scholarly journals Geological and geomorphological research of mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska river: a historical aspect

2015 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Taras Klapchuk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Eastern Carpathians ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Phd Thesis

This article provides an overview of the scientific literature on the geological and geomorphological research of mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River. Basic scientific works on the history of research of relief and geology of the Eastern Carpathians and materials of geological and geomorphological research in Gorgany were analysed. Three historical stages were determined; studying of the relief of the mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River was revealed and current trends of the geomorphological researches in the present time were outlined. We determined such historical stages of research in the region: the prewar (XIX century – 1930s), the postwar (1940–1980s) and present (from 1990s). In the prewar period, detailed studies in the mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River were not conducted. Geological studies were dominated, geological maps were compiled and the general features of the relief of the Eastern Carpathians were studied, morphological studies mostly dominated. Problems of the origin and the history of relief of some regions of the Carpathians were breached. During the postwar period, geological structure and relief of the Ukrainian Carpathians and their certain regions were studied detail. Morphostructural, morphodynamic and morphogenetic investigations were held, detailed geological and tectonic scheme of division of the region and scheme of geomorphological zoning were developed. It was connected with the functioning of geological research institutions and researches led by professionals from the Lviv and Chernivtsi universities. Comprehensive expedition for large-scale geological and geomorphological mappings and studying of a spread of modern morphodynamic processes was conducted in the mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River. Lviv Geological Expedition in 1966–1970 and the research group of the Department of Geomorphology of Lviv University led by Professor P. Tsys and lecturer D. Stadnytskyi in 1965–1969 collected most of the factual material about the geological and geomorphological structure of the studied basin. The characteristic of morphology and genesis of relief and the first geomorphological zoning of the studied basin contained in D. Stadnytskyi’s PhD thesis “Geomorphology of Gorgany” (1963). The present stage of studying of geology and relief of mountainous part of basin Bystrica Nadvirnianska River is characterized by the introduction of ecological approach. Morphodynamic processes and drainage basins are investigated; engineering-geological and geomorphologicalecological analyses are performed in the Carpathian region. There are quite detail descriptions of the relief and morphodynamic processes in investigated basin, its morphostructural and morphosculptural features, history of relief development, and detail geomorphological zoning in Ya. Kravchuk’s monograph “Geomorphology of the Skyb Carpathians” (2005) and R. Slyvka's monograph “Geomorphology of the Vododil’no-Verhovynski Carpathians” (2001). At present stage, certain parts of the basin are studied for the environmental purposes, including detail geological and geomorphological researches, which are conducted in the Nature Reserve “Gorgany”. Nowadays the development of GIS-technologies and remote research methods create new opportunities and approaches for studying the relief of certain regions and its connection with nature management. Key words: historical stages, geological and geomorphological researches, Ukrainian Carpathians, basin of Bystrica Nadvirnianska River.

scholarly journals Formation of zemstvo statistics in the Ukrainian lands in the second half of the XIX century

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Shevtsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Statistical Surveys ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Government Statistics ◽  
Objective Indicators ◽  
Statistical Work ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article analyzes the preconditions for the formation and formation of such a phenomenon as zemstvo statistics on Ukrainian lands. A brief description of the history of the creation of zemstvos as local governments and the scope of their activities. The author emphasizes that the main source of funds for the activities of zemstvos were local fees, which were usually levied based on the value of real estate and its profitability. To do this, special statistical work had to be carried out. These circumstances determine the intensification of statistical surveys by zemstvos. Subsequently, the authorities began to conduct large-scale investigations into the economy and social development of the region. Zemsky statisticians were among the first to develop practical recommendations and tools for statistical research, striving to obtain the most accurate and objective indicators. The comparison of provincial statistical committees as a body of government statistics and similar zemstvo bodies in methods and directions of work is given. The author assesses the significance of the achievements of zemstvos for regional history, especially in the field of economics.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF HUMANISTIC IDEAS IN UKRAINIAN PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
N. Zlenko ◽  
◽  
R. Mnozhynska ◽  
S. Lysenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Rule ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Moral Rule ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Xvii Century ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The urgency of the research topic is necessity to understand the idea of humanism in Ukraine from its formation to development in new cultural and historical conditions. The purpose of the article is to study the formation and development of humanistic ideas in Ukrainian philosophical thought in the historical aspect. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: historical – to study the stages of development of humanistic ideas, analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, generalization and systematization – to formulate intermediate and final conclusions. The article highlights the meaning of the concept of "humanism". The preconditions for the formation of ideas of humanism are determined. It was found that the idea of humanism was preceded by the first moral rule of coexistence, which later in the history of philosophy was called talion. The main formation stages of humanistic ideas in the Ukrainian philosophical thought (the first – XIV-XVI centuries; the second – the second half of the XVI – the beginning of the XVII century; the third – the second half of the XVII century; the fourth – the second half of the XVII – the beginning of the XVIII century; fifth – XIX century, sixth – XX century, seventh – XXI century). Distinctive features of the humanistic ideas from talion and the "golden rule of morality" have been formed. Prospects for further scientific research in this area are seen in the study of the mechanisms of restoration of humanistic ideals in such social institutions as the family and school.

