scholarly journals Examining the Cultural Consensus on Beliefs about Mindfulness among US Early Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Van Doren ◽  
Zita Oravecz ◽  
Jose Angel Soto ◽  
Robert W Roeser
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cultural Consensus ◽  
White People ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Business World ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Spiritual But Not Religious ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cultural Consensus Theory ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objectives: Mindfulness programs are increasingly popular, yet little is known about how individuals perceive mindfulness: its origins, how it is learned, its functions, and practitioners. Using methods from Cultural Consensus Theory (CCT), the present study sought to examine whether a cultural consensus on mindfulness exists among early adults in the US, and what the content of that consensus might be.Methods: College-attending early adults aged 18-25 (Study 1 N = 275 – convenience sample; Study 2 N = 210 – nationally representative sample) completed questionnaires on beliefs about mindfulness, exposure to mindfulness, and demographics. Data were analyzed using a CCT-derived Bayesian cognitive psychometric model.Results: Early adults converged on a cultural consensus about mindfulness in both studies, and the content of this consensus was also replicated. Participants consensually agreed that mindfulness has Buddhist origins, is both spiritual (but not religious) and secular; takes patience to learn and a lifetime to master; is an antidote to suffering, but also gives one a competitive edge in the business world; is practiced more by women, and less by Conservatives. Prior exposure to mindfulness was related to greater knowledge of this cultural consensus.Conclusions: Early adults view mindfulness as a universal practice that people their age can learn, that serves both spiritual and instrumental functions, and that is not limited to wealthy or White people. Results provide useful information that can inform debates about mindfulness in the US, and guide practical efforts to increase inclusivity and participation in such programs for early adults in future.

scholarly journals New Age Informality: Hispanics and the Sharing Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pisani
Keyword(s):  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
New Age ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Nationally Representative

The purpose of this study is to advance understanding of the Hispanic contribution to the engagement and production of the sharing and informal economies in the US. The study is situated within the domains of the sharing economy and informality within a broader frame of entrepreneurship. Specifically, Hispanic participation rates, rationale for engagement, and the major drivers of involvement in the production of the sharing and informal economies are analyzed. To evaluate this, data are reported from a nationally representative subsample of Hispanics derived from the US Federal Reserve Board’s Enterprising and Informal Work Activities Survey (EIWA) conducted in the late fall of 2015. The finding is that more than one-third of Hispanics engage in EIWA. Hispanics participate in EIWA primarily as a means to earn extra income or as a key avenue to earn a living. By choice, relatively affluent Hispanics have the largest stake in sharing and informal economies. However, it is the lowest income Hispanics that engage in EIWA out of necessity. The major drivers of EIWA participation among Hispanics are revealed. This is the first known study with a nationally representative sample of Hispanics focused on participation rates, rationale for engagement, and drivers of involvement in the production of new age sharing and informal economies.

scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity, Lung Function, and COPD in US Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Francisca de Castro Mendes ◽  
Kirstie Ducharme-Smith ◽  
Gustavo Mora-Garcia ◽  
Saleh A. Alqahtani ◽  
Maria Stephany Ruiz-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Lung Health

Increasing epidemiological evidence suggests that optimal diet quality helps to improve preservation of lung function and to reduce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but no study has investigated the association of food insecurity (FI) and lung health in the general population. Using data from a representative sample of US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012 cycles, we investigated the association between FI with lung function and spirometrically defined COPD in 12,469 individuals aged ≥ 18 years of age. FI (high vs. low) was defined using the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Security Scale). Population-weighted adjusted regression models were used to investigate associations between FI, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), their ratio, and spirometrically defined restriction (FVC below the lower limit of normal) and airflow obstruction (COPD). The prevalence of household FI was 13.2%. High household FI was associated with lower FVC (adjusted β-coefficient −70.9 mL, 95% CI −116.6, −25.3), and with higher odds (OR) of spirometric restriction (1.02, 95% CI 1.00, 1.03). Stratified analyses showed similar effect sizes within specific ethnic groups. High FI was associated with worse lung health in a nationally representative sample of adults in the US.

