scholarly journals Heavy Metal Accumulation in Shrubs Used in Roadside Planting

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
City Center ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
The City ◽  
Cu And Zn

<p>The aim of this study is to determine the shrub species which can be used as the biomonitor of air pollution originating mainly from the traffic and could provide the opportunity to increase the air quality in urban areas. To this end, Berberis thunbergii, Buxus sempervirens, Juniperus horizontalis, and Platycladus orientalis, mostly preferred species for roadside plantations, were chosen for the study. First, three regions with heavy traffic intensities were determined. Next, the levels of 4 heavy metals were examined by using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry. The results obtained indicate that since the deposition of Cu and Zn is more in the leaves and barks of four species, these shrub species are more effective in the accumulation of Cu and Zn. Furthermore, the results of the study show that Platycladus orientalis is more effective in Cu and Pb accumulation, while Buxus sempervirens is more effective in terms of Ni and Zn accumulation. Determining high levels of traffic-originated heavy metals of Cu, Pb and Zn, particularly in the leaves of Platycladus orientalis in the city center indicates that air pollution is more intense in the city center and that Platycladus orientalis can be used as a biomonitor for traffic-originated air pollution.</p>

scholarly journals Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 851 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A T Sekarningsih ◽  
W Budianta ◽  
I W Warmada ◽  
H Hinode
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The City ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of heavy metals changes in the ambient air of two different zones of Tabriz City, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
City Center ◽  
North West ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The City

<p>Tabriz is a large and industrial city in the north west of Iran which suffers from severe air pollution due to being surrounded by mountains. Considering lack of official reports about the levels of heavy metals in Tabriz air, two zones of the city were selected for measurement of heavy metals in the air of this city. One of the two zones was located in a very heavy traffic zone of the city center, while the other was situated in a zone with relatively low levels of pollution. Three metals of lead, cadmium, and mercury were measured in these two zones. Among the three measured metals, lead with a concentration of 662 ng m<sup>-3</sup> had the highest concentration, followed by cadmium and mercury with concentrations of 92 and 8 ng m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. The concentrations of lead and cadmium in cold seasons were 30-50% greater than in warm seasons, whereas no significant correlation was observed between the concentration of mercury and the ambient temperature. No significant difference was observed between the concentrations of these metals in the two sampling sites; the levels of lead in winter in the city center were 20% greater than that in the countryside.</p>

Transfer of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) from Roadside Soil to Ornamental Plants in Nanjing, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 3051-3054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Hong Ding ◽  
Xin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Roadside Soil ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Nanjing City ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cu And Zn

Roadside soil, dusts, and three ornamental plants-Begoniaceae (Begonia semperflorens Link et Otto), Tagetes (Tagetes erecta Linn.), and Salvia (Salvia splendens Ker-Gawle) were collected from urban arteries in Nanjing City, China. Concentrations of metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atom emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cd was the most important contaminant in roadside soil and dusts. Generally, Begoniaceae accumulated more metals than Tagetes and Salvia. The order of bioconcentration factor values for three kinds of plants were Cd > Cu > Zn > Pb, suggesting Cd was more easily accumulated by ornamental plants than Zn and Pb from soils to roots. The values of the translocation factor show the significant species specific characteristics on the ability of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) translocation from roots to leaves. Begoniaceae was recommended as a bioindicator of heavy metals in the urban environment.

scholarly journals Evolution of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> in the Denver Urban Plume during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlena J. Ebben ◽  
Tamara L. Sparks ◽  
Paul J. Wooldridge ◽  
Teresa L. Campos ◽  
Christopher A. Cantrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Front Range ◽  
City Center ◽  
Alkyl Nitrates ◽  
Effective Lifetime ◽  
Urban Plume ◽  
The City

Abstract. As NOx (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) is transported away from cities, it undergoes photochemical oxidation to peroxynitrates (RO2NO2, ΣPNs), alkyl nitrates (RONO2, ΣANs), and nitric acid (HNO3). These higher oxide species each have different lifetimes to permanent removal or conversion back to NOx, resulting in nitrogen oxide chemistry that evolves as plumes are transported away from cities. Here, observations from the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ) are used to describe the evolution of NOx and NOy (NOy ≡ NOx + ΣPNs + ΣANs + HNO3 + …) as the Denver urban plume flows outward from the city center. We evaluate the chemistry, dilution, and deposition rates in the plume to provide numerical constraints on the NOx and NOy,i lifetimes. We find that plume dilution with background air occurs with a lifetime of 3.5 hours. NOx concentrations decrease more rapidly with a lifetime to chemical loss and dilution of 2 hours in the near field of the city center. NOy has an effective lifetime of 3 hours and due to a combination of HNO3 deposition and dilution. The results provide a useful test of conceptual and numerical models of chemistry during the evolution of urban plumes.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations of air pollution over 41 cities of India during the COVID-19 lockdown period

