Yield and sowing qualities of lucerne seeds of different varieties depending on growing conditions

Abstract:In model experiments in soil culture, the effect of different methods of treatment with sodium selenite on the photosynthetic activity of spring wheat variety Zlata was studied under extreme growing conditions. Under drought conditions, the inhibition of the growth of the photosynthetic surface of spring wheat plants was revealed. Under conditions of excessive water supply, a sharp decrease in the area of the assimilating surface of wheat plants was observed. The positive effect of sodium selenite solution on the photosynthetic activity of spring wheat plants was established with insufficient and excessive water supply to wheat plants.

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PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF REMOTE CROSS IN THE CITRUS CROPS SELECTION

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/4/46-49 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 46-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. V. Kulyan

Keyword(s):

Complex Traits ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Early Maturity ◽

Russian Research Institute ◽

Citrus Germplasm ◽

The Status ◽

New Varieties ◽

Primary Test ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Positive Traits

The Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops has the citrus germplasm collection, in total over 150 genotypes of various origins including 30 wild and semi-wild relatives. As a result of controlled hybridization in 17 crossings combinations of with the participation of relatives of citrus plants, new 769 hybrid offspring were obtained, which combine the traits of both the maternal and paternal genotypes. Analyzing the populations, promising combinations were highlighted: C. reticulata × Fortunella margarita (47.1%); C. x natsudaidai × 3252 (42.1%) and C. reticulata × C. reticulata ‘Cleopatra’ (40.9%) to create the gene pool of distant hybrids. From the mentioned combinations of crossings the greatest percent of seedlings which phenotypes tend to cultivated varieties was received. This hybrid material is a valuable source for isolating forms that are resistant to extreme environmental factors. According to phenotypic characteristics, hybrids were divided into three categories: I – Cultural, II – Semi-wild and III – Wild. Of the first category, the largest number 87 prospective forms were selected, and can be of interest for further breeding. As a result of the study of interspecific hybrid seedlings, 137 promising forms have been identified, which are carriers the complex traits such as dwarfism, thornless, early maturity and increased winter hardiness. From this set 17 genotypes were selected, which received the status of an elite forms, which successfully pass the primary test, and will be also useful in further breeding work for creating sources with a complex of positive traits and on breeding new varieties of citrus crops resistant to growing conditions.

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ON FOREST ECONOMICS TRANSFORMATION

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/3/8-11 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 8-11

Author(s):

А. Kh. Chochaev

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Market Economy ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

The State ◽

Forest Economics ◽

Environmental Consequences ◽

Social Environmental ◽

Groundwater Reserves ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Environmentally Sound

The article analyzes problems of the Russia forest complex development related to social, environmental and infrastructure issues, the solution of which is impossible without state participation. The reasons of the poor adaptation of the forest complex market economy to long development periods, as well as the environmental consequences of economic activity, including environmental pollution, depletion of natural resources, loss of biodiversity and damage to public health, are considered. The analysis of the forest complex market economy features is made on domestic and foreign examples, a serious shortcoming of which is the isolation of the investment payback process from the chosen economic development direction. Forest rejuvenation in this way leads to a decrease or even loss of the forests biospheric properties to regulate the surface runoff of atmospheric precipitation and the formation of groundwater reserves. It is known, that in the forests of the European part of Russia have been accumulated large reserves of semi-subsistence conifer and hard wood. It is shown that to involve it in use it is necessary to change the principles of annual use calculations and to actually re-develop the regulatory framework for the intermediate use of forest wood resources. Four forest management units in the forest economy of the forest complex were identified: state forest management and implementation of medium-term and long-term planning of all types of work in forests, taking into account materials of the state forest inventory and assessing the state and trends in the development of domestic and foreign timber markets; protection and protection of forests from fires and other adverse natural factors (insects, fungi, pollution); carrying out planned logging with the differentiated use of all types of wood and the organization of reforestation taking into account the diversity of growing conditions and the possibilities of using the lands of the state forest fund of Russia. It is advisable to create economic mechanisms to stimulate the activities of all enterprises and institutions of the Russia forest complex for the transition to new environmentally sound technologies in the forest. A flexible economic mechanism is needed to include forest management costs in the cost of harvested wood in order to restore the ecological, economic, social and cultural properties of forests.

