scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of urban runoff injection on groundwater Enhancement in a semi-arid environment using SWMM and MOFLOW Model

2021 ◽  

<p>In the urban area, surface runoff can be utilized effectively to improve groundwater table through rainwater harvesting. The main aims of this study were to:1) investigate the potential of the surface runoff to inject into Urmia aquifer and increase groundwater recharge of this aquifer using SWMM - MOFLOW Model, 2) to investigate the quality of the urban runoff for aquifer recharge, and 3) to investigate the feasibility and effeteness of the artificial recharge via injection wells in a semi-arid area. Urmia city with an area of 930 Km2 is located at the West of the Urmia Lake in the North-West of Iran. The study aquifer has a negative groundwater budget, while some of the sub basin in the study watershed is prone to flood in the falling season. In this study, based on the location of surcharged channels, the quantity of rechargeable surface runoff to inject into the aquifer was estimated via SWMM model. Calibrated MODFLOW model was applied to predict the potential effects of the injectable water runoff on the groundwater surface. Estimated runoff by SWMM model was used as the input of the MODFLOW model. The quantity of the heavy metals (Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Pb and Cu2+) TDS and pH were measured to control runoff quality. According to the results, 1.12 million cubic meters (MCM) per year of runoff can be injected to the aquifer via 9 designed injection wells. This amount is equivalent to the annual loss of the aquifer (about 20 centimeters per year) that can ensure the stability of the aquifer in the injection area.</p>

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 7711-7721 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Boisson ◽  
D. Villesseche ◽  
M. Baisset ◽  
J. Perrin ◽  
M. Viossanges ◽  
...  

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dilshad ◽  
JA Motha ◽  
LJ Peel

Most soils suitable for dryland agriculture in north-west Australia occur in the Daly Basin. These are sesquioxidic soils which include red, yellow and grey earths, and soils related to yellow and red earths. The potential, for these arable soils to be degraded by highly erosive rainfalls, common to the region, is high. Farming practices strongly influence the soil surface characteristics (vegetation cover, roughness, soil strength), which in turn control surface runoff, and sediment detachment and transport. In studies conducted during 1984-89 in the Daly Basin, conventionally tilled catchments, produced 1.5-2 times more runoff and lost 1.5-6 times more soil than their no-tillage counterparts (all catchments were within soil conservation banks). In these conventionally tilled catchments, soil loss was <8.1 t/ha.year. Other studies in the region have shown that, without soil conservation banks, soil loss can be around 100/ha.year under conventional tillage. Little work, however, has been undertaken on farms in the Australian semi-arid tropics to study the movement of nutrients and herbicides (in ionic and adsorbed forms) and further research is warranted.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Medjber Abdellah ◽  
Berkane Fatiha

The Northwest of Algeria, characterized by a semi-arid climate has seen in recent decades its surface and ground water potential decrease due to the scarcity of rainfall. Demographic pressure has increased the difficulties in the management of water resources, leading to problems of water scarcity in several areas of the country, especially in low-rainfall areas. From the hydrogeological point of view, the study area contains many karstic springs with great importance, which flows can exceed 50 l /s during flood periods. Aquifer recharge occurs primarily by rainwater.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the water balance of the karst aquifer situated near the city of Saida (North-West of Algeria) and to follow its evolution on several decades. In this region, the karst groundwater is important for drinking water supply, irrigation and industrial units.This approach to assessment will be based on the water balance equation by involving precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration and groundwater flow. The total volume of the groundwater reserves obtained from the balance method represent 45 million m3. These reserves have decreased with time.


2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 2083-2087
Author(s):  
Quan Quan ◽  
Wan Luo ◽  
Bing Shen ◽  
Gao Feng Zhang ◽  
Li Yuan Dong

Increasing impermeable surface area has become a serious burden for drainage of urban stormwater. It is thus important to know how much surface runoff may be generated by storms of varying intensity and duration, especially on a continual daily basis. In this paper, the field hydrology model-DRAINMOD was used to simulate daily surface runoff under different surface condition in Xi’an, China. As a major hydrological components in DRAINMOD, daily evapotranspirations were calculated with the FAO Penman-Monteith method and read into the model. Infiltration parameters were considered as calibration factors in the modeling process. Available data from a local rainfall-runoff experiment were used for model calibration by matching the model predicted surface runoff with the measured values on an event basis. The calibrated model was then used for long term simulations in order to examine the impact of varying climatic conditions and land cover on urban runoff. The modeling results may provide a practical guidance for city storm water management.


