CONDITION AND WATER DEFICIENCY OF BALSAMIC POPLAR LEAVES IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLYMETALLIC CONTAMINATION OF THE STERLITAMAK INDUSTRIAL CENTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
R.KH. GINIYATULLIN ◽  
◽  
A.YU. KULAGIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Industrial Center ◽  
Polymetallic Contamination ◽  
Absorbing Roots

The paper presents materials on the water deficiency of leaves in the balsamic poplar in the conditions of polymetallic contamination of the Sterlitamak industrial center. The object of the research was poplar plantations located at different distances from the industrial enterprises of Sterlitamak. As a result, it was revealed that in the conditions of polymetallic contamination of the Sterlitamak industrial center at noon, with an increase in temperature and a decrease in relative humidity, the moisture consumption increases in the balsamic poplar. The maximum water deficit in the daytime is from 13 to 15 hours. In trees in conditions of polymetallic contamination of the SPC, the water consumption during the night hours is not covered by its intake, so the next day the morning hours began with some water shortage. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that in the conditions of polymetallic pollution of the Sterlitamak industrial center, with the deterioration of the living condition and with a decrease in the proportion of absorbing roots of the balsamic poplar, significant changes in water deficit indicators are noted.

scholarly journals Drought Adaptation in Fuchsia magellanica and Its Effect on Freezing Tolerance

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majken Pagter ◽  
Karen K. Petersen ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Christian R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Curvilinear Relation ◽  
Reduced Water

Fuchsia (Fuchsia L.) is a popular woody ornamental, but it is very susceptible to frost injury during winter. As drought stress may be used to enhance freezing tolerance in woody plants, the effects of different types of water deficit on growth, selected physiological traits, and freezing tolerance were examined in Fuchsia magellanica Lam. ‘Riccartonii’. Drought responses were investigated after 6 weeks of pretreatment, where individual plants grown in a greenhouse under conditions of unrestricted water supply were compared with plants subjected to cyclic or continuous water deficit. After an additional 4 weeks of treatment at short day (10 h) and low temperature (8 °C day/4 °C night), freezing tolerance was examined. Both continuous and cyclic water deficit plants reduced water loss by reducing aboveground biomass and by efficient stomatal regulation. Continuous water deficit plants tended to adjust osmotically, while cyclic water deficit induced significantly higher xylem sap abscisic acid [(ABA)xylem] and leaf proline concentrations and a lower leaf water potential (ψl) than continuous water deficit, indicating that F. magellanica responds differently to continuous water deficit and to fast drying associated with stress phases of cyclic water deficit. The root water potential (ψr) and (ABA)xylem were negatively linearly correlated, implying that increasing water deficiency stimulated formation of ABA in the roots. An inverse, curvilinear relation between (ABA)xylem and stomatal conductance (g s) indicated that root-originated ABA might control g s during mild water deficits. Neither cold-acclimating conditions alone nor combined with water deficit increased stem freezing tolerance, indicating that F. magellanica lacks cold-acclimation ability under the inductive conditions used in this study.

scholarly journals Endoproteinase activities in wheat leaves upon water deficit.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zagdańska ◽  
K Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Aspartic Proteinase ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Wheat Leaves

In wheat leaves acclimated and non-acclimated to water deficit the azocaseinolytic activities of endoproteinases were increased about 7-fold under drought conditions. Under such conditions both the pH dependence profile and the endoproteinase pattern were also changed. The predominant contribution of serine proteinase (about 50% of total endoproteinase activity) remains unaltered in the drought stressed leaves. Cysteine proteinase was induced to the same extent in the drought-stressed leaves irrespective of the acclimation pretreatment, while the contribution of aspartic proteinase was reduced upon water deficit but in the acclimated stressed leaves was as high as in the non-stressed leaves. These changes in the pattern of endoproteinases seem to imply that the water deficiency affects endogenous proteolysis.

scholarly journals Severe Water Deficiency during the Mid-Vegetative and Reproductive Phase has Little Effect on Proso Millet Performance

