scholarly journals DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIVALENCE OF THE ORIGINAL AND THE TRANSLATION AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF CONTENT. ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF APPLIED SCIENCES JOURNAL WORLD ISSN 2733-3817, (1(17), 67–69.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulzhamilya Bibatyrovna Serikbayeva

In the modern world, the rapid growth of science and technology has caused a huge need for information exchange. There was a need to create a theoretical model of the translation process. Translation problems attracted the attention of linguists, and the study of translation began to take shape as a special linguistic discipline. The requirements for translation accuracy have significantly increased. The translation was supposed to ensure the accurate transmission of information in all details. Without allowing at the same time violations of the norms of the translation language. A strictly scientific analysis of the semantic functions of comparable forms of languages involved in the translation process was required. It was necessary to find out what the linguistic essence of this process is, to what extent it is determined by linguistic factors proper, to what extent such factors limit the accuracy of information transmission.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Васильевна Фалунина

В статье предлагается рассмотреть критерии психолого-педагогической готовности будущих педагогов к работе в поликультурном образовании, которые рассматриваются на отношенческо-мировоззренческом уровне, на уровне развития личностных характеристик и профессионально-важных качеств, а так же на ценностно-смысловом и результативно-деятельностном – профессиональном, педагогически значимом уровне. Показано, что рассматриваемые в статье виды отношений могут проявляться на разном уровне: когнитивном, эмоциональном и поведенческом, а так же могут отличаться степенью устойчивости, осознанности, выраженности и широты.The article proposes to consider the criteria of psychological and pedagogical readiness of future teachers to work in multicultural education, which are considered at the relational and ideological level, at the level of development of personal characteristics and professionally important qualities, as well as at the value-semantic and effective-activity-professional, pedagogically significant level. It is shown that the types of relations considered in the article can be manifested at different levels: cognitive, emotional and behavioral, as well as can be affected by the degree of stability, awareness, severity and breadth.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
A.I. Taleeva ◽  
◽  
I.T. Madumarova ◽  
N.V. Zvyagina ◽  
◽  
...  

The dynamic development of the modern world requires the processing and development of a large enough amount of information in a short period of time, which leads to a violation of the psychophysiological and psycho-emotional balance of the person. Violation of the psycho-emotional state leads to the development of increased anxiety. Students need to learn a lot of information in a very short time. The time limit affects students as a stress factor, leads to increased stress and therefore negatively affects the quality of work and in general on the whole body. The aim of the study is to determine the success of cognitive tasks by students of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University with different levels of anxiety in different time conditions. The study used a psychophysiological testing device to determine the level of situational and personal anxiety, to assess the psycho-emotional state used the technique of simple visual-motor reaction, to determine the success of the cognitive task were presented words with one missing letter.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Aldieri ◽  
Concetto Paolo Vinci

The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which knowledge spillovers effects are sensitive to different levels of innovation. We develop a theoretical model in which the core of spillover effect is showed and then we implement the empirical model to test for the results. In particular, we run the quantile regression for panel data estimator (Baker, Powell, & Smith, 2016), to correct the bias stemming from the endogenous regressors in a panel data sample. The findings identify a significant heterogeneity of technology spillovers across quantiles: the highest value of spillovers is observed at the lowest quartile of innovation distribution. The results might be interpreted to provide some useful implications for industrial policy strategy.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Tikhonova ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
A. Ernst-Vintila ◽  
I.B. Bovina

The main purpose of the presented article is to reveal the potential of social psychological knowledge for the analysis of radicalisation of young people. In the introduction, the features of socialisation in the modern world are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the role of the Internet in the socialisation of adolescents and young people. It is noted that the dominance of audiovisual information contributes to the reduction of reflexivity and promotes the so-called clip thinking, which has become an integral characteristic of adolescents and young people. It is emphasized that life in the modern society is associated with a number of changes taking place simultaneously at different levels, and uncertainty has become its important feature. Extremism and radicalisation are considered as a reaction to uncertainty, a way to overcome it. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of models of radicalization describes in various works. Finally, perspectives of further investigation into the subject are outlined.


2009 ◽  
pp. 20-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Di Meglio ◽  
Enrico Gargiulo

This chapter offers a long-term perspective on citizenship, questioning one of the basic assumptions of most of the literature on this topic, that is, the nation-state as unit of analysis. Through the adoption of a world-systemic perspective, two basic aspects of the history of citizenship stand out. Firstly, the fundamentally exclusive nature of this category, as it emerged and developed over the history of the modern world-system, since at least the “long 16th Century”. And, secondly, that well before the so-called “information revolution” of the last decades, “technology” has shaped the Western social imagination, acting, in various and changing historical forms, as an effective instrument of control and supremacy, producing asymmetric and inegalitarian effects, and providing a yardstick of the different “levels of development” of Western and non-Western peoples. In this view, the most recent phase of the history of citizenship, his e-form, seems to replicate, in new ways, the explanations of the gap existing both between and within countrie—now conceptualized as “digital divide”—and, at the same time, the illusory universalistic promise of an expansion of the citizenship and the rights associated to it.


