scholarly journals THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF URINARY TRACT STONES IN KHOST, AFGHANISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Baitullah Abdali ◽  
Khoshal Janatzai
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Urinary Tract Stones

Background: The urinary tract stones include renal (nephrolithiasis), ureter (ureterolithiasis), and urinary bladder stones (cystolithiasis). The knowledge of the mineral composition of the urinary tract stone is important for the treatment, patient education, and to develop preventative strategies. Aim: This study aims to characterize the proportion of different types of urinary tract stones and their chemical composition in Khost province. Material and Methods: A retrospective, the hospital-based study design was used. The stones were analyzed using simple qualitative biochemical tests. A total of 63 patients were included in this study from Sept 2016 to Aug 2019. The stones were checked for the presence of calcium, magnesium, ammonium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, and cystine. Results: The results obtained showed the incidence of the kidney (48 stones), ureteric (4 stones), urinary bladder (11 stones) at the age group of 18-75 years (mean 56.2). The incidence in men was higher than women, male to female ratio being 3:1. The chemical analysis of overall stones has shown that 88.21% had mixed compositions, and 11.79% presented a unique composition. The majority of stones obtained from women was cystine (70%) and oxalate (72%) stones, whereas the majority of stones in men were that of calcium oxalate (76%) and uric acid (74%) stones. Eight of the stones were pure of calcium oxalate, five were pure uric acid, 7 were pure cystine, and 43 were mixed stones. Among the mixed stones, oxalate was present in 32 samples (43 of total), calcium was present in 36 samples, uric acid was seen in 17, phosphate was present in 23, and cysteine was present in 14 stones. Conclusion: This study showed that the most common type of mineral composition found in different urinary stones is calcium oxalate (81%), followed by cystine and uric acid. Further broader and large scale studies are required to assess the mineral base of the urinary tract stones in Afghanistan to develop preventive strategies and promote public awareness about dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals Composition of Uroliths seen in patients in Abuja, Nigeria: a single centre retrospective analysis of 155 stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celsus Ukelina Undie ◽  
Ewomazino Ibanga Nnana ◽  
Kalenebari Raymond Torporo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Uric Acid Stones ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background Uroliths are stones formed in the urinary tract. Analysis of stones helps to identify risk factors for their development and prevention of recurrence. Standard stone analysis using modern technology is not routinely done in Nigeria. This study sought to determine the chemical composition of urinary stones seen in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods This was a retrospective study on composition of uroliths. Urinary stones surgically removed from 155 patients through minimal access surgical procedures between January 2015 and August 2019 were analysed. Optical crystallography and infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical composition of the urinary stones. Results A total of 155 urinary stones were assembled from the patients. More stones were removed from male patients and the male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Stones were rare in the extremes of age. The predominant location (89.7%) of stones was in the upper urinary tract. All stones were of mixed composition with calcium oxalate accounting for 93.55%. Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid stones were more common in the upper tract, while 2 of the 3 struvite stones were found in the lower tract. Conclusion Stones found in this study were of mixed composition with the most common constituent being Calcium oxalate and the least common, struvite.

scholarly journals Gender and Age Characteristics of the Mineral Composition of Urinary Stones in Patients with Urolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
S. M. Kolupayev ◽  
◽  
E. P. Bereznyak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Age Range

