupont-Nivet ◽  
Stéphane Lemarié
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For

The present study is a transversal analysis of the interest in genomic selection for plant and animal species. It focuses on the arguments that may convince breeders to switch to genomic selection. The arguments are classified into three different “bricks.” The first brick considers the addition of genotyping to improve the accuracy of the prediction of breeding values. The second consists of saving costs and/or shortening the breeding cycle by replacing all or a portion of the phenotyping effort with genotyping. The third concerns population management to improve the choice of parents to either optimize crossbreeding or maintain genetic diversity. We analyse the relevance of these different bricks for a wide range of animal and plant species and sought to explain the differences between species according to their biological specificities and the organization of breeding programs.

scholarly journals Ethyl Methanesulfonate and Caffeine Mutagenetic Treatment to Four Ornamental Silene Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Li Jiang ◽  
Bruce L. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Leaf Variegation ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
As Effects ◽  
Silene Species ◽  
New Cultivars

Mutagenesis breeding for horticultural crops is valuable not only for creating new cultivars, but also expanding the genetic pool for hybridization. Four Silene species were subjected to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and/or caffeine mutagenesis to obtain valuable ornamental traits and to test the effects of different mutagens and combinations. Species responded differently to the mutagens. Generally, caffeine plus EMS treatments had a greater effect on mutation rate than either treatment applied alone. Caffeine alone was found to enhance seed vigor of S. floscuculi. Caffeine as a plant mutagen should be further investigated to determine the most efficient concentration as well as effects on other plant species, as several desirable mutants were obtained with leaf variegation.

scholarly journals Biofuel plant species and the contribution of genetic improvement

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (spe) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Improvement Programs

The paper analyses the puzzle of the food-energy-environmental security interaction, to which biofuels are part of the solution. It presents and discusses the contribution of genetic improvement to biofuels, with regard to the production of raw materials (oil and ethanol-producing plant species) and designs perspectives, opportunities, risks and challenges, with a special focus on the Brazilian scene. Bioethanol is a consolidated biofuel owing largely to the sugarcane breeding programs. These programs released 111 sugarcane cultivars and were responsible for a 20.8 % gain in productivity of bioethanol (in m³ ha-1) between 2000 and 2009. The program of Brazilian biodiesel production, initiated in 2005, had an annual growth rate of 10 % and the country is already the world's fourth largest producer. However, the contribution of breeding to biodiesel production is still modest, due to the lack of specific improvement programs for oil.

Variation in tolerance mechanisms to fluazifop-P-butyl among selected zoysiagrass lines

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Liu ◽  
Gregory E. MacDonald ◽  
J. Bryan Unruh ◽  
Kevin E. Kenworthy ◽  
Laurie E. Trenholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Susceptible Line ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Biomass Reduction ◽  
New Cultivars

AbstractBreeding herbicide tolerance into new cultivars can improve safety and weed control in turfgrass systems. The sensitivity to fluazifop-P-butyl of 27 zoysiagrass (Zoysiaspp.) lines was screened under greenhouse conditions to identify potential tolerant germplasm for breeding programs. The herbicide rate that caused 50% biomass reduction (GR50) and the rate that caused 50% injury (ID50) were calculated to select the three most-tolerant and the five most-susceptible lines for studying the physiological mechanisms responsible for fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance. The differences in GR50and ID50between susceptible and tolerant lines ranged from 4-fold to more than 10-fold. Cytochrome P450–mediated metabolism was not detected in fluazifop-P-butyl–tolerant lines. Sequencing of theACCasegene confirmed that none of the seven previously reported mutations conferring resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides in other species were present in any of the tolerant or susceptible zoysiagrass lines studied. An Ala-2073-Thr substitution was identified in two tolerant lines, but this mutation did not completely explain the tolerant phenotype. No clear differences in absorption and translocation rates of14C-radiolabeled fluazifop-P-butyl were observed among most lines, with the exception of a susceptible line that exhibited greater translocation than two of the tolerant lines. Metabolite profiles did not differ between tolerant and susceptible lines. Our results suggest that the diversity in tolerance to fluazifop-P-butyl in zoysiagrass germplasm is most likely the result of a combination of different, minor, additive non–target site mechanisms such as translocation rate and compartmentation after absorption.

