scholarly journals Problems of biotic and landscape diversity conservation in the Ukrainian Carpathians highlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
V. Kyyak ◽  
◽  
T. Mykitchak ◽  
O. Reshetylo ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction. The highlands of the Ukrainian Carpathians belong to the territories with the highest concentration of rare species and coenotic diversity in Ukraine. Due to highland ecosystem transformation, a large number of populations and communities of rare species are under the threat of degradation and elimination. Climate change. At present, effective growth and development of plants begins 2–3 weeks earlier compared to the 1980–90s. Sharp seasonal distribution of precipitation causes negative changes in the highland water-body hydrology regime affecting freshwater populations of plankton crustaceans and amphibians. Demutative successions. During the first 10–20 years of the succession its influence on the structure and vitality of the majority of rare species populations is mostly positive, but 30–40 year-long demutations usually cause negative dynamics. Overgro­wing results in the simplification of spatial structure and fragmentation, as well as decreasing of population density, disappearing of rare species from the community structure. Active protection measures should be locally implemented in protected territories: traditional type of grazing, mowing, and shrub or tree cutting in the cases of protection of extremely rare phytocoenoses and populations. Anthropogenic impact. Intensive recreation pressure causes digressive changes in numerous communities, which are located along the popular tourist paths to the glacial lakes, mountain summits etc. Unfortunately, the systematic violation of the protection regime in the highland zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians is obvious nowadays. Gathering medicinal and ornamental species poses a serious threat. Uncontrolled increase in the number of recreants in the highland areas for the last 5 years has destroyed its aquatic ecosystems more than in the previous 30–40 years. Usage of vehicles for recreation purposes (4×4, quads and motorcycles) refers to significant destructive factors for highland ecosystems. Protection measures. Population conservation and revival of communities is usually possible under the condition of moderate and short-term anthropogenic pressure. The visiting regime of the most popular highland sites must be put under control immediately, while mass ascensions must be completely forbidden.

Author(s):  
K. V. Zhulenko

Introduction. The Sinyukha river basin, in particular its southern part, is an area with a high level of anthropogenic pressure and a significant level of agricultural development (the proportion of agricultural land is more than 80%), with fragmented natural habitats. Detailed chorological study is needed to supplement the pattern of the distribution of rare plant species, to develop measures for their conservation, to optimize the existing network of protected areas in the region.Рurpose of the study isto analyze the current distribution and describe new finds of some rare plant species in the southern part of the Sinyukha river basin.Methods. The research was conducted in April-June 2021. We surveyed the area of the Sinyukha river valley from the village of Kalamazovo (Vilshansky district, Kirovohrad region) to its confluence with the Southern Bug River in Pervomaisk (Mykolayiv region), as well as – the valleys of its tributaries – Chorny Tashlyk, Malyi Tashlyk and Sukhyi Tashlyk. When locating a rare species, the plants were photographed and georeferenced at a point with GPS-navigator. Species cover is given according to the Broun-Blanquet scale. The distribution maps were performed by free QGIS software.Results.We revealed new and confirmed known localities of 20 rare species:Adonis vernalis, Asplenium septentrionale, Astragalus dasyanthus, A. odessanus, Bellevalia sarmatica, Clematis integrifolia, Crocus reticulatus, Dianthus hypanicus, Ephedra distachya, Hyacinthella leucophaea, Iris pontica, Iris pumila, Ornithogalum boucheanum, Pulsatilla pratensis, Primula veris, Sedum borissovae, Stipa capillata, S. lessingiana, S. pennata, Tulipa hypanica. Among the 20 identified rare species one has the category VU (Vulnerable) in the IUCN red list and belongs to the list of Resolution 6 of the Berne Convention; three species are narrowly local endemics of the Dnieper Upland; 11 are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine (5 of them have the status vulnerable, 1 – rare, 5 – insufficiently known); 5 species are regionally rare in Kirovohrad and 8 – in Mykolayiv regions. Most of the revealed species have a cover less than 5%. Only 9 of the 20 registered rare species characterized by more than five localities within the studied area. Originality. New localities of 20 rare species of plants of different levels of protection have been revealed. Prospects for conservation valuableof their habitats are offered.Conclusion. We have identified a significant number of new localities of rare plant species that are not covered by proper protection. This indicates the need for more detailed chorological research to elucidate the current distribution of rare species and the creation of new protected areas. Key words:rare species; threat category; red lists; natural habitats; chorology.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Hordoir ◽  
Lars Axell ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Christian Dieterich ◽  
Filippa Fransner ◽  
...  