scholarly journals BISNIS KELUARGA MANGKUNEGARAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Birsyada ◽  
Wasino Wasino ◽  
Suyahmo Suyahmo ◽  
Hermanu Joebagio
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
The People ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

<p class="IIABSBARU">The history of economic development of Javanese community has experienced a very unique dynamic. In the XV and XVI centuries, trading tradition has been done by Javanese community along the north coastal of Java. But, the trading tradition getting dimmer in line with the strategy of economic centralization carried out by Sultan Agung prohibiting the people to trade in foreign countries. In the XIX century, that’s econdition is change, Mangkunegara IV restore the entrepreneurial tradition through various strategies. In addition, to restoring the entrepreneurial tradition of Javanese society, Mangkunegara IV also broke the old tradition of <em>kepriyayinan</em> (Javanese aristocrate) to want to do business, not just live in pleasure as breeds nobility or gentry class. Therefore, reviewing to the business strategy of Mangku­negaran IV becomes important, as part of the history of economic develop­ment Javanese community. By using the historical method and a multi­dimensional approach, through a variety of primary sources such as Mangku­negara IV literature, the study found that the Mangkunegaran IV’s business strategy conducted by building a centers of sugar cane farm and modernization of sugar factories on a large scale, so as to obtain additional revenue for the Mangkunegaran IV family. The successfull of his business, demonstrates to the Javanese nobility that he was a king who had a strong entrepreneurial spirit.</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;">***</p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;">Sejarah perkembangan ekonomi masyarakat Jawa mengalami dinamika yang sangat unik. Pada abad XV dan XVI, tradisi berdagang telah dilakukan oeh masyarakat Jawa di sepanjang pantai utara Jawa. Akan tetapi tradisi tersebut se­makin meredup seiring adanya strategi sentralisasi ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh Sultan Agung yang melarang rakyatnya berdagang ke manca negara. Pada abad XIX, Mangkunegara IV mengembalikan tradisi wirausahawan tersebut melalui berbagai strategi. Selain itu, Mangku­negara IV juga mendobrak tradisi “<em>kolot kepriyayinan</em>” Jawa agar mau melakukan bisnis, bukan hanya hidup dalam ke­senangan sebagai <em>trah</em> bangsawan. Karena itu, mengkaji strategi bisnis keluarga Mangkunegaran IV menjadi penting, sebagai bagian dari sejarah perkembangan ekonomi masyarakat Jawa. Dengan metode penelitian sejarah dan pendekatan multidi­mensional, melalui berbagai sumber primer seperti karya-karya sastra Mangkunegara IV, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategi bisnis keluarga Mangkunegaran IV dilakukan dengan membangun pusat-pusat perkebunan tebu dan modernisasi pabrik gula secara besar-besaran, sehingga memperoleh pen­dapatan tambahan bagi praja. Kesukses­an bisnis ini menunjukkan kepada para bangsawan Jawa bahwa dia adalah seorang raja yang memiliki jiwa <em>entrepreneur­ship </em>yang kuat.</p>

scholarly journals First Attempts to Ban Chemical Weapons

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-69
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Further Development

First attempts to ban chemical weapons (CW) as a method of warfare have been made since the second half of the XIX century. At the beginning of the XX century, several legal documents – declarations, protocols and conventions, forbidding the use of poisons, poisonous weapons, poisonous and asphyxiating gases and means of their delivery, have been adopted at the international level. But all these documents, including the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the 1925 Geneva Protocol, turned out to be useless and ineffective as a means of deterrence. They could prevent neither large-scale use of CW in World War I, nor their further development. Instead of the assistance to the prohibition of CW, in fact they assisted their legalization and further arms race. The article is dedicated to the history of first efforts to ban CW by international treaties. It describes in details the circumstances of the elaboration of these declarations, protocols and conventions in connection with other general security problems, their further adoption or breakdown. Special attention is paid to the attitude towards CW at the beginning of the XX century and their use as a means of pressure and propaganda

scholarly journals Interpretation of the concept «social Darwinism» in Western and Russian historiography of the late XIX - early XXI century

