DETECTION OF BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST ESKAPE GROUP OF NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS FROM GANGA RIVER WATER DURING COMMUNITY BATH AT VARIOUS RITUALS: SINCE 2013–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Raghvendra Raman Mishra ◽  
Gopal Nath
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Lawn ◽  
Phage Sensitivity ◽  
Ganga Water

Introduction: Several species of bacterial contaminants are at the high level in river Ganga water but question arises that, why Ganga water is not spoiled even left for long time and answer is a presence of biological components including bacteriophage and bioactive component such as nanoparticles. Objective: In the present study our aim was to detect bacteriophages of resistant microbes such as ESKAPE group of nosocomial and S. Typhi. from different Ganga water samples collected on different rituals. Material & Methods: This study started since 2013 and completed in 2020. As per study design water sample from different places (Prayagraj, Mirzapur and Varanasi) and sites were collected. A total 210 strains (30 each) of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), Acinetobacter baumanii (A. baumannii), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli) ( Called as ESKAPE group) and additionally S. Typhi were identified from the in 500 clinical samples. These identified strains were processed for their biochemical test microscopy and antibiotic sensitivity for its conformation. Confirmed ESKAPE and S. Typhi strains were used for lawn culture. The bacteriophages were isolated from the collected Ganga water samples by using the double layer agar assay method. Results and Discussion: Bacteriophages were observed in the form of plaques on the bacterial lawn culture. Among 210 strains (30 each) of E. faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. Typhi  total 52 phages were detected in the form of plaques on the bacterial lawn culture. Maximum no of phage sensitivity were identified with E. coli (13) then in S. aureus (11). Eight phages of ware specific to S. Typhi and seven were specific to P. aeruginosa and how ever in six phages are specific to K. pneumoniae and E. faecium. Minimum no of phage sensitivity were identified with A. baumanii (1). Conclusion:  Our study concludes that Ganga water is a huge source of above detected bacteriophages among all possible natural sources with full of diversity. This is development of a phage bank, which will be useful for bacteriophage therapy in near future.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE MEMBERS ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY SUSPECTED PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moorthy Kannaiyan ◽  
Gedif Meseret Abebe ◽  
Chinnasamy Kanimozhi ◽  
Punitha Thambidurai ◽  
Saranya Ashokapuram Selvam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Genotypic Identification ◽  
Esbl Producers

 Objective: Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production poses another clinical problem with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The present study was aimed to evaluate the ESBL producers among various clinical samples of clinically suspected patients.Methods: A total of 1279 samples (urine [918], pus [207] and stool [154]) were collected and 465 isolates (Escherichia coli [320], Enterobacter aerogenes [119] and Klebsiella pneumoniae [26]) were isolated and screened for the presence of ESBL producers using combination disc method and double disc synergy test.Results: Of the 465 culture positive isolates, 130 (E. coli 93 [29.06%], E. aerogenes 35 [29.41%] and K. pneumoniae 2 [7.69%]) were identified as ESBL producers. Among the three Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli 93 (29.06%) was found to be predominant ESBL producer next in order E. aerogenes 35 (29.41%) and K. pneumoniae 2 (7.69%). Maximum number of ESBL producers were recovered from urine (n=111) followed by pus (n=14) and stool (n=5). All the ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test using 10 different antibiotics. ESBL producers were chiefly resistance to ceftriaxone followed by ceftazidime and cefotaxime. Of 130 ESBL producers, 15 (E. coli (8), E. aerogenes (6) and K. pneumoniae (1)] strains were selected for genotypic identification. Among, only two strains of E. aerogenes were positive isolates for CTX-M type ESBL in polymerase chain reaction.Conclusion: This study concluded that among Enterobacteriaceae members, E. coli was the predominant ESBL producers and urine was noted as the prime source for the ESBL positive isolates when compared to other source. Genotypic identification was the best method to differentiate ESBL types which were essential to provide proper treatment.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Milad Shahini Shams Abadi ◽  
Majid Validi ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Rezvan Vafapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Southwest Iran

Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) produced by the A . baumanii isolated obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran . Results: A total of 100 A . baumanii isolates were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the isolates were identified by biochemical tests and MBL screening conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test, and the bla genes detected by PCR. Eighty-five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and Etest MBL, suggesting MBL production, respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases-containing A . baumanii isolates is increasing, and the coexistence of various carbapenemases is a problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections due to these bacteria should be taken into account in planning for alternative and new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Milad Shahini Shams Abadi ◽  
Majid Validi ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Rezvan Vafapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Southwest Iran