2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra P. Srivastava ◽  
Sunita S. Rao ◽  
Theodore J. Mock

ABSTRACT This study develops a framework for planning, performing, and evaluating evidence obtained to assess and control the risks of providing assurance on sustainability reports. Sustainability reporting, or corporate sustainability reporting (CSR), provides stakeholders with important information on both financial and non-financial factors related to environmental, social, and economic performance. Importantly, the presented framework is developed from both a Bayesian (probability-based theory) and Belief Function (Dempster-Shafer theory) perspective. This facilitates application of the framework to cases where the assurance provider prefers to assess risk in terms of probability versus in terms of beliefs. To demonstrate the application of this framework we evaluate assertions, sub-assertions, and audit evidence relevant to CSR based on the G3 Reporting framework developed by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The paper contributes to the literature in three main areas. First, it demonstrates how evidence-based reasoning can be used for engagements where different levels of assurance are provided for the assertions being audited. Second, it shows how various items of evidence at different levels may be aggregated. Third, it presents a generic theoretical model for assuring information based on belief-based assessments, which is then contrasted with a theoretical model based on probability theory. In contrasting the two approaches, we show that in cases where initial uncertainty is substantial, the use of Dempster-Shafer theory has advantages over probability theory in terms of efficiency in achieving a targeted low level of assurance.


FORUM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Edina Robin

Abstract According to the results of translation-based empirical research within the descriptive paradigm, transfer operations and the shifts that occur as a result of translators’ interventions are governed by norms, which represent general, standard practices built on informal social consensus (Toury 1995). Based on the scientific analysis of norms and general rules, the so-called translation universals were formulated describing the factors and qualities that distinguish translations from source texts and from authentic texts not produced through translation but originally written in the target language (Baker 1993). In the present study, I aim to summarise the theoretical conclusions drawn so far from the description of these observed translational features, as well as the results of the research into linguistic phenomena and laws that characterise translations in general, then I will synthesise and graphically represent the lessons learned in a theoretical model. Hopefully, it will provide help to understand and process the research data gained so far and in the future.


2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Policardo

AbstractIf the demand for environmental goods is increasing with income, democratization shifts the decisive power from a rich autocrat to a poorer individual (decisive voter), so it should be associated with worse environmental conditions. In this paper, it is shown through a theoretical model that: (i) democratization may have mixed effects on the level of environmental quality, depending on the size of the price and income effects on the demand for environmental quality associated with a decrease in the decisive political actor's wealth; and (ii) assuming that society is composed of two classes of individuals with different levels of exposure to pollution, and assuming moreover that the decisive voter belongs to the most exposed class of individuals while the autocrat does not, democratization is beneficial for the environment, and the better the effect on the environment, the bigger the difference in wealth between the two decisive political actors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Gulnora N. Khidirova

The compared languages (Uzbek and Russian) belong to languages of different grammatical structure, which has a decisive theoretical and practical significance in the cognition of linguistic phenomena. The grammatical structure of these languages is determined by the nature of their syntax and morphology. Differences in languages at different levels of their system cause translation difficulties. This is the reason for the use of syntactic transformations in the translation process. The article analyzes syntactic transformations - transformations of the structure of a sentence or one syntactic type of sentence into another, based on the material of Russian translations of A. Kadiris novel Past Days. It is shown that transformations occupy an important place in literary translation, since it is often impossible to use correspondences from dictionaries. With the help of transformations, it is possible to change the internal form of lexical units or replace one or another syntactic structure for an adequate transfer of content. Based on factual material, the influence of lexical, grammatical and stylistic factors on the methods of interlingual replacement, means of compensation, various transformations, including syntactic transformations, is considered.


2021 ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Aleksandrovich Golovushkin

This article is dedicated to the problems and prospects of the expected/commenced social and value shift, which was stimulated and legitimized by the COVID-19 pandemic. For a long time and on different levels (universalism/particularism), the modern world has been seeking the new system of “individual – society – state”, as well as the corresponding value basis. Being simultaneously a global and individual challenge, the COVID-19 pandemic allows launching and testing the available “projects of the Reformation”, as well as laying the foundation for the future projects. This is the sort of “shimmering in the near distance”, version of the “disciplinary revolution”, which allows officially speaking of the “new world”. However, in order the “motivation” for the new social reality is “for conscience, rather than fear”, it requires the value revolution (“revolution in theology”), which would formulate and offer the new normative attitudes. In this regard, the use of the conceptual framework of the “Reformation” and its patterns leads towards the comprehension of importance of the value foundation of the expected / commenced social transformation. Even of greater importance is the understanding who forms this value foundation. The article does not provide specific answers to the questions which new system of “individual – society – state”, new ethos or “new religion” entails the COVID-19 pandemic. The consequences of such “revolutions” manifest later on and are rarely predictable. This article aims to be the “optics” that allows seeing the inner and the outer the context of the COVID-2019.


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