scholarly journals Strategic Environmental Planning for Deep Seabed Mining in the Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Parra O. ◽  
Marcos Quispe P. ◽  
Evelyn Paucara V. ◽  
Oscar Miranda Z. ◽  
Flor de María Gutierrez S.
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Effect Assessment ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Seabed Mining

Discussions approximately an environmental control method for deep seabed mining in the Area had been underway for some the years. Both states and scientists have known for such an environmental control method. In 2018, the International Seabed Authority has followed its first 5-year strategic plan, masking all elements of its mandate. This article examines the brand-new strategic plan integrates factors of an environmental control method and what is probably missing. It demonstrates that even as a few overlaps exist, there are numerous key gaps left via way of means of the modern strategic plan which will be stuffed via the way of means of an environmental control method. To operationalize those desires and objectives, development ought to be measurable; thus, objectives are set, reviews are assessed, and suitable responses are awarded. Many control equipment and toots are relevant for accomplishing environmental desires. To date, the ISA has taken into consideration marine spatial making plans in large part across the modern exploration settlement blocks. Other factors of environmental control, which include the necessities for baseline studies, effect assessment, post-effect tracking, and the remedy of dangerous consequences and extreme damage want to be carried out to assist well-described environmental desires and objectives. We advocate that this making plans be done for scales largethan man or woman blocks, through a Strategic Environmental Management Plan, to make certain sustainable use of ocean assets throughout the Area.

Concluding Remarks on Corporate Entity Involvement in Deep Seabed Mining

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Joanna Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
The Common ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Seabed Mining ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marine Environmental

The conclusion addresses the findings reached throughout this study on the role of private corporate actors in the deep seabed mining regime under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the impact of this upon realisation of the common heritage of mankind. It notes that the ISA is facing significant challenges in devising a workable payment mechanism that will deliver tangible benefits to humanity, while also ensuring sufficient marine environmental protections. The regime’s achievement of the common heritage will be dependent on the regulatory regime of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) fulfilling its potential, and implementing a comprehensive Mining Code to govern the life cycle of deep seabed mining operations. The study concludes by finding that, on balance, the regime is developing in a manner that may render it capable of realising its common heritage goals of securing communitarian benefits to humanity, alongside market-focused objectives. It also concludes that corporate participation may assist in achievement of the common heritage, to the extent that it may provide the commercial means for deep seabed mining to commence.

International Investment Protection in Deep Seabed Mining Beyond National Jurisdiction

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 890-929
Author(s):  
Joanna Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Exploratory Stage ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Seabed Mining

Abstract The deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction comprises almost three-quarters of the entire surface area of our oceans. It boasts an array of mineral resources, including valuable metals and rare earth elements. Acting under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the International Seabed Authority is responsible for regulating this area and granting mining contracts to allow investors to explore for and exploit deep seabed minerals. As yet, deep seabed mining activities have been confined to the exploratory stage. However, recently, there has been a marked growth in deep seabed investment by private corporate actors. As technology advances and commercial appetite increases, extraction of deep seabed minerals may soon commence. In this context, this article seeks to address crucial legal issues facing pioneers of deep seabed mining. What is the extent of investment protection within the existing regime? And are there dispute resolution options to enforce such protection?

The Deep Seabed beyond National Jurisdiction and the Rise of Mining Activities within it by Non-state Actors

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Joanna Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Seabed Mining ◽  
Technological Analysis

Chapter 2 addresses the importance of the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction and charts the rise in mining activities within it, drawing on scientific, geological and technological analysis, where appropriate, to place deep seabed mining in its broader context. In order to do so, Chapter 2 assesses the scope of the deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction (in contrast to the maritime zones under national jurisdiction, including the continental shelf). The chapter then examines the types of mineral resources that the deep seabed contains (including the potential for rare earth elements). Thereafter, the chapter explores the likely viability of deep seabed mining, both in terms of its impact on the marine environment, and in light of technological challenges and market prospects. Chapter 2 also provides an overview of the current extent of mining activities authorised by the International Seabed Authority (ISA).