Abstract MP45: National Women’s Knowledge of Stroke Warning Signs, Overall and by Race/Ethnic Group

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Mochari-Greenberger ◽  
Amytis Towfighi ◽  
Lori Mosca
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
The Us ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Us Census

Background: Early treatment is associated with better clinical outcomes in stroke, but women must recognize the warning signs of a stroke to reduce delays in treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate contemporary knowledge of stroke warning signs and intent to call 9-1-1 first if warning signs occur, among a nationally representative sample of women, overall and by race/ethnic group. Methods: A study of cardiovascular disease awareness and knowledge was conducted by the American Heart Association in 2012 among English speaking US women > 25 years identified through random digit dialing (N=1,205; 54% white, 17% black, 17% Hispanic, 12% other). Demographic data, including race/ethnic group, were evaluated using standardized categorical questions. Knowledge about warning signs of stroke, and what to do first if experiencing signs of a stroke, was assessed by standardized unaided questions. Data were weighted to reflect the US population of women based on the US Census Bureau’s March 2011 Current Population Survey, overall and within ethnic strata. Results: In 2012, half of women surveyed (51%) identified sudden weakness/numbness of face/limb on one side as a stroke warning sign; this did not vary by race/ethnic group. Loss of/trouble talking/understanding speech was identified by 44% of women, and more frequently among white versus Hispanic women (48% vs. 36%; p<.05). Fewer than one in four women identified sudden severe headache (23%), unexplained dizziness (20%), or sudden dizziness/loss of vision (18%) as warning signs, and one in five (20%) did not know one stroke warning sign; these results did not vary by race/ethnicity. The majority of women said that they would call 9-1-1 first if they thought they were experiencing signs of a stroke (84%), and this did not vary among black (86%), Hispanic (79%), or white/other (85%) women. Conclusions: Knowledge of stroke warning signs was low among a nationally representative sample of women, especially among Hispanics. In contrast, knowledge to call 9-1-1 when experiencing signs of stroke was high. These data suggest effort to improve recognition of the warning signs of stroke has potential to reduce treatment delay and improve outcomes among women.

What Affects People’s Willingness to Participate in Qualitative Research? An Experimental Comparison of Five Incentives

Field Methods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Kelly ◽  
Marjorie Margolis ◽  
Lauren McCormack ◽  
Patricia A. LeBaron ◽  
Dhuly Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

The literature on factors that influence participation in qualitative research is lacking. We conducted an experiment with a nationally representative sample to test the impact of different incentive types and amounts on willingness to participate in a hypothetical qualitative interview. We randomized participants from an online panel to one of the five versions of a recruitment ad: no incentive, a nonmonetary incentive, US$25, US$50, or US$75 ( N = 4,136). All three monetary incentives resulted in greater willingness to participate than no incentive or a nonmonetary incentive. No differences emerged between no incentive and a nonmonetary incentive (drawing for noncash prize). Among those who had at least some willingness, US$75 produced more willingness than US$25. The US$50 and US$75 amounts did not differ. Results suggest incentives matter in achieving participation in qualitative research, but there may be diminishing returns. Nonmonetary incentives may not result in higher participation than no incentive at all.

Traffic Exposure and Asthma Exacerbation Among a Nationally Representative Sample of the US Population

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sapkota ◽  
Sorina Eftim ◽  
Keeve Nachman ◽  
Natalyia Kravets ◽  
Edmund Shenassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Traffic Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative

The impact of widowhood on depression: findings from a prospective survey

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. CARNELLEY ◽  
C. B. WORTMAN ◽  
R. C. KESSLER
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
First Year ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Prospective Survey ◽  
Baseline Interview ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Background. We investigated the impact of widowhood on depression and how resources and contextual factors that define the meaning of loss modified this effect.Method. In a prospective, nationally representative sample of women in the US aged 54 or older we compared 64 women who were widowed in the 3 years between data collection waves with 431 women who were stably married over the time interval.Results. Those who became widowed reported more depression than controls for 2 years following the loss. However, this effect was confined to respondents whose husbands were not ill at baseline. Widowed women whose husbands were ill at baseline already had elevated depression in the baseline interview and did not become significantly more depressed after the death. Consistent with this result, women who were not depressed pre-bereavement were most vulnerable to depression following the loss of an ill spouse during the first year of widowhood.Conclusions. Results suggest that spouses' illness may forewarn wives of their impending loss and these women may begin to grieve before his death. Those forewarned women who are not depressed pre-bereavement may experience the most post-bereavement depression. Findings are discussed in light of previous, more methodologically limited studies.

scholarly journals Trusting the Trust Game: An External Validity Analysis with a UK Representative Sample

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Sanchayan Banerjee ◽  
Matteo M. Galizzi ◽  
Rafael Hortala-Vallve
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Control

Using a nationally representative sample of 1052 respondents from the United Kingdom, we systematically tested the associations between the experimental trust game and a range of popular self-reported measures for trust, such as the General Social Survey (GSS) and the Rosenberg scale for self-reported trust. We find that, in our UK representative sample, the experimental trust game significantly and positively predicts generalised self-reported trust in the GSS. This association is robust across a number of alternative empirical specifications, which account for multiple hypotheses corrections and control for other social preferences as measured by the dictator game and the public good game, as well as for a broad range of individual characteristics, such as gender, age, education, and personal income. We discuss how these results generalise to nationally representative samples from six other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Slovenia, and the US).

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