Abstract. We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic & North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialised countries, the Baltic and North seas, and their assets associated with shipping, fishing and tourism; are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts, and enabling climatic studies, are important tools for the shipping infrastructure and to get a better understanding of effects of climate change on the marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended to come as a tool for both short term and long term simulations, and to be used for ocean forecasting as well as process and climatic studies. Here, the scientific and technical choices within Nemo-Nordic are introduced, and the reasons behind the design of the model and its domain, and the inclusions of the two seas, are explained. The model's ability to represent barotropic and baroclinic dynamics, as well as the vertical structure of the water column, is presented. Biases are shown and discussed. The short term capabilities of the model are presented, and especially its capabilities to represent sea level on an hourly timescale with a high degree of accuracy. We also show that the model can represent longer time scale, with a focus on the Major Baltic Inflows and the variability of deep water salinity in the Baltic Sea.


2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SAGAR ◽  
J.S. SINGH

The dry tropical ecosystems are among the world's most threatened, and the dry deciduous forest of northern India is being progressively converted to scrub, savannah and grasslands through industrialization, agriculture, fuelwood collection, lopping of trees for fodder and severe grazing/browsing. This habitat destruction threatens the survival of many species. This study examined the demographic instability of tree species in 3-ha permanent plots: at five sites differing in the degree of disturbance. Based on the proportion of seedlings of a species in its total population (seedling + sapling + adults), about 52% of the total 65 species exhibited local demographic instability, and at one or more sites a single individual represented 10 species. The increase in the proportion of declining species with increase in disturbance intensity indicated that local anthropogenic pressure is responsible for the depletion. Apart from stronger protection measures, it is necessary to encourage fuelwood plantations, develop village pastures and reduce livestock numbers.


Author(s):  
Oleg Morozov ◽  
Olga Markova

The Onega Peninsula is located in the north-west of Russia in the Arkhangelsk Region, juts out into the White Sea, is located in an area of a transitional climate from an oceanic to a continental temperate climatic zone, belongs to the central sector of the northern taiga zone. The flora and fauna of the peninsula are very diverse. A significant part of natural complexes is highly preserved and is ideal for biosphere monitoring. In connection with intensive industrial logging on the peninsula, there is a need to identify rare species of living organisms and determine measures for their protection. The article provides data on the finds of habitats of 11 rare species discovered by the author during field routes along the Lyamitsky landscape in the period from 2009 to 2020. Finds of 10 out of 11 species have not been previously published. In 2020, the state of a group of individuals of 1 of 11 species that had not yet formed a stable population was reexamined, the find of which was previously published. This species (derbyanka spikate) is new for the Arkhangelsk and all adjacent regions and needs to be entered into the Red Book of the Arkhangelsk Region, which includes the remaining 10 species. 4 species of them are also included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The finds of the species belong to the lands of different purposes: to the forbidden zone of forests and to the lands of the forest fund leased by a logging company. The article discusses the number of discovered species and such a limiting factor as logging. The assessment of the feasibility of measures for the protection of species has been carried out. It was revealed that some of them (splachnums) increase in number due to felling, the number of others is not threatened by felling (common viper, etc.), to preserve the number of the third, special protection measures are required (pulmonary lobaria, truncated horn, etc.). The information obtained is processed cartographically using geoinformation technologies and can be used to replenish the database of the Red Book species and to organize their protection.


Author(s):  
A. I. Kovtonyuk ◽  
I. P. Didenko ◽  
A. A. Kuzemko

On the territory of the garden and park landscapes of the Middle Pobuzhzhia 31 species of higher vascular plants that have national or regional protection status have been revealed or cited in literature. Of these, 9 species are listed in the current edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine, 10 species have regional protection status in Vinnytsia region and 20 species in Cherkasy region. National Dendrological Park «Sofiyivka» NAS of Ukraine has the largest number of species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine (8 species): Tulipa quercetorum, Euonymus nana, Scopolia carniolica, Allium ursinum, Pulsatilla pratensis, Pulsatilla patens, Trapa natans, Epipactis helleborine, Neottia nidus-avis. Only by one rare species were revealed in the Pechersky (Scopolia carniolica), Sokiletsky (Pulsatilla pratensis), Verkhivsky (Trapa natans) and Kryzhopilsky (Epipactis helleborine) parks. Phytoindication assessment of the identified localities showed that the most of them are on the border or even outside their ecological-coenotic amplitude by one or more factors, which indicates their vulnerability to external influences. Currently, the greatest threat to the existence of species at present is the recreational load, so according to the Law on the Red Data Book of Ukraine, they all need proper protection measures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2248-2261
Author(s):  
Larisa S. KOROBEINIKOVA ◽  
Mariya V. TKACHEVA ◽  
Vyacheslav V. KOROTKIKH