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Assessment of the quality of tubers of potatoes of varieties of different ripeness group depending on growing conditions

Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture ◽

10.31395/2415-8240-2019-94-1-274-284 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 274-284

Author(s):

R. O. Mialkovskyi ◽

◽

V.I. Ovcharuk ◽

P. V. Bezvikonnyy ◽

V. S. Kravchenko V. S. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growing Conditions

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Effect of Irradiance Level and Paclobutrazol on Reducation of Leaf Damage in Begonia × cheimantha

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.446d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 446d-446

Author(s):

Beyounghan Yoon ◽

Harvey J. Lang

Keyword(s):

Day Treatment ◽

Leaf Damage ◽

Growth Retardants ◽

Damage Development ◽

Long Day ◽

Leaf Chlorosis ◽

Shade Cloth ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Reduced Light ◽

Shade Plants

Begonia × cheimantha (Christmas or Lorraine begonia) is a popular holiday crop in Europe, with certain cultivars having outstanding postharvest characteristics. Its commercial production in the southern United States has been limited by the occurrence of mottled leaf chlorosis and necrosis, apparently due to environmental stress. In this study, B. × cheimantha `Emma' was grown in the fall in a glass greenhouse at College Station, Texas, under either 0%, 60%, or 87% polyethylene shade cloth. Leaf chlorosis and necrosis was very severe on plants grown in full sun (≈650 mol·m–2·s–1), with slight chlorosis on plants under 60% shade. Plants under full sun, however, were more compact, flowered earlier, and had shorter peduncles with more flowers than those grown under shade. Reducing the vegetative long-day treatment period from 7 to 4 weeks had no effect on leaf damage development. Plants treated with paclobutrazol were shorter and had less leaf damage than untreated plants. Leaves of treated plants had a relatively higher concentration of soluble protein, chlorophyll, and enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase (AsA), dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase, and monodehydro-ascorbate (MDHA) reductase than untreated plants. For Texas growing conditions, these preliminary studies indicate that B. × cheimantha should be grown under reduced light intensities, with excessive height and leaf damage being controlled with growth retardants such as paclobutrazol.

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Long-term in vitro Storage Technique of Valuable Birch Genotypes and Plant Production on its Basis

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-3-57-67 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

T.M. Tabatskaya ◽

N.I. Vnukova

Keyword(s):

Plant Production ◽

High Survival ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Regenerative Capacity ◽

In Vitro Storage ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Regenerated Plants ◽

Growing Conditions

A technique for the long-term (up to 27 years) in vitro storage of valuable birch genotypes under normal (25 °C, 2.0 klx, 16-h day and 8-h night) and low temperature (4 °C, 0.5 klx, 6-h day and 18-h night) growing conditions on hormone-free media has been described. The study explored for the first time the influence of different strategies to store the clones of Betula pubescens and B. pendula var. сarelica (6 genotypes) on the regenerative capacity of collection samples, adaptive potential of regenerated plants and plant production by the in vitro and ex vitro techniques. It was established that both storage strategies provided a persistently high survival rate (82-100%) and regenerative capacity of in vitro shoots (the multiplication coefficient of 4.2-6.3 and rhizogenic activity of 90-100%). The clones retained their characteristics of height growth under the in vitro and ex vitro conditions, and demonstrated intraclonal homogeneity and lack of signs of somaclonal variability. The plants showed substantial interspecific differences at the stage of multiplication and transfer to the greenhouse. The highest percentage of acclimated plants (75-98% depending on the clone genotype) was obtained after planting of micro plants straight in the greenhouse, which simplified the technology and made plant production less costly. long-term in vitro storage, birch, species, genotype, micropropagation, ex vitro adaptation, plant material

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Stop the new gene, the alien: Predicted breakdown of MYB overexpression by ncRNA mediated gene regulations

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v4i2.7786 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

NEHA SINGH ◽

INDERJEET BHOGAL ◽

ABHISHEK KUMAR ◽

PUNIT TYAGI ◽

GIRIJA SIKARWAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Single Gene ◽

Neutral Theory ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Warning Sign ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Constitutive Overexpression ◽

New Gene ◽

Altered Gene ◽

Growing Conditions

Acclimatization is a process that occurs in individual cells to a drastic change in micro and macro environments. When an organism is subjected to a new environment or a change in its normal growing conditions, the cellular mechanisms initiate a warning sign and over a period of time or over generations the acquired, modified traits are being communicated and fixed as a new trait. If there is lack of equilibrium within the cell due to over expression of a single gene or network of associated genes either manmade or due to mutations, the organism or plant tries to fix it by initiating gene regulatory mechanisms. According to our neutral theory of gene expression, always a cell tries to maintain its pH by modifying its cytosol through altered gene expression. In the present investigation, 198 AtMYB genes were analyzed and found to play an intrinsic photosystem linked network of 38 nodes where MYB being regulated by a set of 48 miRNAs. Members of the network have evidence-based link to energy related mechanisms. Altering gene expression to an extent where, the cell may not be able to fix it or a trait, which requires excessive energy loss escorts the organism’s gene regulation by breakdown of the introduced sequence over few generations. Events with constitutive overexpression may suffer poor performance over the years based on gene network prevailing in the crop of interest. Hence, network rewiring with minimal energy expenses is concerned.

