WATER CONSUMPTION OF WINTER TRITICALE DURING SEED PRODUCTIVITY FORMATION DEPENDING ON THE APPLIED FERTILIZER TYPES AND RATES ON THE IRRIGATED LANDS OF THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
K. S. Fundirat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigated Lands

 The irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine determine the level of total water consumption, the coefficient of water consumption, depending on the types and rates of applied fertilizers during the seed productivity formation of winter triticale. Actuality. Winter triticale as a crop is considered to be insufficiently studied under irrigation, and the Bogadarske variety for seed has not been cultivated before. In this regard, studying the water consumption of triticale when cultivated on seeds, as well as the influence of different rates and types of fertilizers on water consumption, is an important task under climate change on irrigated lands of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine, which in future may serve as a starting point for improving the adaptability of the crops in this region. The purpose of the research was to establish the water consumption features of winter triticale crop, depending on the type and rates of fertilizers on irrigated lands in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was conducted in 2013-2016 at the Institute of Irrigation Agriculture of the NAAS in the Ingulets Irrigation System. The soil of the experimental field is dark chestnut medium loam, slightly saline with a humus content of 2.3 %, density - 1.3 g/cm3, withering point - 9.8 %, minimum moisture-holding capacity - 22.4 %. Soil moisture at the experimental sites was determined to a depth of 1.0 m by the thermostat-weighted method in two non-adjoining repetitions. Total water consumption for separate periods of vegetation was determined by the method of water balance, taking into account the initial and final moisture reserve and the amount of precipitation during the period of vegetation. The coefficient of water consumption was established by the ratio of total water consumption for the period of vegetation to the seed yield of winter triticale. Irrigation was performed using a sprinkler unit Dual Console Sprinkler, taking into account a meteorological index and maintaining the soil moisture in the layer of 0-50 cm at 70% of the minimum moisture-holding capacity. Results. Based on the study results the total water consumption, depending on the rates and types of fertilizers, ranged from 3121 to 3258 m3/ha. Despite the fact that water consumption increased as a result of applying fertilizers, but due to higher yields, water consumption for the formation of 1 t of seeds was smaller. Thus, the coefficient of water consumption on the control (reference site) was 867 m3/t. On the variants where nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the rates of N30 – 696-699 m3/t and N60– 686-689 m3/t in an early spring period the plants of winter triticale fed with ammonium nitrate or CAMs consumed moisture more efficiently. On average, from 2013 to 2016, at the background of applying N60P60 and other nitrogen fertilizers of various types and in different rates during the cultivation of winter triticale, about 3.86-5.24 t/ha of seed material were received. Conclusions. It was established that the total water consumption depended on fertilizer application rates and ranged from 3121 to 3258 m3/ha. The moisture was used the most effectively (686-689 m3/t) on the variants where against the  background of applying N60P60 an early spring feeding with ammonium nitrate or a carbamide-ammonium mixture (UAM) in a dose of N60 was performed. At the same time, the highest yield of seeds was obtained - 5,19 and 5,24 t/ha, respectively.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

scholarly journals Total water consumption of cereals on the slopes of the Central District of Russia and zoned bioclimatic ratios

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
N. N. Dubenok ◽  
R. V. Kalinichenko ◽  
M. V. Klimakhina ◽  
E. V. Matsyganova ◽  
K. B. Shumakova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Perennial Herbs

Relevance. In Russia the issue of resource-saving irrigation of agricultural land is one of the most urgent, and total water consumption is one of the most important elements of the water balance of irrigated territory. Analyze the basic methods of determining the total water consumption, determine the average daily water consumption, total water consumption and zonal bioclimatic ratios for oats, barley with planting perennial herbs and perennial herbs in the conditions of the Central Region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on a stationary field experience in the Podolsk district of the Moscow District. To improve the individual elements of the water balance in these conditions were laid stationary water balancing sites (S=200 m2). The pre-21 thresholds for soil moisture was not less than 75%. The research was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods and recommendations. Total water consumption during the growing season and in the phases of plant development was determined by the method of water balance. Results. The total water consumption of crops by elements of the slope varies significantly between the upper and lower elements of the slope difference is 12-15 mm, which should be taken into account when calculating irrigation regimes on sloped lands. At the top of the slope it is necessary to carry out 1-2 watering more than at the base of the slope. Differentiated watering along the length of the slope allows to save irrigation water by 10-15%. The water consumption of crops in the context of the experience was greater in April and September than in the other months of growing. This is due to climate indicators. Total evaporation from the soil and plant surfaces depends on soil moisture, crop condition, wind speed, temperature and humidity. In April and September, the study years showed elevated temperatures and low relative humidity. When comparing the average daily water consumption at irrigated areas at the top and at the base of the slope, it is seen that in all the months of vegetation it is more on the upper section by an average of 12%. Bioclimatic coefficients depend on humidity and air temperature. The zonal coefficients we have obtained allow us to determine the water consumption of crops, both in each growing season and in general for vegetation.

