scholarly journals Measuring and interpreting cognitive representations of foods and drinks: A procedure for collecting and coding feature listing data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther K. Papies ◽  
Betül Tatar ◽  
Mike Keesman ◽  
Maisy Best ◽  
Katharina Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Coding Manual ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Consumption Situation ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Independent Features ◽  
Feature Listing

Feature listing is a novel method to study people’s rich, multifaceted cognitive representations of food and drink objects. In other words, it helps researchers understand the content activated in memory when people think about foods or drinks. Feature listing is an easy-to-administer method that has traditionally been used to study the semantic features of conceptual representation in cognitive science. We have recently adapted it for examining the representations of food and alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks. Here, we describe a procedure for collecting feature listing data for food or drink objects, and for systematically coding the features produced by participants to enable quantitative analyses. First, we provide an overview of the feature listing method along with detailed instructions to participants. Then, we describe a systematic procedure for coding the wide variety of features that participants list in such tasks, using a total of 44 hierarchically-organised feature categories. We first present a general overview of the coding procedure followed by a systematic overview of the categories used, including categories of consumption situation features, non-consumption features, and situation-independent features. We then provide an extensive coding manual describing the categories and subcategories in detail, offering detailed criteria for coding a feature as belonging to a specific category along with examples and disambiguation procedures. This manual should allow researchers to systematically collect and code responses in feature listing tasks for foods and drinks, and increase the reproducibility of research findings involving feature listing.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study Evaluating Preferences for Caffeinated Drinks Consumption Among Mures Medical Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Iustinian SIMION ◽  
Victoria RUS ◽  
Maria SALCUDEAN ◽  
Catalin Moise DOGAR ◽  
Monica TARCEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Food Behaviors ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Food And Drink

The scale of caffeinated drinks offered for young adults is large and also is the risk for abuse followed by heart or brain injuries due to high levels of caffeine, taurine, sugars etc. For this purpose, we chose to evaluate the risk behaviors in a group of Mures medical students and assess their practices and knowledge of excess caffeine drinks intake. For this study, we used a food frequency questionnaire containing 26 questions related to personal data, food behaviors, types of food and drink consumed and the frequency of consumption. The questionnaire was applied to 427 Mures medical students in 2016. On average, 2/3 of the Mures medical students associate an excess of coffee, energy drinks and other types of caffeinated beverages, especially during the exams period. From the list of preferred drinks that our students chose, in descending order, are: coffee, carbonated beverages, alcoholic beverages and energy drinks. Students often turn to alcoholic drinks, sometimes in combination with energy drinks, raising the risk for their health. 25% have only coffee in the morning, on empty stomach, skipping breakfast. More than half of them have at least 3 coffees per day, with possible health impact on long term. Our data emphasizes once more the importance of health education in schools and universities, especially for medical students and future doctors, and the need for efficient community interventions in order to prevent lifestyle behaviors at risk.

scholarly journals ЛЮДИНА РОЗУМНА: ТИПИ МЕТАФОРИЧНОГО ПЕРЕОСМИСЛЕННЯПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНОГО ОБРАЗУ(на матеріалі української, німецької та англійської мов)

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Soshko O.H.
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Cultural Code

Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to interpret and differentiate the types of metaphorization mechanisms in Ukrainian, German and English phraseological units, which characterize positive intellectual abilities of a person, as well as to identify their common and distinctive features since one of the main characteristics of phraseological systems of different languages is the unity of general and special. Based on this goal and the general task of anthropocentric phraseology – the study of the ratio of linguistic and extralinguistic meanings, the existing definitions of phraseological units in languages are investigated, and the phraseological meaning is considered as an object of linguistic research. Phrasemes, or phraseological units, are studied in different directions. The study of them as units reflecting the human factor in any language remains relevant in recent decades. Metaphor is also in the focus of modern linguistics because of its relationship between linguistic phenomena and perception, memory and thinking, acquisition and application of human knowledge and experience.Methods. Since phraseological units are also studied in linguistic and linguocultural aspects, a complex research methodology is used here. According to the set goal and specific tasks, such basic methods as descriptive, comparative, component analysis were used.Results. The research findings are as follows: the author suggests a general classification of the mechanisms of metaphorization in phraseological units taking into account the components of their inner form. The models of phraseological units are highlighted, which are based on different types of metaphorical rethinking. The proposed classification can be used to study the semantic features of phraseological units using the material of different languages, as well as for their further correct ideographic separation.Conclusions. In the studied languages phrasemes with metaphorical rethinking form a rather large group. Many of them have a fairly transparent structure of meaning, the motivation of which is based on broad connotations known to almost any native speaker. The research objective includes identifying semantic similarities and differences between phraseological units of languages studied. The connection of phraseological units with the cultural code is preserved in the collective subconscious memory of native speakers. Phraseologisms, reflecting in their semantics the long process of people’s cultural development, fix and transmit cultural attitudes and archetypes, standards and stereotypes from generation to generation.Key words: phraseological unit/phraseme, idiom, metaphor, metaphorization, structural-semantic analysis, inner form. Мета. Основна мета дослідження – це інтерпретувати та диференціювати типи механізмів метафоризації в українських, німецьких та англійських фразеологізмах, які характеризують позитивні інтелектуальні здібності людини, а також виявити їх спільні та відмінні риси, адже однією з основних характеристик фразем різних мов виступає єдність загального і специфічного. Виходячи із цієї мети і спільного завдання антропоцентричної фразеології, що полягає у вивченні співвідношення мовних та екстралінгвістичних значень, досліджуються мовні визначення фразеологізмів у мові, а фразеологічне значення розглядається як об’єкт лінгвістичного дослідження. Вивчення фразем відбувається за різними напрямками. Вивчення їх як одиниць, що відбивають людський фактор в будь-якій мові, залишається актуальним в останні десятиліття. Метафора також знаходиться в центрі уваги сучасної лінгвістики через її взаємозв’язок між мовними явищами і сприйняттям, пам’яттю і мисленням, надбанням і застосуванням людських знань і досвіду.Методи. Оскільки фразеологічні одиниці розглядаються в лінгвістичному і лінгвокультурному аспектах, використовується комплексна дослідницька методологія. Згідно з поставленою метою та конкретними завданнями використовувалися такі основні методи, як описовий, зіставний, а також метод компонентного аналізу.Результати. Автор пропонує загальну класифікацію механізмів метафоризації у фразеологічних одиницях, що вивчаються з урахуванням компонентів їхньої внутрішньої форми. Виділено моделі фразеологізмів, засновані на різних типах метафоричного переосмислення. Запропонована класифікація може бути застосована для вивчення семантичних особливостей фразеологізмів на матеріалі різних мов, а також для їх подальшого правильного ідеографічного розподілу.Висновки. У досліджуваних мовах фраземи з метафоричним переосмисленням утворюють досить велику групу. Багато з них мають досить прозору смислову структуру, мотивація якої заснована на широких конотаціях, відомих практично кожному носію мови. У завдання дослідження входило виявлення семантичних подібностей і відмінностей між фразеологізмами мов. Зв’язок фразеологізмів із культурним кодом зберігається в колективній підсвідомій пам’яті носіїв мови. Фразеологізми, що відображають в своїй семантиці тривалий процес культурного розвитку людей, фіксують та передають культурні установки й архетипи, стандарти і стереотипи з покоління в покоління.Ключові слова: фразеологічна одиниця/фразема, ідіома, метафора, метафоричне переосмислення, структурно-семантичний аналіз, внутрішня форма.

scholarly journals Dialect text as a source of information about the life of eastern sloboda inhabitants

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Maryna Voloshynova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Spiritual Culture ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Of Information