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Vibrionaceae core, shell and cloud genes are non-randomly distributed on Chr 1: An hypothesis that links the genomic location of genes with their intracellular placement

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-020-07117-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cecilie Bækkedal Sonnenberg ◽

Tim Kahlke ◽

Peik Haugen

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Fast Growth ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Distribution Data ◽

Optimization Strategy ◽

Gene Distribution ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Genomic Location ◽

Growing Conditions

Abstract Background The genome of Vibrionaceae bacteria, which consists of two circular chromosomes, is replicated in a highly ordered fashion. In fast-growing bacteria, multifork replication results in higher gene copy numbers and increased expression of genes located close to the origin of replication of Chr 1 (ori1). This is believed to be a growth optimization strategy to satisfy the high demand of essential growth factors during fast growth. The relationship between ori1-proximate growth-related genes and gene expression during fast growth has been investigated by many researchers. However, it remains unclear which other gene categories that are present close to ori1 and if expression of all ori1-proximate genes is increased during fast growth, or if expression is selectively elevated for certain gene categories. Results We calculated the pangenome of all complete genomes from the Vibrionaceae family and mapped the four pangene categories, core, softcore, shell and cloud, to their chromosomal positions. This revealed that core and softcore genes were found heavily biased towards ori1, while shell genes were overrepresented at the opposite part of Chr 1 (i.e., close to ter1). RNA-seq of Aliivibrio salmonicida and Vibrio natriegens showed global gene expression patterns that consistently correlated with chromosomal distance to ori1. Despite a biased gene distribution pattern, all pangene categories contributed to a skewed expression pattern at fast-growing conditions, whereas at slow-growing conditions, softcore, shell and cloud genes were responsible for elevated expression. Conclusion The pangene categories were non-randomly organized on Chr 1, with an overrepresentation of core and softcore genes around ori1, and overrepresentation of shell and cloud genes around ter1. Furthermore, we mapped our gene distribution data on to the intracellular positioning of chromatin described for V. cholerae, and found that core/softcore and shell/cloud genes appear enriched at two spatially separated intracellular regions. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that there is a link between the genomic location of genes and their cellular placement.

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Fungal Diversity in the Phyllosphere of Pinus heldreichii H. Christ—An Endemic and High-Altitude Pine of the Mediterranean Region

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d12050172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 172 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jelena Lazarević ◽

Audrius Menkis

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

High Quality ◽

The Balkans ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Coniferous Tree Species

Pinus heldreichii is a high-altitude coniferous tree species naturaly occurring in small and disjuncted populations in the Balkans and southern Italy. The aim of this study was to assess diversity and composition of fungal communities in living needles of P. heldreichii specifically focusing on fungal pathogens. Sampling was carried out at six different sites in Montenegro, where 2-4 year-old living needles of P. heldreichii were collected. Following DNA isolation, it was amplified using ITS2 rDNA as a marker and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Sequencing resulted in 31,831 high quality reads, which after assembly were found to represent 375 fungal taxa. The detected fungi were 295 (78.7%) Ascomycota, 79 (21.0%) Basidiomycota and 1 (0.2%) Mortierellomycotina. The most common fungi were Lophodermium pinastri (12.5% of all high-quality sequences), L. conigenum (10.9%), Sydowia polyspora (8.8%), Cyclaneusma niveum (5.5%), Unidentified sp. 2814_1 (5.4%) and Phaeosphaeria punctiformis (4.4%). The community composition varied among different sites, but in this respect two sites at higher altitudes (harsh growing conditions) were separated from three sites at lower altitudes (milder growing conditions), suggesting that environmental conditions were among major determinants of fungal communities associated with needles of P. heldreichii. Trees on one study site were attacked by bark beetles, leading to discolouration and frequent dieback of needles, thereby strongly affecting the fungal community structure. Among all functional groups of fungi, pathogens appeared to be an important component of fungal communities in the phyllosphere of P. heldreichii, especially in those trees under strong abiotic and biotic stress.

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