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grašič ◽  
Golob ◽  
Vogel-Mikuš ◽  
Gaberščik
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Proso Millet

Climate change can result in extreme droughts, significantly affecting crop production. C4 crop proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) has the lowest water consumption among all of the cereal crops. Understanding its survival mechanisms is thus crucial for agriculture. Furthermore, yield reduction does not only occur directly due to water shortage, but is also a consequence of an impaired element uptake during drought. This study aimed to examine the effect of water deficiency on proso millet leaf traits, plant biomass partition, and yield. In addition, leaf element contents were analysed, including silicon, which is an important multifunctional element for grasses. The majority of the measured parameters showed little change from the control to the moderate and severe water shortage treatments, even though the soil moisture levels differed significantly. The most pronounced reduction in comparison to the control was for leaf biomass, leaf stomatal conductance, and leaf silicon, phosphorus, calcium, and sulphur contents. Conversely, an increase was obtained for leaf potassium and chlorine contents. Panicle biomass was the same for all plant groups. Leaf silicon was positively correlated to reflectance in the UV region, while leaf calcium was negatively correlated to reflectance in the visible regions, which might prevent damage due to short-wave UV radiation and provide sufficient visible light for photosynthesis. The efficient light and water management, reduction of leaf biomass, and same-sized root system may be the mechanisms that mitigate the negative effects of water shortage in proso millet.

scholarly journals Gas exchange alteration caused by water deficit during the bean reproductive stage

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauricio Endres ◽  
José L. de Souza ◽  
Iedo Teodoro ◽  
Paula M. G. Marroquim ◽  
Claudiana M. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Phase Water

The purpose of the present study was to analyze gas exchanges in leaves and the parameters of productivity of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) submitted to two water deficiency periods during which three water regimes were employed: W1 (1,0 ETo during the entire plant cycle); W2 (1,0 ETo up to the flowering period and irrigation interruption from the 37 to the 51st day following sowing, and W3 (in addition to the reproductive phase, water deficit was also applied during the vegetative stage). Photosynthesis was one of the main physiological factors affected by water deficit. This was not only caused by the stomata closure, but also by carboxilation reduction due to metabolic damage. This effect was, however, offset 24 h after rehydration. During flowering, the water deficit caused crop productivity to drop significantly, reducing the number of pods and the number of seeds per pod, independently of the water deficit during the vegetative stage. The weight of 100 seeds however, was the same regardless of treatment. These results suggest that the water deficit caused the reduction of photo-assimilates, which affected grain productivity. Nevertheless, once properly formed, seeds developed totally; a strategy of the plant to produce less seeds under stress, but viable to perpetuate the species.

Phenology, leaf gas exchange, growth, and seed yield in contrasting Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata populations during prolonged water deficit and recovery

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasreddine Yousfi ◽  
Ines Slama ◽  
Chedly Abdelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of prolonged water stress and recovery on phenology, growth, and seed yield in Tunisian contrasting populations of Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata . After ample irrigation for 24 days, the plants of each population were divided into two lots: the first lot was irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC), and the second at only 45% FC. After 24 days of treatment, one lot of dehydrated plants was rewatered at 100% FC, while the other was maintained at 45% FC. Interspecific and intraspecific differences were found in phenological responses to water deficit. All growth parameters were more reduced in M. truncatula populations than in M. laciniata populations. The water shortage tolerance of M. laciniata populations was associated with a lower metabolic impairment of photosynthesis and maintenance of relatively higher leaf relative water content. Seed yield was also more reduced in M. truncatula populations compared with M. laciniata populations. In M. laciniata, seed mass was a compensation mechanism to sustain seed yield under drought conditions. Seed yield variation between populations under water deficit was explained mainly by variation in seed number per plant.

scholarly journals Consequences of Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid and Hydro Priming on Smooth Vetch Seedling Growth under Water Deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Amin Namdari ◽  
Abolfazl Baghbani
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Available Water