The article is devoted to the analysis of structural features of dialect texts about the life and way of living the eastern Sloboda inhabitants. It has been emphasized that in recent years, scholars have increasingly chosen large volumes of coherent texts as an object of their study, concerning the high level of informativeness, spontaneity and ease. In systematic descriptions, scholars pay attention to the study of linguistic, cognitive and pragmatic parameters of dialect texts, their structural and semantic features. Dialect texts recorded in Ukrainian East Sloboda dialects are grouped into the following thematic groups: texts about food and drink; texts about dishes and kitchen utensils; texts about folk beliefs; texts about life. The analysis focuses on dialect texts-descriptions of food and beverages, which are of great value to dialectologists, ethnologists, historians, as informants during the story describe in detail the ways of cooking various dishes, their recipes, eating traditions, modern and archaic management. It was found that the texts on traditional spiritual culture, which reflect superstitions and folk beliefs in the afterlife, saturate numerous repetitions (so-called identical repetitions). Such speech techniques are usually used by dialect speakers to emphasize the importance of reported events. Repetitions themselves become a means of coherence in the text and ensure its integrity. The conclusions to the article emphasize the importance of further research of East Sloboda dialect texts on their features at the phonetic, lexical, grammatical levels.

scholarly journals INTRODUCTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Marc W. Etches ◽  
Jane Rigbye
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
International Level ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Harm Minimisation ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Consideration

In this special issue, critical consideration is given to existing knowledge and understanding regarding harm minimisation in gambling. While the reviews have been written with the British context in mind, we consider that most matters will have some relevance at an international level also. Papers in this issue also consider operational and regulatory matters through identifying priority areas for research and offering initial guidance on how existing research findings could be applied in operator-based approaches to harm minimisation. It should be noted that concurrent work is being done in Great Britain by both the regulator and industry in response to concerns about the impacts of gambling individually and in local communities. The regulator has recently reviewed social responsibility provisions found within its License Conditions and Codes of Practice (LCCP), and this has established where greater degrees of player protection or player monitoring need to be mandated. In classifying approaches according to their source of implementation and management, the papers in this special issue examine the evidence by considering a specific category of harm minimisation that has been referred to here as ‘operator-based’ harm minimisation. The four papers consider the issues in relation to facilitating awareness and control among consumers engaging in gambling; to restricting access to gambling products; and to ensuring that marketing functions operate in a transparent and responsible way.

Building disciplinary knowledge through multimodal presentation

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 655-673
Author(s):  
Qianhua Ouyang ◽  
Yi Yu ◽  
Ai Fu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Building ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Disciplinary Knowledge ◽  
Code Theory ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
On Line ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Legitimation Code Theory ◽  
Line Space

Abstract Digital innovations are revolutionizing education, bringing opportunities that are seized across disciplines including conference interpreting training. This research draws a transdisciplinary framework of Legitimation Code Theory and multimodality research to explore how to build and transfer the disciplinary knowledge of interpreting via an on-line course, a staple of today’s education. The paper first conceptualizes the disciplinary knowledge of interpreting as elite code that entails both specialist knowledge of high semantic density and tacit experience of professionals of the trade. Then, drawing on empirical data from the first interpreting MOOC in China, the paper describes how knowledge of different semantic features is built through distinctive patterns of multimodal presentation. Effectiveness of the multimodal presentation of knowledge is then triangulated with learning outcome research. Findings of this paper highlight how multimodal presentation in on-line lectures support the process of learning and hence elicit reflective perspectives on knowledge building of interpreting in the on-line space.

scholarly journals Do Nations Have Stomachs? Food, Drink and Imagined Community in Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nugent
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rhetorical Question ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Printed Word

This paper takes a rhetorical question posed by Ernest Gellner and reframes it to ask whether a sense of national identity can be forged through everyday acts of consumption – in particular, that of food and drink. The article finds value in Benedict Anderson's conception of the nation as an imagined community, but argues that it makes little sense to privilege the printed word over other forms of consumption. The article goes on to suggest that there have been significant convergences at the level of consumption, but that not all of this has led to reflection about what it means to be a member of the nation. Some lessons are drawn from literatures about music and dress, following which the attention turns to alcoholic drinks and everyday foodstuffs. The history of the consumption of beer and wine in South Africa is used as a case study for convergence in a least likely scenario. The discussion on food observes that while cuisine is not a matter of debate in many African countries, in some countries, like Ethiopia and Senegal, it is taken very seriously indeed. In South Africa, there are ongoing efforts to posit food preferences as something distinctively South African. Although the braai is often discussed in a lighthearted manner, the promotion of a sense of awareness about what all South Africans share in terms of eating habits also has a more serious side to it.