scholarly journals Obtaining seeds of meadow clover in the Lower Volga region under irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 211 (08) ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Burceva ◽  
Natal'ya Molokanceva
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract. The purpose of the experiment was to develop a technology for cultivating meadow clover under irrigation to obtain the planned seed yields in the conditions of the Lower Volga region. Research methods. Field experiments, records and observations were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methods of experimental work. As a result of the research, it was found that the total water consumption of clover crops varied over the years of the herbage life and depended on the given pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture. It was highest in the variants with the maintenance of the 70 % pre-flood threshold: 3.6–3.9, the lowest 2.7–3.1 thousand m3/ha in the variants with the 60 % humidity threshold. With the differentiation of humidity by the development phases, the total water consumption varied from 3.1 to 3.5 thousand m3/ha. The share of irrigation water in the structure of total water consumption was 60.6–72.7 % according to the experimental variants. The leaf area depended on the water and nutrient regimes of the soil: it reached the maximum values in the variants with a 70 % pre-irrigation threshold of humidity and fertilization. In comparison with the increase in biomass, the seed productivity of clover was less dependent on the photosynthetic potential and assimilation surface. The highest seed yields were formed in the variants with improved nutrition background and maintenance of a differentiated irrigation regime – 280–730 kg / ha. The accumulation of a significant amount of root mass by clover had a positive effect on improving the ecological state of the irrigated area: the water-physical properties of the soil improved, and nutrients accumulated in it. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Lower Volga region, the dependence of the seed productivity of clover on the availability of water and nutrients, on the age of the herbage, was revealed. Their optimal combination is determined for the production of seed yields at the level of 400–700 kg/ha.

scholarly journals THE METHOD OF STUDYING WATER CONSUMPTION OF CROPS IN FIELD VEGETATION EXPERIMENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
S. S. Kolomiets ◽  
O. M. Nechaj ◽  
O. V. Turaieva ◽  
O. V. Hnelytsia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Instrumental Measurement ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

Facing the global climate change, the study of the water consumption of new varieties and hybrids of crops becomes an urgent problem because of the need for economical use of available water resources in the production process and adaptation of agro-technologies to climate change. The purpose of the research is to study the patterns of water consumption of new varieties of crops on the basis of instrumental daily measurement of the dynamics of components of the total water consumption of crops – evaporation and transpiration under different systems of their fertilizers and different levels of soil moisture. The developed method of instrumental measurement of the components of total water consumption is based on the use of ceramic membranes to automatically maintain different levels of soil moisture in the field vegetation experience under the influence of natural climatic factors. A two-factor vegetation experiment allows a comparative analysis of the structure of water consumption of crops at different levels of soil moisture and different fertilizer systems. The constructive decisions and history of creation and formation of field vegetation experiments with controlled level of soil moisture supply, their advantages and disadvantages are presented. Since 2017, the field of vegetation field experiments has functioned on a permanent basis in the village of Gora, Boryspil district, Kiev region. The advantage of these experiments is the high reliability of the obtained patterns, which provides a sufficient number of replicates in each variant; instrumental measurement of constituents of water consumption – evaporation from soil, total water consumption and, by difference, transpiration of plants that can be monitored on a daily basis, and even on an hourly basis; the dual action of the moisture supply device allows both to supply water to the soil and to divert excess water after precipitation to the storage tanks, which prevents anaerobiosis in the soil. According to the results of the conducted experiments, regularities of fundamental character were established: the ratio of evaporation and transpiration during the period of vegetation of crops was quantified; the influence of different fertilizer systems on the components of total water consumption of crops has been reliably established, in particular the influence of microbiological preparations and the participation of soil biota in the water consumption have been proved; factor analysis proved the equivalence of moisture supply factors (38 %) and fertilizer (36 %) on buckwheat grain productivity; under conditions of guaranteed moisture supply, soil biota improves soil fertility parameters. Conclusions. The fundamental result of vegetation experiments is the reliable establishment of the influence of different fertilizer systems on the components of water consumption of crops and in particular microbiological preparations, the participation of soil biota in soil moisture consumption, as well as its positive effect on the growth of the parameters of soil fertility substance, most likely due to the development of micro- and mesobiota (algae, moss, etc.) under conditions of guaranteed soil moisture. The method of conducting field vegetation experiments with regulation of soil moisture level developed at the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation is indispensable for instrumental study of the patterns of evaporation and transpiration during the growing season of agricultural crops, which are further used in the scenario modeling of agrotechnological technologies. also rainfed agriculture for long-term forecasts of security and the growing season, which is aimed at the economical use of moisture in the production process.The possibility of a direct comparative assessment of water consumption of different new varieties and hybrids of crops at different levels of soil moisture in the field vegetation experiment remains unrealized.Field vegetation experiment has a high demonstration and educational potential for teaching undergraduate and graduate students.