Due to low rainfall at early autumn, smooth vetch seedling growth in rain-fed lands often is limited by water deficit stress yet the data regarding the reactions of smooth vetch to water deficit at early growth stages are pretty rare. The objective of current study was to examine possibility of using priming treatments (hydro priming and priming salicylic acid) to alleviate the inhibitory effect of water deficiency during early growth of Smooth Vetch. In this respect, seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydro priming) or 0.5 mM solution of SA for 36 h at 10 °C then dried back to original moisture content. Pots were irrigated for 25 days at four levels of available water containing field capacity (FC), 75% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC. In general, seedling emergence and early growth were markedly limited by increasing water deficiency. However, priming treatments particularly with SA caused considerable improvement in either emergence or growth of seedlings (dry weight, length). The obtained results showed that primed samples exhibited higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine (GB) under all levels of available water except 100% FC and also higher total soluble sugars (TSS) and trehalose under severe water deficit (25% FC). SA primed samples had higher relative water content especially under higher levels of water deficiency. The more balanced water status within SA primed samples also was accompanied with higher accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. There were significant differences between two priming treatments in terms of proline and GB content within seedlings and SA priming considerably increased proline and GB accumulation. In contrast to proline and GB, TSS and trehalose content wasn’t influenced by SA treatment and both hydro and SA primed samples showed statistically similar quantities.

scholarly journals Shading as a means of mitigating water deficit in seedlings of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Edinéia M.M. BARTIERES ◽  
Silvana P.Q. SCALON ◽  
Daiane M. DRESCH ◽  
Edvânia A.S. CARDOSO ◽  
Mailson V. JESUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In this research it was hypothesized that Campomanesia xanthocarpa can overcome some level of water deficiency by adjusting physiological parameters and that shading minimizes the water deficit effects while maintaining elevated photosynthetic rates and relative water content of the leaves and makes a resumption of metabolism and growth when the water supply is normalized. The seedlings were submitted to two water regimes (continuous irrigation - CI and intermittent irrigation - II), three shading percentages (0, 30 and 70%) and six evaluation times (Start - T0, 1st Photosynthesis Zero - 1st P0, 1st Recovery - 1st REC, 2nd Photosynthesis Zero - 2nd P0, 2nd Recovery - 2nd REC and END). Plants under water deficit at 0% shading led to a reduction in photosynthetic metabolism, relative water content (RWC), leaf area, number of leaves, and height, especially during the stress periods 1st and 2nd P0. The 30 and 70% shading mitigated the stressful effect of water deficit on C. xanthocarpa seedlings. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that C. xanthocarpa seedlings are intolerant to water deficit since, although sensitive, they presented a potential for recovery of photosynthetic and growth characteristics under all cultivation conditions. It was concluded that that shading minimizes the stressful effects of water deficit.

scholarly journals Maize: Key agricultural crop in food security and sovereignty in a future with water scarcity

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 648-654
Author(s):  
Josana A. Langner ◽  
Alencar J. Zanon ◽  
Nereu A. Streck ◽  
Lia R. S. Reiniger ◽  
Marielen P. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Maize Plants

ABSTRACT The objective in this review was to discuss the importance of maize currently and the crucial role it may play in the future for food production in scenarios of water shortage, as well as the importance of conserving its landrace cultivars, which have a considerable portion of the reserve of genetic variability. Maize plants, when exposed to water deficit, may develop physiological, morphological, biochemical and anatomical adaptation mechanisms. With the aid of genetic improvement, characteristics that impart tolerance are fixed in plants through conventional methods. In this context, ‘Tuxpeño Sequia’ cultivars were developed in Mexico, while in Africa, one of the most important strategies was the development of ‘DT’ (Drought-tolerant) cultivars. In the United States, one of the most important processes was the development of PionerAquamax® hybrids, while in Brazil, it was the development of cultivars with the ‘Maya Latente’ gene. Through genetic transformation, the hybrid ‘MON 87460’ was developed. However, it should be mentioned that, for a cultivar to be well accepted by producers, besides having one or more adaptation characteristics, it must have a high grain yield. Biotechnological tools such as the use of molecular markers, genetic transformation, and modeling through bioinformatics, associated with conventional selection, will be fundamental to guarantee the advancement of water deficit tolerance in maize.