Abstract Objective Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) produced by the A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. Results A total of 100 A. baumanii were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the isolates were identified by biochemical tests, and MBL screening was conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test. Using PCR technique the bla genes were detected. Eighty-five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and E-test MBL respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases isolates containing A. baumanii is increasing. Furthermore, the coexistence of various carbapenemases is dominantly act as a major problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections related to these bacteria should be considered to plan an alternative and new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Milad Shahini Shams Abadi ◽  
Majid Validi ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Rezvan Vafapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Southwest Iran

Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) produced by the A . baumanii isolated obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran . Results: A total of 100 A . baumanii isolates were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the isolates were identified by biochemical tests and MBL screening conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test, and the bla genes detected by PCR. Eighty-five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and Etest MBL, suggesting MBL production, respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases-containing A . baumanii isolates is increasing, and the coexistence of various carbapenemases is a problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections due to these bacteria should be taken into account in planning for alternative and new therapeutic strategies.

Detection of β-lactamase in Clinical samples of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 2995-2998
Author(s):  
Venkateswarlu Dasari ◽  
Arjun Pandian ◽  
Samiraj Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

The public health complexity globally the pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae are particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, from the hospital samples isolates of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. 520 samples were obtained from patients in prakasam (DT), Coastal Andhra, Andhra Pradesh, India. Identified under clinical laboratory condition, for microbial culture Blood agar and MacConkey agar used and identified for selected pathogens, different biochemical test was tested against microbes. Results are in urine sample examined for this study screened (520), among them culture +ve (250), β-lactamase (33), E. coli (15), Klebsiella (18) and others (217), in blood samples was collected and analyzed (250) culture +ve are (25), β-lactamase (13), E. coli (6), Klebsiella (4) and others (15). Pleural fluids (10) are evaluated among them culture +ve (3), β-lactamase (2), E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella (2) and others (1) also obtained (Fig. 6). In synovial fluid samples (10) screened and evaluated among them culture +ve (3), β-lactamase (3), E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella (3) and others also didn’t find out. In antibiotic sensitivity test, observed that sensitive to Piperacillin tazobactum and Sensitive to imepenam. Concluded that the urine samples collected and examined in different methods β-lactamase, E. coli didn’t observed, Klebsiella identified and characterized in different confirmatory analysis, use of these antibiotics is compulsory to decrease the extend of these challenging strains.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii strains isolated in the teaching hospitals Shahrekord, southwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Milad Shahini Shams Abadi ◽  
Majid Validi ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Rezvan Vafapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Southwest Iran