Comprehension Correlates of the Occurrence and Deletion of “de” in Mandarin “N1 (de) N2” Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
Junyuan Zhao ◽  
Junru Wu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Structure Level ◽  
Semantic Judgment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Multi Level

Based on corpus materials and online semantic judgment surveys, this paper investigates the comprehension differences related to the occurrence and deletion of “de” in the Mandarin “N1 (de) N2” structure. By applying PCA and LME modeling on the survey data, we provide a multi-level database of semantic measurements for a set of Chinese “N1 (de) N2” structures as well as a quantitative analysis regarding the correlation between structure-level and constituent-level semantic features. The research shows the following: (1) The “de”-occurring structure is more likely to be interpreted as indefinite than the “de”-deletion structure. (2) Animacy of N1 is positively related to the grammaticality of the “de”-occurring structure, while animacy of N1 is negatively related to the grammaticality of the “de”-deletion structure. The research findings provide evidence for prototype effects in the process of language comprehension. We propose that in natural comprehension, there is a high-animacy bias for N1 regarding the “de”-occurring structure; while a low animacy interpretation for N1 is more prototypical for the “de”-deletion structure. Accordingly, the “de”-occurring structure tends to be interpreted as a possessive, while the “de”-deletion structure is more likely to be interpreted as a modifier-head structure.

scholarly journals Lexico-semantic Features as Creative/Stylistic Strategies in Joseph Edoki’s The Upward Path

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Edokpayi Justina N.
Keyword(s):  
African Country ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
African Literature ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Brighter Future ◽  
Blue Print ◽  
Semantic Parameters

This study examines and explicates the lexico-semantic parameters, which Joseph Edoki deploys to convey his themes in The Upward Path, his second novel. Edoki is a contemporary Nigerian novelist who is preoccupied with the socio-political problems in Africa with the hope of a brighter future. The novel is the story of Mr. Gaga, a Rhwandan American PhD student, on a fact finding mission in Savannah, an African country, for his Thesis entitled ‘’ Why Africa is Underdeveloped’’. For failing to portray Africa in line with the negative views about the continent in his proposal, Gaga’s supervisor recalls him back to America in anger. But in defense of his conviction and research findings about Africa, Gaga remains in Savannah to complete his Thesis. This study is of significance because as a linguistic study, it will serve as a springboard to future researches in the language of African literature. Moreover, the good governance, which Edoki presents in Savannah, the fictional country, in which the novel under study is set, is a blue print for the development of Africa.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC FEATURES OF RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH ADVERBS OF INSIGNIFICANCE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya V. Gladysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Google Search

The paper offers the results of experimental research into semantics of Russian adverbs nemnogo, neskolko, slegka, otchasti and English adverbs somewhat, a little, slightly, partly. Despite their rich syntactic potential and functional polyvalence, Russian adverbs are still relatively under-researched.The author relies on a complex research procedure based on hypothesisdeduction method (with semantic experiment as its integral part), corpus-based experiment and the analysis of search engine results. The preliminary stage of the research into the meaning of the adverbs consists in gathering information on their distribution, valence characteristics and all possible contexts. The author has studied about 2 500 examples and contexts. The results of this preliminary analysis enable to frame a hypothesis on the meaning of the linguistic units in question. Then the author proceeds to the experimental verification of the proposed hypotheses supported by Russian corpus-based experiment and the analysis of Google search results. The research findings result in stricter semantic descriptions of the adverbs in question.

What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean to You? A Follow-Up Study Examining School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
Jeff Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Based ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ebp Implementation

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.

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