scholarly journals SWEETPOTATO FLAVOR - EXISTING STATUS AND FUTUREOUTLOOK

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 262A-262
Author(s):  
J. Kays ◽  
Wayne J. McLaurin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Flavor Chemistry ◽  
Staple Crops ◽  
Baked Potato ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Selection Of

Flavor is a primary trait in the selection of foods. The role of flavor in acceptance of the sweetpotato, flavors status as a selection trait in existing breeding programs, and our current understanding of the flavor chemistry of the sweetpotato was reviewed. The sweetpotato, unlike most staple crops, has a very distinct and dominant flavor. In typical breeding programs, however, flavor is generally one of the last traits screened. A tremendous diversity and range of flavors has been reported within the sweetpotato germplasm (e.g., acidic, bland, baked potato, boiled potato. carrot, chalky, chemical, citrus, earthy, Ipomoeo/terpene, lemon, musty, pumpkin, salty, squash (titer type), starchy, sweet, sweetpotato (traditional), terpene, and turnip. These results indicate that the genetic diversity for flavor present in sweetpotato germplasm will allow making substantial changes in the flavor of new cultivars, thus potentially opening previously unexploited or under-exploited markets. Implementation involves solving two primary problems: 1) identification of desirable flavor ideotypes; and development of procedures that allow maximizing the selection of specific flavor types.

scholarly journals Breeding tropical forages

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (spe) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Jank ◽  
CB Valle ◽  
RMS Resende
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
The World ◽  
Tropical Forages ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Apomictic Reproduction

Brazil has the largest commercial beef cattle herd and is the main beef exporter in the world. Cultivated pastures are the basis for the Brazilian beef production, and occupy an area of 101.4 million hectares. However, very few forage cultivars are commercially available, and the majority of these are of apomictic reproduction, thus genetically homogeneous. Tropical forage breeding is at its infancy, but much investment and efforts have been applied in the last three decades and some new cultivars have been released. In this paper, origin of different species, modes of reproduction, breeding programs and targets are discussed and the resulting new cultivars released are presented.

scholarly journals Dissecting genetic diversity and genomic background of Petunia cultivars with contrasting growth habits

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Guo ◽  
Ryan M. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Genetic Origin ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The cultivated petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) is derived from the progenitor species P. axillaris and P. integrifolia. The hybridization dates back only to the 1830s, though intensive breeding efforts have yielded cultivars exhibiting incredible diversity for many traits, including growth habit, flower color, and flower size. Until now, little is known about the genetic diversity and genomic background of modern cultivars. Here we selected a panel of 13 cultivars with contrasting growth habits and three wild species (the progenitors and P. exserta) to estimate the genomic contribution from the ancestral species and to study whether the variation of the genetic origin could be associated with different breeding programs or morphological variability. Transcriptome sequencing identified 1,164,566 SNPs representing 98.4% (32,451) of the transcripts that cover 99.2% (of 52,697,361 bp) of the P. axillaris transcriptome. Cultivars with an upright growth habit had more homozygous alleles and more P. axillaris-derived alleles than trailing cultivars, while mounded cultivars had intermediate heterozygosity. Unlike previous studies, we found the proportions of alleles derived from each progenitor species varied across cultivars but overall were not biased toward one progenitor species, suggesting diverse selection during cultivar development. For trailing cultivars, alleles potentially introgressed from other wild species (“out” alleles) were enriched. The “out” alleles were clustered in particular regions of chromosomes, suggesting that these regions may be hotspots of introgression. Transcripts in these regions were enriched with gene ontology terms associated with growth habit. This study provides novel insight into the contributions of progenitor species to the genomic background of modern petunia cultivars and identifies genome regions that may harbor genes conferring the trailing growth habit for further exploration.

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