scholarly journals ANÁLISE ESPACIAL DAS UNIDADES DE PAISAGEM DA RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA MARINHA MOCAPAJUBA, ZONA COSTEIRA DO NORDESTE PARAENSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-173
Author(s):  
Jones Remo Barbosa Vale ◽  
Tabilla Verena da Silva Leite ◽  
Elton Luis Silva da Silva ◽  
Jefferson Ferreira dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Extractive Reserve ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Landscape Units

A Reserva Extrativista Marinha Mocapajuba localiza-se no município de São Caetano de Odivelas, zona costeira do nordeste paraense. É uma unidade que se enquadra na categoria de uso sustentável, constitui-se em um espaço territorial destinado à exploração autossustentável e a conservação dos recursos naturais renováveis. O trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma análise espacial das unidades de paisagem da Resex Marinha Mocapajuba para fornecer subsídios para o planejamento ambiental e ordenamento territorial da unidade. Com base nos pressupostos teórico-metodológico geossistêmico e utilizando dados em formatos vetoriais e matriciais que foram processados em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica, fez-se o cruzamento das informações e obteve-se 7 unidades de paisagem, são elas: Geossistema da Planície Costeira com Campos; Geossistema da Planície Costeira com Manguezal; Geossistema da Planície Costeira com Ocupação Humana; Geossistema da Planície Costeira com Restinga; Geossistema dos Tabuleiros com Campos; Geossistema dos Tabuleiros com Capoeira e Solo Exposto; Geossistema dos Tabuleiros com Vegetação Secundária. Assim, a delimitação das unidades de paisagem mostrou-se um importante instrumento para subsidiar a elaboração de um plano de manejo que é um dos principais instrumentos de gestão e a unidade de estudo ainda não possui o seu. Palavras-Chave: Unidades de Conservação. Unidades de Paisagem. Zona Costeira.   SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE LANDSCAPE UNITS OF THE MOCAPAJUBA MARINE EXTRACTIVE RESERVE, COASTAL ZONE OF NORTHEAST OF THE PARÁ STATE ABSTRACT The Mocapajuba Marine Extractive Reserve is located in the municipality of São Caetano de Odivelas, Coastal Zone of Northeast of the Pará State. It is a unit that falls within the category of sustainable use, constitutes a territorial space destined to the self-sustainable exploitation and the conservation of the renewable natural resources. The work aims to make a spatial analysis of the landscape units of Resex Marinha Mocapajuba to provide subsidies for the environmental planning and territorial planning of the unit. Based on the theoretical-methodological assumptions geosistemic and using data in vector and matrix formats that were processed in a Geographic Information System environment, the information was cross-referenced and 7 landscape units were obtained, they are: Geosystems of the Coastal Plain with Fields; Geosystem of the Coastal Plain with Mangrove; Geosystems of the Coastal Plain with Human Occupation; Geology of the Coastal Plain with Restinga; Geosystem of the Trays with Fields; Geosystem of Trays with Capoeira and Exposed Soil; Geosystem of Tracks with Secondary Vegetation. Thus, the delimitation of the landscape units has proved to be an important instrument to subsidize the elaboration of a management plan that is one of the main management instruments and the unit of study does not yet have its own. Keywords: Conservation Units. Landscape Units. Coastal Zone.   ANÁLISIS ESPACIAL DE LAS UNIDADES DE PAISAJE DE LA RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA MARINA MOCAPAJUBA, ZONA COSTERA DEL NORDESTE PARAENSE RESUMEN La Reserva Extractiva Marina Mocapajuba se ubica en el municipio de São Caetano de Odivelas, zona costera del nordeste paraense. Es una unidad que se enmarca en la categoría de uso sostenible, se constituye en un espacio territorial destinado a la explotación autosostenible y la conservación de los recursos naturales renovables. El trabajo tiene por objetivo hacer un análisis espacial de las unidades de paisaje de la Resex Marinha Mocapajuba para proporcionar subsidios para la planificación ambiental y ordenación territorial de la unidad. Con base en los supuestos teórico-metodológico geosistémico y utilizando datos en formatos vectoriales y matriciales que fueron procesados ​​en ambiente de Sistema de Información Geográfica, se hizo el cruce de las informaciones y se obtuvieron 7 unidades de paisaje, son ellas: Geosistema de la Llanura Costera con Campos; Geosistema de la Llanura Costera con Manguezal; Geosistema de la Llanura Costera con Ocupación Humana; Geosistema de la Llanura Costera con Restinga; Geosistema de los Tableros con Campos; Geosistema de los tableros con capoeira y suelo expuesto; Geosistema de los Tableros con Vegetación Secundaria. Así, la delimitación de las unidades de paisaje se mostró un importante instrumento para subsidiar la elaboración de un plan de manejo que es uno de los principales instrumentos de gestión y la unidad de estudio aún no posee el suyo. Palabras Claves: Unidades de Conservación. Unidades de Paisaje. Zona Costera.

