scholarly journals Motivation Differences between Youth Single-Sport, Multi-Sport, and Single-Sport Specialized Athletes in the Western United States

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Kyle L. Crouch ◽  
Abigail Larson ◽  
Mark DeBeliso

The motivation for youth sport involvement may differ for single-sport (non-specialists), multi-sport, and single-sport specialized athletes. To investigate differences between adolescent single-sport athletes (NSSA), multi-sport athletes (MSA), and single-sport specialized athletes (SSSA) on measures of sport enjoyment and motivation. A secondary aim was to compare these variables between age groups. Adolescent sport participants in 6th, 7th, and 8th grade from the Western United States (n=306, age=13.0±1.0 yrs) completing the Sources of Enjoyment in Youth Sport Questionnaire (SEYSQ) that assesses sport enjoyment in the subscales of self-referenced competency (SRC), other-referenced competency and recognition (ORCR), effort expenditure (EE), competitive excitement (CE), affiliation with peers (AP), and positive parental involvement (PPI). The participants also reported their age, gender, grade, years of sport participation and sport status (NSSA, MSA, SSSA). SSSA reported significantly more enjoyment in all subscales except PPI when compared to NSSA (p<0.05; ES 0.4 – 0.99). MSA and SSSA showed significant differences in the subscales of SRC and EE; however, effect size was small (0.37 and 0.33, respectively). Overall scores for intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were significantly lower among NSSA compared to MSA and SSSA (p<0.01) with no differences between MSA and SSSA (p>0.05). Results revealed no significant differences in the SEYSQ’s subscales for age (p>0.05). Within the parameters of this study, adolescents that specialize in a single sport or those who compete in multiple sport both rely on intrinsic and extrinsic sources of enjoyment for motivation in very similar ways; whereas adolescent NSSA are less motivated and experience less enjoyment from sport participation compared to MSA and SSSA. Keywords: adolescent, enjoyment, SEYSQ, motivation, sport psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Wendling ◽  
Meredith Flaherty ◽  
Michael Sagas ◽  
Kyriaki Kaplanidou

In this exploratory study, we first intended to identify the underlying structure of components affecting the sport participation of 1258 elite youth athletes from the USA through a principal component analysis of 23 items related to motives and barriers to participation and created for this study. A six-component solution was proposed, including college and professional aspirations and competence beliefs, coach and peer relationships, pressures from parents and coach, intrinsic and self-determined extrinsic motivation, external barriers, and non–self-determined extrinsic motivation. Noteworthy differences by age, gender, and race on those retained components were also reported. Lastly, results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that 28% of the variance in sport enjoyment was explained by all retained components. Given the rapid growth of travel teams, this study provides a timely cross-sectional and multisport assessment of the state of elite youth sport in the USA. In consideration of optimistic outcomes observed in this study compared to alarming attrition trends commonly found in the elite youth sport environment, this study may serve as a reference as to the elements that influence sustained participation that is indispensable in today's youth sport landscape. Results also provided important theoretical contributions with respect to motivational processes underlying elite sport participation. Practical implications with regards to the influence of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and barrier elements on elite sport participation are also presented.


2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philomena B. Ikulayo ◽  
Johnson A. Semidara

This article discusses unorthodox sport psychology practices typical with Nigerian athletes, which differ from Western mainstream practice models. These practices are specific Nigerian cultural approaches to sport psychology and are based on two broad types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The intrinsic aspects include prayers, chanting of songs, verbalization of incantations, psyching verses, and juju and spirits in motivational processes. The extrinsic strategies include praise singing, audience verbalization, drumming effects, persistent silent audiences’ effects, and presence of important persons as spectators or part of the audience. The article concludes with the hope that some of these unique practice strategies will be further researched and will be viable for adoption by athletes in other nations of the world who believe in their power so that multicultural practices can help advance the field of sport psychology.


2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haralambos Tsorbatzoudis ◽  
Konstantinos Alexandres ◽  
Panagiotis Zahariadis ◽  
George Grouios

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad D. Endres ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
Rebecca L. Stearns ◽  
William M. Adams ◽  
Yuri Hosokawa ◽  
...  

Context Sudden death in sport at the high school and collegiate levels has been described extensively in the literature. However, few epidemiologic data exist on the incidence of sudden death specifically in American youth sport before secondary school athletics. Objective To describe the epidemiology of sudden death in organized youth sports in the United States from 2007 through 2015. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting Organized American youth sports. Patients or Other Participants Cases of sudden death that occurred in youth athletes 17 years of age and younger in non-high school organized sports were included. Data Collection and Analysis Information on sudden deaths between August 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, was obtained via LexisNexis and other publicly available news or media reports. Total youth sport participation rates from 2007 to 2015 were provided by the Sport & Fitness Industry Association. Athlete age, sex, sport, level of play, event type, date of death, setting, and official and speculated causes of death were examined. Data are presented as deaths per year, percentage of total sudden deaths, and deaths per 10 million participants. Results From 2007 to 2015, 45 sudden deaths were reported in American youth sports. The mean age of patients was 13 ± 2 years. The overall incidence rate was 1.83 deaths/10 million athlete-years. Males experienced a greater number of sudden deaths than females (n = 36/45, 80%). Basketball had the highest number of sudden deaths from 2007 to 2015, with a total of 16 occurrences. The most frequent cause of sudden death was cardiac related (n = 34/45, 76%). Most sudden deaths occurred during practices (n = 32/45, 71%). Conclusions Sudden deaths in organized youth sports in the United States from 2007 through 2015 were most often experienced during practices by males, were cardiac related, and occurred while playing basketball. These findings are similar to those in high school and collegiate sports. This study affirms the need for further epidemiologic research into sudden deaths at the organized youth sport level.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-39
Author(s):  
Tarrah Whitehead