2020 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Aleksei Lupachev ◽  
Petr Danilov ◽  
Marta Ksenofontova ◽  
Evgeny Lodygin ◽  
Anna Usacheva ◽  
...  

The concentration of main organic and inorganic pollutants (heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, radionuclides) in surface waters and in water-soil solutions was analysed on three keysites within the permafrost zone: Tazovsky Peninsula (North-West Siberia), Kolyma Lowland (North Yakutia) and adjacent to Yakutsk (Central Yakutia). In the majority of sampling points that are not directly impacted by human activity, the pollutants accumulate in the uppermost organogenic and organo-mineral horizons of natural soils. At the human-affected keysites the major pollutants may accumulate not only in the superficial horizons of the disturbed soils due to the surface runoff but also in the central parts of the profile, in the material buried by cryogenic, solifluction or fluvial processes and in some cases – in the suprapermafrost horizons and in the upper layer of permafrost transported via suprapermafrost water runoff.


Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Sheridan ◽  
C. J. Rosewell

The impact of raindrops on the soil surface and surface water runoff are two of the agents of soil detachment and sediment transport. The magnitude of these erosion processes is a function of the erosive potential, or erosivity of a rainstorm. The erosivity of rainfall is commonly quantified using the R factor developed for the universal soil loss equation. R is the average of the annual sum of the individual storm erosivity values and can be estimated from published relationships between the storm energy and the rainfall intensity. Currently the most likely source of R-values in Victoria is a hand-drawn contour map produced more than 20 years ago by an expert panel and published in an out-of-print handbook. A new R-value contour map for Victoria is presented, developed from current empirical relationships between rainfall intensity–frequency–duration and R. The R contours vary in value across the state by about a factor of 4, from <800 MJ.mm/ha.h.year in the north-west, to >2700 MJ.mm/ha.h.year in the eastern ranges. The new map improves the resolution and accuracy of erosivity values for Victoria, especially in steeper, forested areas, and will assist in the prediction and modelling of erosion and water quality.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Fonteh Athanasius Amungwa

This paper examines the impact of community education and challenges facing Centres for Education and Community Action as a rural development strategy in Cameroon. The study was conducted in the North-West Region of Cameroon, employing field observations, semi-structured interviews with key informants using a convenient sampling technique and through elaborate review of documents. These research instruments were blended into what is termed triangulation and the data collected was analysed descriptively. The main focus of qualitative analysis is to understand the ways in which people act and the accounts that people give for their actions. This paper posits that extreme dependence on the provision of Western formal education cannot solve the problems of a rapidly changing society like Cameroon, which is facing a long-term economic crisis and persistent unemployment issues of graduates. Consequently, education should be redefined in the context of the prevailing economic crisis to make it responsive to the aspirations of rural communities. Findings showed that community education had contributed towards rural development immensely but has suffered many challenges due to neglect of the field in the policy agenda. This paper recommends the integration of community education with formal education to facilitate group and community betterment in particular and rural transformation in general.


Author(s):  
Cristian Epifanio Toledo ◽  
João Carlos Mohn Nogueira ◽  
Alexandre De Amorim Camargo

The objective of this work was to propose and evaluate a model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin, fundamental components in the hydrological studies of the region, such as in the verification of hydrological connectivity. The study area was the Orós Reservoir Basin, located in the state of Ceará. The modeling of transit water loss and surface runoff were developed based on the work of Araújo and Ribeiro (1996) and Peter et al. (2014). In the proposed model, the parameter of loss in transit (k) was estimated at 0.027 km-1 for a section of the river basin, and when simulated for other stretches it provided good flow results at the end of the stretch, obtaining an NSE of 82%. The value of the runoff coefficient was estimated at 3% and when evaluating a spatial variation of this coefficient in the basin, the values varied from 2% to 12%, and the use of specialized runoff coefficient (RC) values promoted a higher NSE in the discharge simulation in the basin. It is concluded that the proposed model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff demonstrated a high efficiency in the simulation of hydrological processes. The basin of Orós reservoir presented a high variability of the coefficient of surface runoff, justifying the need for a greater spatiality of this coefficient in heterogeneous environments.


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