Analyzing the Effect of Mandatory Water Restrictions on Water Usage

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trey Dronyk-Trosper ◽  
Brandli Stitzel
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Water Restrictions

AbstractAs water rights and water usage become an ever more important part of municipalities’ and states’ way of life, it becomes important to understand what policies can be effective for encouraging conservation of water. One method that has been employed at various times and throughout numerous communities is to limit outdoor watering days. We use a dataset with over 3 million property-month observations during the 2007–2015 period in Norman, Oklahoma, to identify whether the periodic implementation of mandatory water restrictions reduces water usage. Our data allow us to exploit variance in the timing of these water restriction programs. Our findings indicate that this policy reduces water consumption by 0.7 % of total water consumption. Additionally, we use home assessment prices to identify heterogeneity in this response, finding that high priced homes are more responsive to water use restrictions.

Canopy-air temperature difference of winter wheat near-isogenic lines and its relationship with total water consumption by winter wheat grown under water deficit conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
梅旭荣 MEI Xurong ◽  
黄桂荣 HUANG Guirong ◽  
严昌荣 YAN Changrong ◽  
刘晓英 LIU Xiaoying ◽  
张欣莹 ZHANG Xinying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Total Water Consumption

scholarly journals A New Method for Reducing Collapsibility of Loess Foundation with Thicker Deposit: The Borehole Preimmersion Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bin Zhi ◽  
Xiaochan Wang ◽  
Pingping Wei ◽  
Zengyue Li ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
New Method ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Injection Hole ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
New Perspective

At present, there are some key issues in the traditional preimmersion method for reducing the collapsibility of the loess ground, such as the difficulty in determining the total water consumption and the long immersion time. In response to these issues, a new method, the borehole preimmersion method, is presented, and a specific theoretical design model is proposed for application in projects. The method is specifically discussed from a new perspective, and the diffusion mechanism and evolution law of water in the ground are presented in detail through theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, respectively. The water diffusion is a mushroom-type form for a single water injection hole immersed in water. A calculation model derived for a single water injection hole or a group of water injection holes based on the research results is used to calculate the volumes of soaked loess and the total water consumption. Through an in situ immersion test, the treatment effect of this method is evaluated to verify the rationality of the method and the theoretical calculation model proposed in this study, which provides a new method and theoretical framework for effectively reducing the collapsibility of the loess ground.

scholarly journals Water and time use: evidence from Kathmandu, Nepal

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. 76-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Jie Chen ◽  
Namrata Chindarkar ◽  
Jane Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Time Diary ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Water Collection

Abstract In this paper, we examine the effect of private tap water reliability on time spent on water collection and total water consumption among urban households in Kathmandu, Nepal. Although the majority of households in Kathmandu are connected to a private tap, they experience intermittent water supply. We link a unique time diary dataset collected between 2014 and 2015 to household water consumption and tap water reliability data. Our empirical analyses demonstrate that improved reliability of private tap water connection (PWC), measured as self-reported reliability and an objective measure of ‘probability of getting tap water in the next hour’, leads to increased time spent on water collection. Households with more reliable PWC also consume more water overall and from their own taps. Further investigation demonstrates that when private taps became more reliable, households substituted water collected from outside the household, such as water from public taps and public wells, with water from their own private taps. Our results proved robust to additional specification checks.

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