ÍNDICE DE SATISFAÇÃO DAS DEMANDAS DE ÁGUA E PRODUTIVIDADE DO FEIJÃO EM DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO EM COLATINA - ES

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Ramon Amaro de Sales ◽  
Clodoaldo Spadeto Ambrozim ◽  
Robson Prucoli Posse ◽  
Evandro Chaves de Oliveira ◽  
Sheila Prucoli Posse
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Phenological Phases

Um dos fatores que pode afetar a produtividade do feijoeiro é a razão da evapotranspiração real  e a evapotranspiração da cultura, o qual indica a real quantidade de água que a planta consome em relação à quantidade de água máxima que a planta consumiria, também representada como Índice de Satisfação das Necessidades de Água. Com objetivo de determinar este índice para o feijoeiro, em seus respectivos estágios de desenvolvimento, visando melhorar o manejo de irrigação, ajustando-se à melhor lâmina de irrigação, bem como a máxima produtividade, foram analisadas as cultivares Majestoso e Valente, na região de Colatina-ES, durante o período de 12/07/2012 a 10/10/2012. Uma maior produtividade foi observada em função do aumento dos valores do Índice de Satisfação. A resposta foi a uma função quadrática, havendo um ponto a partir do qual a diminuição dos valores de ISNA reduz a produtividade das cultivares, à medida que reduz a lâmina de irrigação. O cultivar Majestoso apresentou maior tolerância à deficiência hídrica em relação a cultivar Valente, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Colatina/ES.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: fases fenológicas, evapotranspiração, deficiência hídrica. SATISFACTION INDEX OF WATER AND PRODUCTIVITY DEMANDS ON BEANS ON DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN COLATINA – ESABSTRACT: One of the factors that can affect bean productivity is the ratio of actual evapotranspiration and crop evapotranspiration, which indicates the actual amount of water that the plant consumes in relation to the maximum amount of water the plant would consume, also represented as Index Of Water Needs Satisfaction. In order to determine this index for bean, in the respective stages of development, in order to improve irrigation management, adjusting to the best irrigation depth, as well as the maximum productivity, the cultivars Majestoso and Valente in de region of Colatina-ES, during the period from 07/07/2012 to 10/10/2012. Higher productivity was observed as a result of the increase in the Water Need Satisfaction Index, in which, as soil water deficit levels increased with the imposition of irrigation blades away from the sprinkler, ISNA presented lower values and consequently, its productivity, being noticed in the ISNA values below 0.83. The cultivar Majestoso presented greater tolerance to the water deficit in relation to Valente cultivar, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Colatina-ES.KEYWORDS: phenological phases, evapotranspiration, water deficiency.

scholarly journals Water deficiency at different developmental stages of Glycine max can improve drought tolerance

Bragantia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Panaia Kron ◽  
Gustavo Maia Souza ◽  
Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Conservative Strategy ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The One

Developmental windows are specific periods of sensitivity during normal plant development in which a perturbation may be adaptively integrated. In these periods, sub-lethal environmental perturbations may improve the capacity to grow at lethal conditions. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that previous non-lethal water deficit applied in different developmental stages in soybean plants could enables them to improve the tolerance to environmental perturbations. In order to test this hypothesis we carried out an experiment with soybean plants submitted to water deficit in different stages of plant development, evaluating yield and physiological aspects. Our results indicated that water deficit experienced on V4 stage (vegetative) induces more suitable response, enabling plants to develop a process of tolerance improvement to a further water shortage period, probably through a reduction of growth, which maintains a conservative strategy of energy use. On the other hand, water deficit in R1 stage (reproductive), increased the plant susceptibility to posterior water withholding. This " strategy" was the opposite of the one employed by plants on V4 stage, i.e., to maintain growth rate probably at the expense of a higher energetic cost.

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