The paper presents the results of studying the features of the mineral composition of urinary stones obtained after spontaneous passage, as well as the use of minimally invasive surgical techniques. Material and methods. The study involved 61 patient with urolithiasis, depending who were examined depending on the sex and age of the patients. Infrared spectroscopy in the spectral range of 4000-400 cm-1 was used as a method for assessing the mineral composition of the stone. The next stage of the study consisted of analyzing the occurrence of stones of various mineral types in groups of patients with different gender and age characteristics. Results and discussion. Infrared spectroscopy identified a wide range of chemical compounds in urinary stones, in which calcium oxalate in the form of monohydrate (vevelite) or dihydrate (vedelite), calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxylapatite and uric acid were most often identified. Calcium carbonate, aragonite, struvite, ammonium urate, and cystine were detected in single samples. 45 patients (73.77%) had a mixed composition of the stone, consisting of two or more mineral components. Depending on the prevailing component, which is more than 50% vol. the sample, urinary stones were classified into 3 mineral types: type 1 – calcium oxalate calculi, the prevailing component of which is calcium oxalate in the form of monohydrate (vevellite) or dihydrate (veddelite); Type 2 – calcium phosphate, in which more than 50% vol. represented by apatite, hydroxylapatite or fluorapatite; Type 3 – stones, the dominant substance of which is uric acid or uric acid dihydrate. Most of the urinary stone samples were represented by type 1 stones, which were significantly more often detected in males. The study of gender dependence in the prevalence of stones of types 2 and 3, corresponding to these minerals, was not identified. Type 1 urinary stones were observed in all age categories, with a predominance in patients aged 30-39 years (41.38%). The age distribution of stones of type 2 had similar characteristics, while the maximum number of patients with this type of stone was noted in the age range of 40-49 years (40%), followed by a decrease in this indicator in older age groups. The minimum number of cases of type 3 stone formation was registered among patients aged 30-39 years (8.33%). In the following age periods, the quantitative presence of this type of stones increased with a maximum value in the age range of 50-59 years (41.67%). Conclusion. The mineral composition of urinary stones has features, depending on the sex and age of patients. The formation of oxalate-calcium urinary stones is most characteristic of men, the peak incidence occurs at the age of 40-49 years. Gender features of the distribution of stones, the dominant components of which are calcium phosphate and uric acid were not detected. The frequency of detection of uric acid stones increases with age, the inverse relationship is characteristic of the age distribution of phosphate-calcium stones

scholarly journals URINARY BLADDER STONE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1655-1659
Author(s):  
Mubeena Laghari ◽  
Shazia Murtaza ◽  
Rafique Ahmed JalbanI
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Bladder Stones ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen ◽  
One Year ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: To analyze the biochemical composition and biochemical types ofurinary bladder stones in children. Study design and setting: Observational study, Departmentof Pediatric Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro/Hyderabad.Place and Duration: One year duration from January to December 2006. Materials &Methods: A sample of 30 children was selected according to criteria of inclusion of age <10years of urinary bladder stones without any anomaly. Urinary bladder stones were washed indistilled H2O deionized to remove contaminations. Urinary bladder stones were dried at 1000C for overnight in an oven. The urinary bladder stones cut into pieces were used for the FTIRspectroscopy analysis, carried out on “Nicolet Avatar 330 FTIR spectrophotometer”. Data wasanalyzed on SPSS 22.0 at 95% confidence interval. Results: Of 30, 6 (20%) were female and24 (80%) were male. The male dominancy was noted with male to female ratio of 4:1. Mean±SD age was noted as 4.839 + 2.819 years. Urinary stones of pure and mixed biochemistrywere noted in 5 (16.6%) and 25 (83.3%) respectively (P=0.0001). Most frequent urinary bladderstone found was the calcium oxalate monohydrate - ammonium hydrogen urate. Conclusions:Most frequent type of urinary bladder stones was the calcium oxalate monohydrate–ammoniumhydrogen urate type in the children.

Study on Uroliths Composition in Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1818-1821
Author(s):  
Ijazur Rehman ◽  
Humayun Khan ◽  
Ahmad Farooq ◽  
Arshid Mahmood ◽  
Qazi Ali Mohayud Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Struvite Stones

Background: Identification of risk factors for urolith stones formed in the urinary tract could help in preventing the recurrence. Urolith stones analysis utilized modern technology which is unfortunately not done in Pakistan on a routine basis. Development of renal failure may occur due to complications and urinary tract affected by uroliths. Objective: The current study aims to determine the composition of urolith stones seen in patients admitted in single Centre in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on urolithstones composition surgically removed through minimum access procedure at Urology department of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad for period of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Urinary stones composition was measured through qualitative tests such as infrared and crystallography spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 82 patients with mean age ± SD 45.3±11.7 years having urinary stones were investigated in this cross-sectional study. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Male patients (54) (65.85%) were dominant over females (28) (34.15%) in term of stones removal. A high occurrence for urinary stones was bladder or upper urinary tract (81.6%) irrespective of their gender. Calcium containing stones were predominant in ureter, urethra and renal followed by struvite stones (56.8%). Two-third stones in struvite stones were in lower tract while uric acid, calcium phosphates and calcium oxalate were found in upper tract. Calcium oxalate account for 92.60% with mixed composition stones. Conclusion: Our study concluded that the majority of uroliths constitute calcium oxalate or phosphates and struvite stones in our setting. Uroliths formation is caused by urinary tract infection as indicated in our study. Calcium oxalate was the most common among these stones. Struvite stones were the least common one. The prevalence of stones was dominant in male patients compared to female patients. The anatomical location for calcium oxalate and struvite stones was lower tract and bladder respectively. Keywords: Uroliths, Composition, Calcium oxalate, Struvite stone