scholarly journals Deep-Seabed Mining May Come Soon, Says Head of Governing Group

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Showstack
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Mining ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Seabed Mining

New regulations could open the door for sustainable mining, says the head of the International Seabed Authority. However, he and others pointed to environmental, financial, and technical challenges.

Balancing Community and Autonomy – To What Extent Does the Regime Reconcile ISA Regulatory Authority and Investment Protection for Corporate Actors?

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-268
Author(s):  
Joanna Dingwall
Keyword(s):  
International Investment ◽  
International Investment Law ◽  
Investment Protection ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
The Common ◽  
Corporate Investors ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
Seabed Mining

Chapter 7 assesses the extent to which the deep seabed mining regime in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), as developed and enforced by the International Seabed Authority (ISA), strikes an appropriate balance between the dual common heritage goals of community and autonomy. Chapter 7 focuses on reconciling the ISA’s right to regulate on behalf of humanity with investment protection rights for deep seabed miners. It considers whether the UNCLOS deep seabed mining regime incorporates protections that are functionally equivalent to international investment law rights, backed by binding dispute resolution options. These are crucial considerations for corporate investors, and may influence the commercial viability of the regime. Chapter 7 then evaluates whether such investment protection rights may be balanced alongside the ISA’s right to regulate concerning the communitarian aspects of the common heritage, thereby achieving an overall balance between community and autonomy within the regime.

scholarly journals Structural Analysis and Distribution Patterns in Lowland Tropical Forest, Eastern Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
João Da Luz Freitas ◽  
Erick Silva Dos Santos ◽  
César Henrique Alves Borges ◽  
Francisco De Oliveira Cruz Junior ◽  
Adriano Castelo dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Control ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Lowland Tropical Forest

Floristic surveys allow us to make a momentary assessment of the structure and degree of conservation of the vegetation, supporting future actions for the sustainable use of forest resources. The aim of this work was to study the floristic and structural composition of fragments of floodplain forest in the Cajari River Extractive Reserve, Amapá state, Brazil. Systematic sampling was applied with the allocation of 27 plots of dimensions 10 m x 100 m each, with inclusion level of individuals greater than or equal to 10 cm in diameter at chest height. The floristic diversity of species was determined by the Shannon Diversity Indexes and Pielou Equability. The characterization of the horizontal structure was determined by the parameters: density, frequency and relative and absolute dominance, values of ecological importance and the diametrical distribution. The families Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae were the ones that obtained the highest richness of species and number of individuals. The species Virola surinamensis Warb., Hevea brasiliensis (HBK) Muell. Arg., Pentaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze and Mora paraensis (Ducke) Ducke, were the most abundant. The várzea forest fragments presented high diversity and high ecological dominance of species. The J-inverted diametric distribution, characteristic of natural forests, indicates that it is a mature forest component with an expressive group of dominating (hyperdominant) species, such as the species V. surinamensis and M. paraensis. Most species presented aggregate distribution. It is hoped that these results may serve the environmental control and control bodies as strategies for the use of forest resources and in the design of the management plan of Resex.

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