Subject. The environmental concept has become one of the main objectives in the field of sustainable development of management system. Along with a corporation’s financial sustainability, environmental and social sustainability constitute the modern notion of an economic entity’s sustainable development. The successful development of a corporation is possible, if there is an equilibrium in all areas of economic entity’s operations. Objectives. This paper investigates the complex interactions of financial and environmental performance at the corporate level. The aim is to develop a methodological approach to predictive analysis of corporate environmental and financial performance, focused on short-term oriented management forecasts. Methods. The predictive analysis of environmental and financial processes suggests the use of a large number of performance indicators. A statistical model based on a matrix predictor combining econometric and multidimensional prediction methods became the basis of our methodological approach to predictive analysis. In the empiric section, we present a predictive analysis for the environmental and financial performance of AO Minudobreniya. Results. We developed a methodological approach to the predictive analysis of corporate environmental and financial performance to identify potential risk areas and further plan preventive measures to ensure the desired level of economic sustainability. Conclusions. The findings can be useful for solving a number of specific problems related to information, organizational and methodological support to both a sustainable performance predictive analysis and formation of relevant information for stakeholders about the level of effectiveness of environmental protection measures.


Crustaceana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich H. Rudolph

The family Parastacidae is represented in Chile by the genera Samastacus Riek, 1971, Parastacus Huxley, 1879, and Virilastacus Hobbs, 1991, and includes a total of six species. Its geographical distribution ranges from coastal areas to the Andean mountains, between the river Aconcagua (32°55′S 71°30′W) and the Taitao peninsula (46°30′S 74°30′W). These six species are: Samastacus spinifrons (Philippi, 1882), Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835), P. nicoleti (Philippi, 1882), Virilastacus araucanius (Faxon, 1914), V. rucapihuelensis Rudolph & Crandall, 2005 and V. retamali Rudolph & Crandall, 2007. All six species are endemic to Chile, with the exception of S. spinifrons which also inhabits Argentina and is the only species that inhabits lentic and lotic waters. The other five species are burrowers, inhabiting underground waters in semi-marshland zones where they build relatively complex burrows of varying depths. Present knowledge on the biology of these parastacids relates to: (a) taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships, (b) type and duration of embryonic and post-embryonic development, and (c) sexual system. Fragmentary studies have also been carried out on: (a) burrow morphology, (b) some physical/chemical parameters of water inside the burrows, (c) reproductive biology, and (d) aquaculture. These species are currently under threat, as a result of strong anthropogenic pressure which causes degradation of their respective habitats and, in some cases, such as S. spinifrons and P. pugnax, due to overexploitation as a human food source. Furthermore, in Chile there is no legislation to regulate the extraction, trade and transport of specimens. Only S. spinifrons is of interest for aquaculture purposes, in view of certain advantageous biological characteristics in comparison to other burrowing species. Nevertheless, certain intrinsic characteristics of parastacids, i.e., low fecundity and growth rate, late sexual maturity, very prolonged ovarian and embryonic development, together with deterioration of respective habitats and, in some species, overexploitation, have resulted in these species being classified as endangered Considering the aforementioned, it is important to study the life history, ecology and behaviour of each of these species, with the aim of compiling information that will permit the proposal and implementation of effective protection measures that, in turn, will ensure their conservation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Hordoir ◽  
Lars Axell ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Christian Dieterich ◽  
Filippa Fransner ◽  
...  

Abstract. We present Nemo-Nordic, a Baltic and North Sea model based on the NEMO ocean engine. Surrounded by highly industrialized countries, the Baltic and North seas and their assets associated with shipping, fishing and tourism are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Ocean models providing reliable forecasts and enabling climatic studies are important tools for the shipping infrastructure and to get a better understanding of the effects of climate change on the marine ecosystems. Nemo-Nordic is intended to be a tool for both short-term and long-term simulations and to be used for ocean forecasting as well as process and climatic studies. Here, the scientific and technical choices within Nemo-Nordic are introduced, and the reasons behind the design of the model and its domain and the inclusion of the two seas are explained. The model's ability to represent barotropic and baroclinic dynamics, as well as the vertical structure of the water column, is presented. Biases are shown and discussed. The short-term capabilities of the model are presented, especially its capabilities to represent sea level on an hourly timescale with a high degree of accuracy. We also show that the model can represent longer timescales, with a focus on the major Baltic inflows and the variability in deep-water salinity in the Baltic Sea.


Oryx ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Bannikov ◽  
L. V. Zhirnov

With a total population estimated at under 500, mostly living in forests that are constantly under threat of felling, the Bokharan deer or hangu1 is in serious danger of extinction. This is a red deer subspecies confined to the Turkmenistan —Afghanistan frontier region, and closely akin to the Kashmir hangul described in Oryx, December 1970. In this survey Professor Bannikov and Dr Zhirnov summarise what is known about it and its present status, and point to the rgent need for active protection measures.


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