Morphoconstitutional analysis of a series of 166 urinary stones in Western Algeria for a period of two years (2015-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Bouzana Fatima ◽  
Sbahi Khayra ◽  
Kerroumi Slimane ◽  
Attar Abderahmane ◽  
Seghir Madjhouda Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
The Right

A stone is not only an obstacle, sometimes painful, on the urinary tract justifying an emergency urological gesture to restore their permeability. It is primarily a symptom of crystallogenic pathologies or urinary imbalances of nu-tritional origin whose recurrence is the rule if the cause has not been correctly identified. It is therefore recommended in the patient's interest; analyze the calcul or its fragments to determine its composition and structure, one and / or the other orienting towards the pathology in question. A series of 166 urinary stones were collected nearby the hospitals of western Algeria after urological intervention or spontaneous expulsion and sequential analysis of the nucleus at the surface by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. The male / female ratio was 1.78. The study of the anatomical localization of the stones showed a predominance of the high urinary tract with a rate of 76.9%. 27.3% of the stones were located in the left kidney compared to 25.7% in the right kidney. Analysis of the crystalline composition showed that calcium oxalate was predominant in 65.8% of the calculs and in 58.5% of the nuclei. In all, whewellite was present in 46.9% of cases and weddellite in 18.9%. uric acid anhydrous was the major component of 12.2% of the calculations analyzed. It was present in 23.3% of cases with predominance in subjects over 60 years. Our results show that the lithiasis of the urinary tree in western Algeria tends to evolve in the same direction as that of the industri-alized countries.

scholarly journals Stone composition of renal stone formers from different global regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Adam Hali´nski ◽  
Kamran Hassan Bhatti ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Jonathan Cloutier ◽  
Kaloyan Davidoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Analysis ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Cystine Stones ◽  
Struvite Stones

Objective: To study urinary stone composition patterns in different populations around the world. Materials and methods: Data were collected by reviewing charts of 1204 adult patients of 10 countries with renal or ureteral stones (> 18 years) in whom a stone analysis was done and available. Any method of stone analysis was accepted, but the methodology had to be registered. Results: In total, we observed 710 (59%) patients with calcium oxalate, 31 (1%) with calcium phosphate, 161 (13%) with mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate, 15 (1%) with carbapatite, 110 (9%) with uric acid, 7 (< 1%) with urate (ammonium or sodium), 100 (9%) with mixed with uric acid/ calcium oxalate, 56 (5%) with struvite and 14 (1%) with cystine stones. Calciumcontaining stones were the most common in all countries ranging from 43 to 91%. Oxalate stones were more common than phosphate or mixed phosphate/oxalate stones in most countries except Egypt and India. The rate of uric acid containing stones ranged from 4 to 34%, being higher in Egypt, India, Pakistan, Iraq, Poland and Bulgaria. Struvite stones occurred in less than 5% in all countries except India (23%) and Pakistan (16%). Cystine stones occurred in 1% of cases. Conclusions: The frequency of different types of urinary stones varies from country to country. Calcium-containing stones are prevalent in all countries. The frequency of uric acid containing stones seems to depend mainly on climatic factors, being higher in countries with desert or tropical climates. Dietary patterns can also lead to an increase in the frequency of uric acid containing stones in association with high obesity rates. Struvite stones are decreasing in most countries due to improved health conditions.

Efficacy of Hounsfield Unit of CT in Prediction of the Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salah Mahmoud Ahmed Shehata ◽  
Mohamed Rafik El-Halaby ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Saafan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Struvite Stones