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Vadrevu ◽  
Aditya Eaturu ◽  
Sumalika Biswas ◽  
Kristofer Lasko ◽  
Saroj Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
City Center ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Vegetation Fires ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The City

Abstract In this study, we characterize the impacts of COVID-19 on air pollution using NO2 and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from TROPOMI and MODIS satellite datasets for 41 cities in India. Specifically, our results suggested a 13% NO2 reduction during the lockdown (March 25–May 3rd, 2020) compared to the pre-lockdown (January 1st–March 24th, 2020) period. Also, a 19% reduction in NO2 was observed during the 2020-lockdown as compared to the same period during 2019. The top cities where NO2 reduction occurred were New Delhi (61.74%), Delhi (60.37%), Bangalore (48.25%), Ahmedabad (46.20%), Nagpur (46.13%), Gandhinagar (45.64) and Mumbai (43.08%) with less reduction in coastal cities. The temporal analysis revealed a progressive decrease in NO2 for all seven cities during the 2020 lockdown period. Results also suggested spatial differences, i.e., as the distance from the city center increased, the NO2 levels decreased exponentially. In contrast, to the decreased NO2 observed for most of the cities, we observed an increase in NO2 for cities in Northeast India during the 2020 lockdown period and attribute it to vegetation fires. The NO2 temporal patterns matched the AOD signal; however, the correlations were poor. Overall, our results highlight COVID-19 impacts on NO2, and the results can inform pollution mitigation efforts across different cities of India.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF SOIL QUALITY IN MAYKOP BASED ON THE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SOIL ALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Emiliya A. Sirotiuk ◽  
Saida R. Zhemadukova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
City Center ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
City District ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
The City

The paper presents the results of the study on soil quality in Maykop using algae indication. The findings suggest soil contamination by heavy metals and oil products, and the beginning of destructive processes. The city center is recognized to be the most unfavorable ecological area of the city. There are no diatoms in soil cyanoalgological sinusiae ‒ a key indicator of oil contamination of soils. On the contrary, cyanobacteria prevail, which are resistant to soil contamination with oil products and heavy metals. One of the main environmental problems in Maykop is soil contamination with heavy metals and oil products. The main contributor to soil contamination is city transport and housing and public services. Pollutants enter soil through precipitation and leaf and branch shedding, deposit from the air, and are directly absorbed by moist soil. The results of algological studies suggest that destructive processes have begun in the soils in Maykop. This is evidenced by the composition of soil cyanoalgological sinusiae and by the population of main groups of microphototrophs. The most ecologically disadvantaged city district is «Central Market».

scholarly journals Biomonitoring of Heavy Metal Air Pollution in Warsaw Using Two Moss Species Pleurozium schreberi and Sphagnum palustre

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krassimira Ilieva-Makulec ◽  
Paweł Dariusz Plichta ◽  
Maciej Sierakowski
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Pleurozium Schreberi ◽  
Active Biomonitoring ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Sphagnum Palustre

The aim of the study was to assess air pollution with heavy metals in Warsaw, on the basis of the concentrations of selected elements in moss samples. The active biomonitoring method (moss-bag technique) was applied using two moss species Pleurozium schreberi and Sphagnum palustre. Moss samples were collected in the Kampinos National Park, and the prepared moss bags were distributed and exposed on seven sites in Warsaw. The analysis of metals accumulated in mosses was performed twice in 2020, after two (August-September) and four months (August-November) of exposure. The concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cd and Zn) in the mosses were determined, using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP OES). Our results showed a clear dependence of heavy metal accumulation in the mosses on the location of the exposition site and the exposure period. Both species of mosses were found to accumulate the most metals in the vicinity of pollutant emitters, such as the ArcelorMittal Warsaw smelter, exit roads or roads in the city with heavy traffic, petrol stations, or construction works. After 4 months of exposure, in both moss species, the highest increases in the concentrations were found for four elements: Cr, Pb, Ni and Cd.  Higher concentrations of some heavy metals in the mosses in 2020, as compared to previous studies, indicate a negative influence of progressing urbanisation on air pollution in Warsaw.