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Pavel Nicolaevich Mukhataev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Social Darwinism ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article discusses various meanings of social Darwinism from the late XIX century, when the term began to be used by scientists, to the twentieth - early twenty-first centuries. The author explores the historiography of the question about the influence of Charles Darwins work Origin of species on the emergence and development of the social Darwinism ideology. The author also discusses the question of Herbert Spensers contribution to the formation and development of this concept and the social-Darwinian ideology in general. The paper contains a comparative analysis of the term social Darwinism usage in the Russian and English languages. Several periods of social Darwinism phenomenon research are distinguished: pre-revolutionary, Soviet and Russian. Each of them has a number of features that directly affect image and understanding of social Darwinism. The author considers the interpretation of social Darwinism concept in the context of large-scale political changes, scientific discoveries, cultural changes in the nineteenth, twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The article shows an attempt to interpret the essence of such an ambivalent phenomenon in the history of social thought as social-Darwinist ideology through the research of the evolution of the scholars interpretation of social Darwinism.

scholarly journals Formation of hygiene and institutionalization of its teaching as an independent discipline of ­higher medical school in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-580
Author(s):  
A V Shulaev ◽  
A Yu Ivanov ◽  
R G Ivanova ◽  
A A Shikaleva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Separate Discipline ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

The introduction of the new University Charter and the era of large-scale reforms in the middle of the XIX century, the emergence of experimental methods of research, and at the same time, the remaining urgent issues of the spread of epidemic diseases made the opening of departments of hygiene acutely necessary. The process of formation and subsequent institutionalization of hygiene teaching as a discipline has not previously been comprehensively covered by researchers in Russian historiography. The possibility of identifying a number of unresolved systemically important tasks allowing to synthesize the main directions of the scientific study of the process of hygiene development in the historical and medical knowledge from an institutional perspective was realized in this article. The history of the organization of hygiene departments in Russia is the subject of many studies. And the publications of general historical medical monographs and textbooks often contain contradictory information that does not reflect some important details and peculiarities of the formation of the traditions of teaching this discipline, which were established in the second half of the XIX century. The result of the study was clarification of data on medical workers who became the first hygiene educators in Russia. It was determined that the regular teaching of hygiene as a separate discipline began in the second semester of the 18641865 academic year at the medical faculty of the Imperial Kazan University. The first teacher of hygiene in Russia was Professor of Kazan University Arkady Ivanovich Yakobii. It was also clarified that regular hygiene teaching at the Saint Petersburg Imperial Medico-Surgical Academy was established in November 1865. Ivan Maksimovich Sorokin was the first hygiene teacher at the Academy and the first head of the hygiene department. Alexey Petrovich Dobroslavin, who was previously considered the first head of the hygiene department, actually became the second head of the corresponding department, starting teaching only in 1872.

scholarly journals The history of teaching the Russian language in Lebanon: a chronological overview starting with the “Moscow school” of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society until present times

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-294
Author(s):  
Nataliya V. Semaan ◽  
Elena N. Demesheva ◽  
Tatiana V. Baher
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is dedicated to the history of teaching the Russian language in Lebanon from the end of the XIX century to present times. The authors tried to analyze how the pivotal historical moments of Russian-Lebanese relations influenced the conditions for teaching the Russian language in Lebanon. The article provides a brief description of the programs and methods used in various educational institutions for teaching Russian in Lebanon, depending on the form in which it was in demand for its functioning (at one stage or another). First as a language taught in some Moscow schools of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society, then as a language for preserving the Russian culture of the Diaspora initially formed by first wave immigrants and finally at the present stage, Russian as a foreign language or as a native language for bilingual children of compatriots living in Lebanon.

scholarly journals A HISTORICAL ASPECT OF CARRYING OUT OF THE “PUTINA” OPERATION BY INTERNAL AFFAIRS AGENCIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS THE MOST EFFICIENT EVENT AIMED AT COMBATING ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME RELATED TO ILLEGAL EXTRACTION AND CIRCULATION OF AQUATIC BIORESOURCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Anatoliy A. Skurtul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Internal Affairs