Abstract Objective Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases produced by the A. baumanii strains isolated in the teaching hospitals in Shahrekord, southwest Iran. Results A total of 100 A. baumanii isolates were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the strains were identified by biochemical tests and MBL screening conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test, and the bla (IMP) and bla (VIM) genes detected by PCR. Eighty five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and Etest MBL, suggesting MBL production, respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases-containing A. baumanii isolates is increasing, and the coexistence of various carbapenemases is a problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections due to these bacteria should be taken into account in planning for alternative and new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Plasmid - Bearing Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria from Different Aquatic Sources in Akure, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Onifade, A. K. ◽  
Alaofin, S. ◽  
Owoyemi, O. O.
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the plasmid bearing multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria from different aquatic sources. Place and Duration of Study: This research work was carried out in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo state, Nigeria between January and June, 2018. Methodology: The pathogenic bacteria associated with water samples collected from different sources in Akure, Nigeria were isolated and characterized. A total of 521 water samples were collected from sources such as wells, taps, streams, rivers, boreholes and rain. All the samples were subjected to presumptive, confirmed and completed tests to evaluate their microbiological quality. The microbial types in the samples were determined using standard microbiological techniques. All isolates obtained in this study were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity analysis and screened for Beta-lactamase production (ESBL). Plasmid profile analysis of the resistance isolates was carried out using standard method. Furthermore, post-curing of the plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance isolates was performed and data obtained were analyzed and presented using analysis of variance. Results: Bacterial isolates such as Acinetobacter baumanni, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurum, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris and Vibrio cholerae were identified from the water samples. The isolate E. coli had the highest percentage distribution of 24.10% in well water and 26.19% in stream water while Salmonella species had the highest occurrence of 53.85% in rain water. The Beta-lactamase producing (ESBL) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics except Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and Pefloxacin that conferred antibacterial effect. Plasmid-gene profile analysis of the isolates revealed that S. typhimurium, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and P. vulgaris possess single plasmid each while only E. coli contain two plasmid bands. The post plasmid-curing antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolates revealed that the initial antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates were plasmid mediated. Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest the purification of water from these sources before consumption is important as most microbes found in these samples are potential pathogens that are capable of causing infectious diseases with multiple antibiotic resistant features.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Naqid ◽  
Amer A Balatay ◽  
Nawfal Rasheed Hussein ◽  
Kurdistan Abdullah Saeed ◽  
Hiba Abdulaziz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the most common causative agents of bacterial infections. The emergence of multidrug-resistant E. coli is a major public health threat worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of clinical isolates of E. coli from different samples. Methods: A total number of 454 clinical samples, including urine, wound, cervical swab, blood, semen, ascetic, and cerebral spinal fluid samples were collected from patients between January 2017 and February 2020. Then, E. coli was confirmed and susceptibility to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Results: Escherichia coli isolates were more frequent in females (70.7%) than in males (29.3%). In the case of urine samples, E. coli was found to be highly susceptible to ertapenem (97.6%) and imipenem (96.4%) but resistant to ampicillin (87.8%). For wound and cervical swabs, E. coli was 100% resistant to ampicillin and cefepime but 100% sensitive to ertapenem and imipenem. It was found that E. coli isolates from blood samples were 100% resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin, and around 75% of them were sensitive to ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Finally, E. coli isolated from other clinical samples were highly sensitive to ertapenem, imipenem, levofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and cefazolin. Conclusions: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic sensitivity patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, and nitrofurantoin. However, the clinical isolates of E. coli displayed high resistance rates to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. Therefore, it is proposed to perform antibiotic sensitivity testing by physicians to select the most effective antibiotics.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of metallo-β-lactamases in A. baumanii isolates obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoor Khaledi ◽  
Milad Shahini Shams Abadi ◽  
Majid Validi ◽  
Behnam Zamanzad ◽  
Rezvan Vafapour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Southwest Iran

Abstract Objective: Acinetobacter baumanii is a pathogenic bacterium that is the cause of many nosocomial infections. This study aimed to determine metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) produced by the A . baumanii isolated obtained from clinical samples in Shahrekord, southwest Iran . Results: A total of 100 A . baumanii isolates were isolated from 250 clinical samples between June 2013 and June 2014. Then, the isolates were identified by biochemical tests and MBL screening conducted by the phenotypic tests modified Hodge, EDTA-disk synergy (EDS), combined disk (CD) and AmpC disc after antibiotic sensitivity test, and the bla genes detected by PCR. Eighty-five (85%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and imipenem. Phenotypic tests showed that out of the 100 isolates, 46, 59, 50, 65 and 65 isolates were positive: AmpC disk, CD, EDS, Modified Hodge and Etest MBL, suggesting MBL production, respectively. Gene detection by PCR showed that 23 isolates carried the VIM-1 gene and only three isolates carried the IMP-1 gene. The prevalence of metallo-β-lactamases-containing A . baumanii isolates is increasing, and the coexistence of various carbapenemases is a problem. Continuous monitoring of the infections due to these bacteria should be taken into account in planning for alternative and new therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Species Composition of the Causes of Opportunistic Infections of the Urinary Tract and Ways of Overcoming Their Antibiotic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
E. Agaeva ◽  
S. Ibadullaeva ◽  
E. Agaeva ◽  
V. Narimanov ◽  
S. Gurbanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

The etiological structure of opportunistic infections of the urinary tract represented by bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (with a predominance of Escherichia coli, Klepsiella pneumoniae), as well as non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas) and staphylococci and enterococcus etc. were revealed in the result of the research. The antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract infection pathogens to the most commonly used antibiotics were studied, also the antibiotic resistance of E. coli and K. pneumoniae to co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, cephalosporins of the 1st and 2nd generation and resistance of A. baumanii and P. aeruginosa to fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, as well as VRE and MRSA were studied. The study and selection of new herbal medicines were carried out. The 10% solution of Geranium collinum Steph and Rosmarinus officinalis L. had the highest microbiological properties which can be used in the treatment of urinary tract infection.

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