Air pollution studies in “street canyons” in Minsk and urban planning for minimization of its exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Krukowskaya ◽  
Hanna Malchykhina
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Street Canyons ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The City

&lt;p&gt;Reducing the risks associated with the effects of polluted air on public health is one of the main tasks of sustainable urban development. This problem can be solved in two different ways: by emission reduction and by minimization of human exposure to elevated concentrations of pollutants. In the context of the second approach, it is important to plan the urban area in order to minimize places with a large number of people and poor dispersion conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For this purpose investigation and identification of street canyons in Minsk city was performed. With population ca 2 mln inhabitants Minsk is one of the most populated European cities. Due to many historical destructions of the city nowadays it has mainly planned structure of streets and buildings according to General plans of urban development designed in the second part of the XX century. According to the plans Minsk has relatively wide main transport lines surrounded by mid-level buildings and has good conditions for air circulation and air pollutions spatial dispersion. Nevertheless, there is some location in the city with conditions close to urban street canyons and is characterised with high pedestrian and traffic intensity. Besides in modern construction so density planning not so rare. That's in addition to limited air pollution concentration researches makes important measurements and assessments in such conditions in Minsk.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For sampling, urban canyons NOx concentration in the air were carried out in 2012-2019 in Minsk. Air was sampled on both sides of &amp;#8220;street canyons&amp;#8221; taking into account weather conditions. During sampling, traffic accounting was carried out. The concentration of NOx was determined by the fluorimetric method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Obtained results have shown that the actual formation of &amp;#8220;street canyons&amp;#8221; occurs even with a low height of buildings along to the streets with heavy traffic. It has been shown that a statistically significant increase of NOx content by 20&amp;#8211;50% on the windward side compared to the leeward with buildings height comparable to the width of streets. Besides statistical reliable correlation between emissions levels (assessed based on traffic data) and measured concentrations are observed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Identified patterns of air concentration in combination with GIS allow identifying areas with potential increased risk of exposure. This knowledge will help to plan urban territory in a sustainable way.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Evaluation of dynamics of atmospheric air pollution of the city center by emissions of the road transport using cartographic method

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
A.A. Dementyev ◽  
◽  
A.M. Tsurgan ◽  
N.V. Chudinin ◽  
D.A. Soloviev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
City Center ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The City ◽  
Heavy Traffic Conditions

When characterizing vehicle emissions, as a rule, the speed of traffic flows is not taken into account, which significantly reduces its accuracy. In this regard, the use of the cartographic method for assessing the speed of traffic flows on the tracks is quite reasonable and relevant. The assessment of the intra-annual dynamics of the intensity of traffic flows and emissions of the main components of exhaust gases by vehicles on the streets of the city of Ryazan and bypass roads using a cartographic method for recording the intensity of traffic flows was carried out. The study was conducted in 2018–2019 on the territory of Ryazan. The material used for the study was cartographic data published in free access on the website www.yandex.ru traffic jams. The length of traffic flows with a speed of 5-10 km / h (heavy traffic conditions – TTU) was determined at different times of the day on days of the week. The indicators of the average hourly length of heavy transport conditions were calculated. Bypass roads of the city were characterized by a significantly greater length of sections with TTU compared to the city streets from Tuesday to Thursday and Sunday (p<0.05). The increased complication of traffic conditions during morning and evening rush hours led to an average annual increase in emissions of the main components of vehicle exhaust gases of 17.7% and 14.9% respectively, with the largest increase in emissions being typical for the city center. At the same time, the maximum complication of transport conditions on the bypass roads was observed in the summer and spring (from Monday to Wednesday and Sunday), while on city highways - on working days in the autumn and weekends in winter. On the city streets, the greatest length of heavy traffic conditions during the morning rush hour was observed in winter, and the shortest was in summer, while the evening rush hour, on the contrary, was most pronounced in autumn. On the bypass roads, there was a clear tendency towards heavier transport conditions over a longer period of the day according to the scheme winter–autumn–spring– summer.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in soils and mosses-epiphytes of the Leninsky district of the city Izhevsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (46) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Pleurozium Schreberi ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

The article presents the results of studies on the assessment of heavy metal pollution of soils and epiphytes in of the city of Izhevsk. Objects of research: soils of near-trunk circles of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) and epiphytic moss of Schreber's pleurotium (Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. Ex Brid.) Mitt.). To assess the pollution, the magnetic susceptibility of soils and mosses was determined, as well as the average total content of heavy metals in the samples under study. The relationship between the content of heavy metals and the magnetic susceptibility of soils and epiphytes has been determined. A correlation was revealed between the total content of Zn, Cr, Fe, V in soils and in mosses, which indicates air pollution of soils. Keywords: MAGNETIC SENSITIVITY, HEAVY METALS, MOSSES-EPIPHYTES, AIR POLLUTION

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