Existing research on leadership and motivation generally focuses on how leadership styles impact employee motivation with little consideration of how the employee’s characteristics can influence their preference in a leader. Motivational profiles comprising concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and employee preferences towards transformational or transactional leadership styles were examined. Seventeen Millennials who have entered the workforce in the Western United States participated in a screening questionnaire and interview process designed answer research questions 1) How do Millennials in the Western United States describe their motivational profile once they have entered the workforce? and 2) How do Millennials who have entered the workforce in the Western United States describe their preferred leadership style? A thematic analysis revealed that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are significant predictors of transformational and transactional leadership style preferences. Findings provide merit in both academic and organizational sectors. The findings contribute empirical evidence and practical value. Thus, these results can influence more informed leadership decisions to recruit, retain, and motivate Millennials in the workforce. Keywords: Leadership, Motivation, Millennials, Organizational Development, Human Resources.


Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Pharr ◽  
Nancy L. Lough ◽  
Angela M. Terencio

Regular physical activity and sport participation have been shown to improve women’s health; however, research has found that better health is associated with sport participation. Little is known about the sociodemographic determinants of physical activity among women, especially among the different subcategories of physical activity (sport, conditioning exercise, recreation, and household tasks). Because of the added health benefits associated with sport participation, the purpose of this study was to examine the sociodemographic determinants among subcategories of physically active women in the United States by analyzing Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. We used data from the 2017 national BRFSS survey to conduct this secondary data analysis. Participants were asked an extensive set of questions about their physical activity. Seventy-six different activities were identified and categorized as either sport, recreation, conditioning exercise, or household tasks. Weighted descriptive statistics were performed to describe the sociodemographic determinants of the four physical activity subcategories, including age, income, education, employment, and race/ethnicity. There were significant differences in all sociodemographic variables among the four subcategories of physical activity. Women who participated in sport were more likely to be in the younger age groups; however, physical activity declined among all subcategories beyond the age of 64. Women who participated in sports were more diverse, likely to be employed, and college graduates compared to the other subcategories. Women who participated in recreational or household tasks were more likely to meet the criteria to be categorized as highly active; however, they exercised at a lower intensity. The sociodemographic characteristics of physical activity and sport participation can be used to create promotional strategies to increase physical activity and improve fitness and health among women who tend towards participation, and also to change programs to accommodate women from other sociodemographic groups.


1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
Carol L. PHILLIPS

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Youth sport has much to offer children and society when it is organized and conducted in the best interest or children. While more than 20 million children are involved in youth sport through sport agencies and local service organizations in the United States, educators, physicians, and psychologists have been hesitant to encourage competitive opportunities for children younger than 12. This article addresses youth sport reviewing the purpose of organized, formal sport opportunities for young children, problems associated with young children's sport as it is promoted by parents and interested laypersons, and potential modifications in sport for youth age 5-12 provided by community sponsored organizations. Studies in youth sport indicates that the handling of early sport participation by parents and coaches, rather than the participation experience itself, determines the outcome of organized youth sport experiences.在美國有兩千多萬少年兒童參加地方體育服務組織和社會代理機構組織的體育活動。當敎育家、醫生和心理學家還在猶豫是否應該為十二歲以下兒童提供競賽機會的時候,他們的父母和一些感興趣的外行人就一直在為此積極奔走。本文總結回顧了美國的少年體育、競賽活動的組織及組織形式的問題,以及探討在贊助圑體提供的五至十二歲兒童的競賽活動中進行改進的可行性。


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Jimmy Sanderson ◽  
Katie Brown

COVID-19 has dramatically altered and disrupted sport in unprecedented ways, and youth sports is one sector that has been profoundly impacted. In the United States, the youth sports industry generates $19 billion dollars annually, while youth sport tourism is estimated at $9 billion annually. With youth sports at a standstill, the effect on the youth sports infrastructure is significant. The purpose of this scholarly commentary was to discuss the psychological, developmental, and economic fallout from the stoppage of youth sports that has touched millions of participants, their families, and a substantial youth sports structural system. This work also addresses the potential restructuring of youth sport megacomplexes, cascading effects of canceled seasons, likely sponsorship losses, and potential growing socioeconomic divide in participation that could result from the pandemic. Thus, there is still much uncertainty about the future of youth sport participation and subsequent adjustments that may impact established participation and consumption norms.


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