Compounding effects of domain-general cognitive weaknesses and reading difficulties on anxiety symptoms in youth
This study examined whether domain-general cognitive weaknesses in processing speed (PS) or executive functioning (EF) compound risk for anxiety in children with reading difficulties. The sample included 755 youth ages 8-16 who were recruited as part of the [blinded for peer review]. Lower scores on PS (R2=.007, p=.014) and EF (R2=.009, p=.006) were associated with higher anxiety scores. Additionally, the reading x cognitive interactions were significant, such that lower scores on PS (R2=.010, p=.005) or EF (R2=.013, p=.010) combined with lower reading were associated with higher than expected anxiety symptoms. Results suggest that weaknesses in PS and EF may be associated with higher anxiety symptoms, and this anxiety risk may be compounded in youth with reading difficulties. These findings can guide assessment approaches for identifying youth with reading challenges who may be at increased risk for anxiety.