Abstract Objectives to make a reliable correlation between the chemical composition of the urinary calculi and its Hounsfield unit on CT scan, upon which we can depend on it for prediction of the type of the urinary calculi. The prediction of the chemical structure of the stone would help us to reach a more efficient therapeutic and prophylactic plan. Methods A retrospective study was performed by interpretation of the preoperative CT scans for patients who were presented by urinary stones. Identification of the chemical structure of the calculi was implemented using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR spectroscopy). The laboratory report revealed multiple types of stones either of pure or mixed composition. Afterwards, a comparison was done between Hounsfield units of the stones and the chemical structure. Results The chemical structure of the urinary stones revealed four pure types of stones (Uric acid, Calcium Oxalate, Struvite and Cystine) and two types of mixed stones (mixed calcium oxalate+ Uric, and mixed calcium oxalate+ calcium phosphate). Uric acid stone had a mean Hounsfield Unit (HU) density of428 ± 81, which was quite less than the other stones, followed by struvite stones with density ranging about 714 ± 38. Mixed calcium oxalate stones could be differentiated from other types of stones like uric acid, pure calcium oxalate and struvite stones by the Hounsfield unit of Computed Tomography (the mean Hounsfield Unit was 886 ± 139 and 1427 ± 152 for mixed calcium oxalate + uric stone and mixed calcium oxalate + calcium phosphate stones respectively). Moreover, pure calcium oxalate stones were easily differentiated from all other stones using the mean Hounsfield density as it was 1158 ± 83. It was challenging only when it was compared to cystine stones, as they were quiet similar to HU value (997 ± 14). The variation of Hounsfield values among the previously mentioned stones, was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion The study proved that the Hounsfield Unit of CT scanning is a convenient measure to predict the chemical structure of urinary calculi.

Disorders of renal calcium handling, urinary stones, and nephrocalcinosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 5093-5103
Author(s):  
Christopher Pugh ◽  
Elaine M. Worcester ◽  
Andrew P. Evan ◽  
Fredric L. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Colic ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium ◽  
Cystine Stones ◽  
Stone Passage

Renal stones are common, with a prevalence of 5 to 10% worldwide. Acute stone passage almost always produces the severe pain of renal colic, but stones are often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on imaging. Prevalence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic disease appears to be rising, although the relative contributions of increasing use of more sensitive imaging modalities and real changes relating to diet and lifestyle are debated. The initial evaluation of patients with renal colic optimally includes noncontrast CT to accurately visualize the size and location of stones in the urinary tract. Initial management of stones less than 5 mm in diameter in patients without anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract is to provide adequate analgesia coupled with α‎-blockade, followed by watchful waiting to allow time for stone passage. The presence of urinary tract infection, inability to take oral fluids, or obstruction of a single functioning kidney requires hospitalization and active management. Once the acute episode of stone passage or removal is over, thought should be given to diagnosis of the underlying causes and steps taken towards prevention. Since stone analysis is the cornerstone of diagnosis, the patient should be encouraged to collect any stones passed and retain them for analysis. Most stones (66–76%) are formed of calcium oxalate: other types include calcium phosphate (12–17%), uric acid (7–11%), struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate, 2–3%), and cystine (1–2%). They form because urine becomes supersaturated with respect to the solute, and treatment to lower its concentration can prevent recurrence. This chapter describes the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of calcium oxalate stones, calcium phosphate stones, uric acid stones, struvite stones, cystine stones, and nephrocalcinosis.

scholarly journals Urolithiasis in male patients: A pilot study on the ethnic differences and clinical profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-98
Author(s):  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
LJ John ◽  
HAM Aly Freeg ◽  
J Muttappallymyalil
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Uric Acid Stones ◽  
Male Patients

Background   Ethnicity play a role in the occurrence of urinary stones, probably related to climatic, environmental and dietary factors in ethnic groups. The association between ethnicity, age, clinical profile, stone size with type of ureteric stones among males with urolithiasis was studied.   Materials and Methods Male patients (>18 years) with lower ureteral stones size <10mm attending outpatient department of Urology, at a private hospital, Ajman over a period of one year were included. Ethics approval was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee. Data was retrieved from the case records which included socio-demographic variables (age, ethnicity), clinical profile (ureteric colic, duration of pain, other complaints), and laboratory investigations (type of stone, stone size). Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed with SPSS-20 and p values <0.05 considered significant. Results 185 male patients were included. Mean age was 41.5 (7.3) years, range (22-71) years. Out of the total, 81 (43.8%) patients were Asians, 81(43.8%) Arabs and 23 (12.4%) were of other ethnicity. Most patients (95.1%) presented with ureteric pain. 49 (26.5%) had family history of stone disease where calcium oxalate monohydrate and uric acid stones were common, with majority being first degree relation. Data on stone type was available for 90 patients; of which, 21 were calcium oxalate monohydrate, 33-calcium oxalate dehydrate, 24-uric acid and remaining 12 other form of stones. Average age for different types of stone was 38.3, 41.6, 39.4 and 42.8 years for calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dehydrate, uric acid and other types respectively. Conclusion Uric acid stones were more prevalent among Asians and calcium oxalate-dehydrate stones among Arabs. Future studies can be conducted among multiethnic population focusing on dietary pattern and stone analysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v4i4.11359 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2014; 4(4):393-98

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document