The organization and implementation of the operation “Fishing season” by the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation has deep historical roots. It began between the XX–XXI centuries, during a difficult economic situation in the country. Significant funds were allocated for its implementation. Considering the results of this large-scale operation, we can claim that the investment paid off. During the operation, close interaction between the internal affairs bodies and other state bodies was established. This experience can and should be used in modern conditions to counteract crime in the field of illegal extraction and trafficking of aquatic bioresources. Therefore, to ensure the economic and environmental security of the state in this area. Thus, the analysis of the historical experience of conduction of the operation “Fishing season” has shown its effectiveness. It was confirmed that there is a need to use this experience at the present stage. The ways of using this experience in the fight against economic and environmental crime in the field of illegal extraction and trafficking of aquatic bioresources are proposed.

scholarly journals NATURE-LEARNING AND GEO-ARCHEOLOGICAL ROUTES OF THE EASTERN PART OF LVIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-178
Author(s):  
Andrii Yatsyshyn ◽  
Roman Dmytruk ◽  
Andrii Havinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Geomorphological and geological features of the eastern part of Lviv have been analyzed. A new, extremely picturesque and informative tourist, recreational and geo-educational route has been developed, namely “Chatovi Rocks – Vynnykivske Lake –Medova Pechera”, which forms an extension of “Vysokyi Zamok – Chatovi rocks” tourist route. Picturesque relief, exposure of sediments of various ages and genesis, as well as rich archeological monuments occurring along the routecan perform educational, educational, cognitive, ecological, and aesthetic functions. Archaeological memorials, little known to the general public, are extremely valuable, too, because they illustrate the history of populating the city of Lviv and its neighborhood. Mostly inanimate objects located along the route are well accessible for exploration; however, today they are not very popular among Lviv residents. This is primarily due to the lack of proper infrastructure – marked trails, information stands, etc. Anthropogenic impact on the objects located along the proposed route is extremely diverse and large-scale. Some sites (such as Chatovi Rocks and Medova Pechera) are affected heavily, as they are actively used for hiking, mountaineering, etc. Others (for example, Zhupan and Lysivka archeological monuments) virtually do not experience it. The monuments of Mlynivtsi I and II are exposed to the greatest threat, up to complete destruction. They are endangered due to the extensive construction of a new sports and recreation complex, deployed around Vynnykivsky Lake. The refore, the condition of these facilities needs to be monitored continuously. On the other hand, the said complex will open up new prospects for the use of picturesque relief, complex geomorphological and geological structure of the eastern part of Lviv in the future recreational and geo-educational activities. There is no doubt that the new center of attraction, created by the sports and recreation complex, will increase the attendance of Vynnykivsky Forest Park. Therefore, the need to establish appropriate tourist, recreational, geo-educational infrastructure along “Chatovi Rocks – Vynnykivske Lake – Medova Pechera” route is obvious today. Key words: nature-learning and geo-archeological route; Upper Cretaceous marls; Neogene sands and sandstones; woods, travertines; archeological monuments.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of Russia and the German states in 1815-1837 in the context of customs reforms

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Maria Iliinichna Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
German States ◽  
Hanseatic League ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sustainable Trade ◽  
Xix Century

The object of this research is the trade relations between Russia and the German states after the Congress of Vienna, established in the conditions of the large-scale customs reforms. Such changes were substantiated by the provisions of the Final Act and the need for renewal of trade systems in accordance with the relevant requirements. The article examines the stages of trade relations prior to the creation of the German Customs Union, which led to fundamental changes in trade situation in the German space. The author also analyzes trade in the initial years of existence of the German Customs Union for assessing its effectiveness and role in foreign trade relations between the German states and Russia. The main conclusion consists in confirmation of the thesis on sustainable trade relations with Prussia as the key trade partner of Russia in the German space. This conclusion was made due to the absence of evidence in the available sources and historiography on trade relations with other German states, except scarce information on the trade with Hanseatic League. After the establishment of the German Customs Union, Prussia is still in the picture of the Russian foreign trade statistics, which testifies to its crucial role in the new union and international disregard of the German Customs Union in the initial years of its existence. The article may be valuable for the audience studying the economic history of Russia and the German states in the first half of the XIX century.

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